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1548

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Calendar year

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century 16th century 17th century
Decades:	1520s 1530s 1540s 1550s 1560s
Years:	1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1550 1551
	v t e

December: TheBurmese–Siamese War of 1548 starts.

Year1548 (MDXLVIII) was aleap year starting on Sunday of theJulian calendar.

Events

January–March

January 5 –Abu al-Abbas Ahmad III, ruler of theHafsid Sultanate in what is nowTunisia in northern Africa, renews the 1547 treaty of friendship withSpain that had been signed by representatives of his father.^[1]
January 19 – Three ships from the Portuguese Navy arrive at the port ofAden to assist Mohammed bin Ali al-Tawlaki, who has been defending the city against an attack by the Ottoman Navy. The Portuguese ships are forced to retreat toZeila in Somalia, where 120 survivors are captured and their ships are burned.^[2]
January 27 –King Henri II ofFrance makes the Châtillon agreement, a contract forbetrothal for an arranged marriage between his four year old son,Prince Francois, to the five year oldMary, Queen of Scots, to take place in 1558.^[3]
January 28 – (Tenbun 17, 30th day of 12th month)Nagao Kagetora (later Uesugi Kenshin) leads a triumphant entry intoKasugayama Castle in Japan, replacing his older brotherNagao Harukage as the leadsamurai in theNagao clan that rules theEchigo Province.^[4]
February 2 – OnCandlemas day inScotland, during theRough Wooing War with England, theByllye Castle nearAuchencrow is captured by a force of 11 English soldiers led by Thomas Carlile, and becomes a garrison for English troops.^[5]
February 14 – (Tenbun 18, 4th day of 1st month) At theBattle of Uedahara, firearms are used for the first time on the battlefield inJapan, andTakeda Shingen is defeated byMurakami Yoshikiyo.^[6]
February 26 – The Ottoman Navy, led by AdmiralAhmed Muhiddin Piri (commonly known as Piri Reis), recaptures Aden.^[2]
March 9 –Le Trung Tong becomes the newEmperor ofDai Viet (corresponding to northern Vietnam) upon the death of his father,Lê Trang Tông.^[7]

April–June

April 1 –Sigismund II Augustus succeeds his father,Sigismund I the Old, asKing of Poland andGrand Duke of Lithuania.^[8]
April 15 – GeneralZhu Wan ofMing dynasty China dispatches a fleet of ships, commanded byLu Tang, to destroy smugglers and pirates atShangyu, a port on Liuheng Island.^[9] The fleet sets off fromWenzhou and makes its attack in June.
May 15 –
- TheDiet of Augsburg approves a decree ofCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor, the "Declaration of His Roman Imperial Majesty on the Observance of Religion Within the Holy Empire Until the Decision of the General Council", informally referred to as theAugsburg Interim, directing German Protestants to resume the doctrine of theRoman Catholic Church, including observance of theSeven Sacraments.^[10] As a concession, the Emperor allows the continuation of some Protestant customs, including the right of Protestant clergy to marry and for believers to receive the Protestantcommunion of bread and wine.^[11]
- Ratan Singh of Amber, Raja of the Amber Kingdom in what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan, is poisoned by his younger brotherAskaran, Raja of Narwar.^[12]
June 1 –
- The Japanese city ofUchiyama inShinano Province (now in theNagano Prefecture) is burned by the clan ofMurakami Yoshikiyo after the February defeat of theTakeda clan at the Battle of Uedahara.^[13]
- Bharmal becomes the new raja of theKingdom of Amber, in territory now occupied byIndia'sRajasthan state, upon the overthrow of his nephew,Askaran, Raja ofNarwar, who had reigned for only 16 days.^[14]
June 10 – (5th day of the waxing moon in the 8th month of the910th year of theChula Sakarat Era):Yotfa, the 13-year-old ruler of theAyutthaya Kingdom ofThailand since 1546, is murdered with the consent of his mother, the regentSi Sudachan, who installs her lover,Worawongsathirat, on the throne. Yotfa's younger brother, Prince Sissin, is spared from execution. Worawongsathirat and Si Sudachan are both killed in a counter-coup in November.^[15]
June 11 –Suleiman the Magnificent, theSultan of the Ottoman Empire begins an invasion ofSafavid Iran that will last for almost two years before he abandons it.^[16]
June 16 – The first of 8,000 French troops under the command of GeneralAndré de Montalembert arrive at the port ofLeith at the invitation of the King of Scotland, who seeks to drive out the occupying forces of the Army of England.^[17]
June 30 – TheAugsburg Interim, approved May 15, is codified into law in theHoly Roman Empire.
June
- Ming Chinese naval forces commanded byZhu Wan destroy the pirate haven ofShuangyu,frequented by Chinese, Japanese and Portuguese smugglers.
- John Dee starts to study at theOld University of Leuven.^[18]

July–September

July 7 – A marriage treaty is signed betweenScotland andFrance, whereby five-year-oldMary, Queen of Scots, is betrothed to the future KingFrancis II of France.^[19]
August 7 – Mary, Queen of Scots, leaves for France.^[20]
September 13 –Archduke Maximilian of Austria, is married to his first cousin,Maria of Spain, at the arrangement ofCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Maria's father and Maximilian's uncle. Charles, who also serves as King of Spain, makes the arrangement in order to have the couple serve as his regents while he travels to Germany.^[21]

October–December

October 1 – Archduke Maximilian and Princess Maria, who married 18 days earlier, become the co-regents of Spain as King Charles V departs for Germany to administer the affairs of the Holy Roman Empire. They serve untilPrince Philip, the first regent, returns from battle on July 12, 1551.^[22]
October 20 – Thecity ofLa Paz,Bolivia, is founded.^[23]
October 31 – At the firstsejm of KingSigismund II Augustus of Poland, deputies demand that the king renounce his wifeBarbara Radziwiłł.^[24]^[25]
November 11 –Worawongsathirat, ruler of theAyutthaya Kingdom ofThailand after usurping the throne on June 10, stages his coronation along with his wife,Si Sudachan. Both husband and wife had after both conspired to murder her son, King Yofta, in June.^[26] The King and Queen are assassinated on January 13, 1549.^[27]
December 17 –King João III ofPortugal, creates a colonial government of Brazil, with a capital atBahia, in order to maintain unity among various Portuguese captaincies (São Vicente,Nova Lusitania,Ilhéus andPorto Seguro) scattered along the coast.^[28] The document contains 48 articles governing the installation of the government, the organization of trade, measures for defense, treatment of the indigenous tribes, and policies toward foreigners. The King provides for a Governor-General, and appointsTomé de Sousa as the first officeholder.^[29]
December –Siam attacksTavoy, beginning theBurmese–Siamese War of 1548.

Births

Francisco Suarez

William V, Duke of Bavaria

January 5 –Francisco Suárez, Spanish priest, philosopher, theologian and saint (d.1617)^[30]
February 6 –Francesco Panigarola, Italian bishop (d.1594)^[31]
March 13 –Sasbout Vosmeer, Dutch Apostolic Vicar (d.1614)^[32]
March 17 –Honda Tadakatsu, Japanese general (d.1610)
March 18 –Cornelis Ketel, Dutch painter (d.1616)^[33]
April 15 –Pietro Cataldi, Italian mathematician (d.1626)^[34]
May –Carel van Mander, Dutch painter and poet (d.1606)^[35]
May 8 –Giacomo Boncompagni, illegitimate son ofPope Gregory XIII (d.1612)^[36]
May 10 –Antonio Priuli, Doge of Venice (d.1623)^[37]^[38]
July 8 –Kim Jang-saeng, Korean scholar and writer (d.1631)^[39]
July 15 –George III, Count of Erbach-Breuberg (1564–1605) (d.1605)^[40]
August 26 –Bernardino Poccetti, Italian painter (d.1612)^[41]
September 2 –Vincenzo Scamozzi, Italian architect (d.1616)^[42]
September 7 –Filippo Boncompagni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d.1586)^[43]
September 29 –William V, Duke of Bavaria (d.1626)^[44]
October 4 –Matsumae Yoshihiro, Japanese daimyō of Ezochi (Hokkaidō) (d.1616)
November 27 –Jacopo Mazzoni, Italian philosopher (d.1598)^[45]
December 30 –David Pareus, German theologian (d.1622)^[46]
approx. date –Ma Shouzhen, ChineseGējì, painter, playwright and poet (d.1604)^[47]
date unknown
- Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher, astronomer, and occultist (d.1600)^[48]
- Oda Nagamasu, Japanese nobleman (d.1622)
- Luis Barahona de Soto, Spanish poet (d.1595)^[49]
- William Stanley, English soldier (d.1630)^[50]
- Saitō Tatsuoki, Japanese daimyō (d.1573)^[51]
- Sidonia von Borcke, German noble and alleged witch (d.1620)^[52]
- Tomás Luis de Victoria, Spanish composer (d.1611)^[53]
- Fernando Ruiz de Castro Andrade y Portugal, Grandee of Spain (d.1601)^[54]
probable
- Francesco Andreini, Italian actor (d.1624)^[55]
- Francesco Soriano, Italian composer (d.1621)^[56]
- Mariangiola Criscuolo, Italian painter (d.1630)^[57]
- Simon Stevin, Flemish mathematician and engineer (d.1620)^[58]

Deaths

KingSigismund I the Old

SaintJuan de Zumarraga

Joao de Castro

January 9 –Matthäus Zell, German Lutheran pastor (b.1477)^[59]
January 23 –Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer (b.1490)^[60]
February 26 –Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (b.1514)^[61]
March 23 –Itagaki Nobukata, Japanese retainer
March 24 –Gissur Einarsson, first Lutheran bishop in Iceland
April 1 – KingSigismund I the Old of Poland (b.1467)^[8]
June 3 –Juan de Zumárraga, Spanish Catholic bishop of Mexico (b.1468)^[62]
June 6 –João de Castro, Portuguese explorer (b.1500)^[63]
June 14 –Carpentras, French composer (b. c.1470)^[64]
July 4 –Philip, Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg, German duke (b.1503)^[65]
July 29 –Gian Gabriele I of Saluzzo, Italian abbot, Marquess of Saluzzo (b.1501)^[66]
August 2 –Henry II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b.1507)^[67]
September 5 –Catherine Parr, sixth and last Queen ofHenry VIII of England (b. c.1512)^[68]
September 8 –John III of Pernstein, Bohemian land-owner, Governor of Moravia and Count of Kladsko (b.1487)^[69]
October 27 –Johannes Dantiscus, Polish poet and Bishop of Warmia (b.1485)^[70]
November 16 –Caspar Creuziger, German humanist (b.1504)^[71]
December 27 –Francesco Spiera, Italian Protestant jurist (b.1502)^[72]
date unknown
- Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, Mexican Catholic saint (b.1474)^[73]
- Chief QueenSri Suriyothai, consort of KingMaha Chakkrapat ofAyutthaya (killed in battle)^[74]
- Strongilah, Jewish Ottoman businesswoman.^[75]

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^Afyoncu, Erhan (June 7, 2013).Sahte Mesih; Osmanlı Belgeleri Işığında Dönmeliğin Kurucusu Sabatay Sevi ve Yahudiler (Yeditepe Yayınevi) (in Turkish). Yeditepe Yayınevi.ISBN 978-625-8396-54-6. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.Strongilah remained in the palace. She became a Muslim and took the name Fatma Hatun in mid-April 1548 and died a few months later.

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1548

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