Decade
The1380s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1380, and ended on December 31, 1389.
Events
1380 February –Olaf II of Denmark also becomesOlaf IV of Norway , with his mother Margrete (Margaret ) as regent.Iceland and theFaroe Islands , as parts ofNorway , pass under the Danish crown.[ 1] March 13 – The southern England town ofWinchelsea inEast Sussex is attacked and burned by an expeditionary force from France for a second time.[ 2] May 31 –Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila signs the secretTreaty of Dovydiškės , with theTeutonic Knights . This sparks a civil war with his uncleKęstutis .[ 3] June 21 –Battle of Chioggia : theVenetian fleet defeats the Genoese.[ 4] September 8 –Battle of Kulikovo : Russian forces under Grand PrinceDmitry Donskoy of Moscow resist a large invasion by theBlue Horde ,Lithuania andRyazan , stopping their advance.[ 5] [ 6] September 16 –Charles V of France is succeeded by his twelve-year-old son,Charles VI .[ 7] October 2 –Caterina Visconti marries her first cousin,Gian Galeazzo Visconti , later Duke of Milan, at the Church of San Giovanni in Conca.[ 8] November 3 –Charles VI of France , who succeeded his father (Charles V of France ) in September, is crowned.[ 9]
1381 March 14 –Chioggia concludes an alliance withZadar andTrogir againstVenice , which becomes changed in 1412 inŠibenik .June 12 –Peasants' Revolt : InEngland , rebels fromKent andEssex , led byWat Tyler andJack Straw , meet atBlackheath . There the rebels are encouraged by a sermon, by renegade priestJohn Ball .June 14 –Peasants' Revolt : Rebels destroyJohn of Gaunt 'sSavoy Palace in London and storm theTower of London , beheadingSimon Sudbury , who is bothArchbishop of Canterbury andLord Chancellor , and alsoRobert Hales ,Lord High Treasurer . KingRichard II of England (age 14) meets the leaders of the revolt and agrees to reforms such as fair rents and the abolition ofserfdom .June 15 –Peasants' Revolt : During further negotiations,Wat Tyler is murdered by the King's entourage. Noble forces subsequently overpower the rebel army. The rebel leaders are eventually captured and executed andRichard II revokes his concessions. The revolt is discussed inJohn Gower 'sVox Clamantis Froissart's Chronicles August –Kęstutis overthrows his nephew,Jogaila , asGrand Duke of Lithuania . Jogaila is allowed to remain as governor of easternLithuania . This marks the beginning of theLithuanian Civil War (1381–84) .Due toJoanna I of Naples ' support forAntipope Clement VII ,Pope Urban VI bestowsNaples uponCharles of Durazzo . With the help of theHungarians , Charles advances on Naples and captures Joanna.James of Baux , the ruler ofTaranto and theLatin Empire , claims thePrincipality of Achaea after Joanna's imprisonment. After a naval battle,Venice wins the three-yearWar of Chioggia againstGenoa . The Genoans are permanently weakened by the conflict. Hajji I succeeds Alah-ad-Din Ali asMamluk Sultan ofEgypt . The Egyptian government continues to be controlled by rebel leaderBarquq . Timur conquers eastPersia , ending the rule of theSarbadar dynasty.Sonam Drakpa deposes Drakpa Changchub as ruler ofTibet . TheMing dynasty of China annexes the areas of the oldKingdom of Dali , in modern-dayYunnan andGuizhou provinces, inhabited by theMiao andYao peoples. Hundreds of thousands of Chinese (including military colonists) will migrate there from the rest of China. InMing dynasty China, thelijia census registration system begun in1371 is now universally imposed, during the reign of theHongwu Emperor . The census counts 59,873,305 people living in China in this year. This depicts a drastic drop in population since theSong dynasty , which counted 100 million people at its height in the early 12th century. A modern historian states that the Ming census is inaccurate, as China at around this time has at least 65,000,000 inhabitants, if not 75,000,000.[ 12]
1382 January 20 – PrincessAnne of Bohemia , a daughter of the lateCharles IV, Holy Roman Emperor , becomes the Queen Consort of England by marryingKing Richard II ; the marriage produces no heirs before her death in 1395.May 12 – Charles of Durazzo executes the imprisonedJoanna I of Naples , and succeeds her asCharles III of Naples .May 21 –John Wycliffe 's teachings are condemned by the Synod of London, which becomes known as the "Earthquake Synod ", after its meetings are disrupted byan earthquake .[ 13] August – The iconic painting theBlack Madonna of Częstochowa is brought fromJerusalem , to theJasna Góra Monastery in Poland.September – Following the death ofLouis I of Hungary andPoland :Louis' daughterMary is crowned the "King" of Hungary. The Poles, who do not wish to be ruled by Mary's fiancee, the futureHoly Roman Emperor Sigismund , choose Mary's younger sister,Jadwiga , to become ruler of Poland. After two years of negotiations, Jadwiga is eventually crowned "King" in1384 . September 30 – The inhabitants ofTrieste (now in northern Italy) donate their city toDuke Leopold III of Austria .October –James I succeeds his nephew,Peter II , as King ofCyprus .October 20 –Winchester College is founded inEngland .November 27 –Battle of Roosebeke : A French army underLouis II, Count of Flanders defeats the Flemings, led byPhilip van Artevelde .November 27 – After a five-year revolt,Barquq deposesHajji II asMamluk Sultan of Egypt, marking the end of theBahri Dynasty andQalawunid Dynasty , and the start of theBurji Dynasty .[ 14] Ming dynasty conquest ofYunnan
KhanTokhtamysh of theGolden Horde overrunsMuscovy , as punishment for Grand PrinceDmitry Donskoy 's resistance to KhanMamai of theBlue Horde in the 1370s. Dmitry Donskoy pledges his loyalty to Tokhtamysh, and is allowed to remain as ruler of Moscow andVladimir . TheOttomans takeSofia from theBulgarians . Ibrahim I is selected to succeed Husheng, as Shah ofShirvan (nowAzerbaijan ).Kęstutis , theGrand Duke of Lithuania , is taken prisoner by former Grand DukeJogaila , whilst meeting him to hold negotiations. Kęstutis is subsequently murdered, and Jogaila regains the rule of Lithuania.Ahmed deposes his brother,Hussain , as ruler of theJalayirid Dynasty in westernPersia .Rana Lakha succeeds Rana Kshetra Singh, as ruler ofMewar (now part of western India). Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein succeedsWinrich von Kniprode , as Grand Master of theTeutonic Knights . Balša II ofZeta conquersAlbania .Dawit I succeeds his brotherNewaya Maryam , as Emperor ofEthiopia .Abraham bar Garib becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin.[ 15]
1383
1384 The Hongwu Emperor of China reinstates theImperial examination system for draftingscholar-officials to the civil service, after suspending the system since1373 , in favor of a recommendation system to office. TheNasrid princes ofAl-Andalus replace Abu al-Abbas with Abu Faris Musa ibn Faris, as ruler of theMarinid dynasty in modern-dayMorocco . Zain Al-Abidin succeeds his father, Shah Shuja, as ruler of theMuzaffarids in centralPersia . Shortly before his death,John Wycliffe sends outtracts againstPope Urban VI , who has not turned out to be the reformist Wycliffe had hoped. Qara Muhammad succeeds Bairam Khawaja, as ruler of theKara Koyunlu ("Black Sheep Turkomans"), in modern-dayArmenia and northernIraq . Timur conquers the northern territories of theJalayirid Empire, in westernPersia .Katharine Lady Berkeley's School is founded inGloucestershire , England.[ 19]
1385
1386 February 24 –Elizabeth of Bosnia , the mother of the overthrown QueenMary of Hungary andCroatia , arranges the assassination ofCharles III of Naples , the ruler ofHungary ,Naples ,Achaea and Croatia, with the result that:Mary is reinstated as Queen of Hungary and Croatia. Charles' son,Ladislaus , becomes King of Naples. A period ofinterregnum begins in Achaea, lasting until1396 . The rule of Achaea is sought by numerous pretenders, none of whom can be considered to have reigned. March 4 –Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila (having been baptised onFebruary 15 inWawel Cathedral ,Kraków , and onFebruary 18 marriedJadwiga , 12-year-old queen regnant of Poland) is crownedWładysław II Jagiełło ,King of Poland , beginning theJagiellonian dynasty .May 9 – KingJohn I of Portugal and KingRichard II of England ratify theTreaty of Windsor .[ 21] May 20 – Earliest recorded mention of the city ofPitești , in modern-day Romania.July 9 –Battle of Sempach : TheSwiss safeguard independence fromHabsburg rule.July –John of Gaunt leavesEngland to make goodhis claim to thethrone of Castile by right of his second marriage to Constanza of Castile in1371 .September 23 –Dan I of Wallachia (modern-day southernRomania ) is killed in battle against theBulgarians and is succeeded byMircea the Elder , one of the greatest rulers of Wallachia.October 18 –Heidelberg University (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg ), the oldest inGermany , is founded at the behest ofRupert I, Elector Palatine , by charter ofPope Urban VI .November 21 –Timur's invasions of Georgia :Timurid dynasty Turco-Mongol leaderTimur captures and sacks theGeorgian capital ofTbilisi , takingKing Bagrat V prisoner.
1387 Elizabeta Kotromanic , mother ofMary, Queen of Hungary and the regent ofHungary , is murdered in prison by the Croatian rebels (her daughter is liberated on4 June ).January 1 –Charles III ascends to the throne ofNavarre , after the death of his father,Charles II .[ 22] January 5 –John I succeeds his father,Peter IV , as King ofAragon andValencia , and forms an alliance with France and Castile.March 11 –Battle of Castagnaro :Padua , led byJohn Hawkwood , is victorious overGiovanni Ordelaffi ofVerona .March 24 –25 –Battle of Margate off the coast ofMargate : TheKingdom of England is victorious over aFranco -Castilian -Flemish fleet .June 2 –John Holland , a maternal half-brother ofRichard II of England , is createdEarl of Huntingdon .August 22 –Olaf , King of Norway and Denmark and claimant to the throne of Sweden, dies. The vacant thrones come under theregency of his motherMargaret I of Denmark , who will soon become queen in her own right.September 27 –Petru of Moldavia pays homage toWładysław II Jagiełło , making Moldavia a Polish fief (which it will remain until1497 ).December 19 –Battle of Radcot Bridge : Forces loyal toRichard II of England are defeated by a group of rebellious barons known as theLords Appellant . Richard II is imprisoned, until he agrees to replace all the councillors in his court.
1388 February – The entire court ofRichard II of England are convicted of treason by theMerciless Parliament , under the influence of theLords Appellant , and are all either executed or exiled. Richard II effectively becomes a puppet of the Lords Appellant.April 9 –Battle of Näfels :Glarus , in alliance with theOld Swiss Confederacy , decisively defeat theHabsburgs , despite being outnumbered sixteen to one.May 18 –Battle of Buyur Lake : A Chinese Ming invasion force under GeneralLan Yu defeats a largeMongolian army underUskhal Khan Tögüs Temür , and captures 100 members of theNorthern Yuan Dynasty . Uskhal Khan is killed whilst trying to escape, and is succeeded as Khan of Mongolia by his rival,Jorightu . The invading Chinese army destroysKarakorum , the capital of the Mongol Empire.[ 23] August 5 –Battle of Otterburn : A Scottish army, led byJames Douglas , defeats an English army, capturing their leader,Harry Hotspur . Douglas is killed during the battle.August 27 –Battle of Bileća : TheBosnians check theOttoman advance.December 12 –Maria of Enghien sells theLordship of Argos and Nauplia to theRepublic of Venice .Mircea I of Wallachia takes control of the region ofDobruja , thus preventing its occupation by the Ottomans.Petru of Moldavia receivesPokuttya , as a pawn for a loan to the Polish king.The revision ofWycliffe's Bible is completed byJohn Purvey , and Wyclif's followers, known as theLollards , begin to be persecuted inEngland . John of Gaunt , the uncle ofRichard II of England , makes peace withCastile and gives uphis claim to the Castilian throne , by allowing his daughterCatherine of Lancaster to marryPrince Henry , the eldest son ofJohn I of Castile .The title ofPrince of Asturias is created. Ramesuan is reinstated as King ofAyutthaya (modern-day southernThailand ), after dethroning and executing 17-year-old King Thong Lan.Goryeo Revolution: GeneralYi Seong-gye begins a four year revolution inGoryeo (modern-day Korea), after being ordered by KingU of Goryeo to attack the superior Chinese army. KingU is forced from power, and replaced by his sonChang . Tran Ngung overthrows Tran Hien as King ofVietnam . Omar I is succeeded by Sa'id, as King of theKanem-Bornu Empire (modern-day eastChad andNigeria ). Sa'id is succeeded in the same year by Kade Alunu. Omar and Sa'id are both killed byBilala invaders from the west. Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II succeedsFiruz Shah Tughlaq as Sultan ofDelhi .Charles VI of France takes complete control of the government, ending the regency of his uncle,Philip the Bold .TheUniversity of Cologne is established; by the 21st century it will be the largest university in Germany. Cozia Monastery is built inWallachia .Ljubostinja Monastery is built inSerbia .
1389 Mircea I of Wallachia and Polish kingWładysław II Jagiełło sign their first treaty, to protect their countries against Ottoman expansion.Goryeo Revolution in Korea (1388–1392): KingChang of Goryeo is forced from power and replaced by KingGongyang . The ten-year-old Chang and his predecessor,U , are both assassinated later in the year.Hadji II is restored asMamluk Sultan ofEgypt , after overthrowing SultanBarquq . With the backing ofAntipope John XXIII , supporters ofLouis II overthrow the underage KingLadislaus asKing of Naples . The newPope Boniface IX recognises Ladislaus's claim to the throne. Wikramawardhana succeedsHayam Wuruk , as ruler of theMajapahit Empire .The unpopular SultanTughluq Khan ofDelhi is murdered and succeeded by his brother,Abu Bakr Shah . Biri II succeeds Kade Alunu as King of theKanem-Bornu Empire (now easternChad andNigeria ), and the Empire loses its land in present-day Chad to theBilala . Sandaki overthrowsMagha II , asMansa of theMali Empire .Abd ar-Rahmân II succeeds Musa II as ruler of theZiyanid Dynasty, in present-day westernAlgeria . Abu Tashufin II succeeds his nephew,Abu Hammu II , as ruler of theAbdalwadid Dynasty in present-day easternAlgeria . Carmo Convent is built inLisbon ,Portugal .
Births 1380
1381
1382
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1384
1385
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1387
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Deaths 1380
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January 5 –Philippa Plantagenet , Countess of Ulster (b.1355 )February 8 –Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (b.1328 )February 15 –William de Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (b. c.1339 )April 5 –Janusz Suchywilk , Polish noblemanMay 12 – QueenJoanna I of Naples (b.1327 ) (murdered)July 11 –Nicole Oresme , French philosopher (b.1325 )August 3 orAugust 15 –Kęstutis , Grand Duke of Lithuania (b.1297 )August 13 –Eleanor of Aragon , queen ofJohn I of Castile (b.1358 )September 10 – KingLouis I of Hungary (b.1326 )[ 34] September 29 –'Izz al-Din ibn Rukn al-Din Mahmud , malik of SistanOctober 13 – KingPeter II of Cyprus October 18 –James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond (b.1331 )November 27 –Philip van Artevelde , Flemish patriot (b.1340 ) (killed in battle)Louis Fadrique , Count of Salonadate unknown –Newaya Maryam ,Emperor of Ethiopia1383
1384
January 30 –Louis II, Count of Flanders (b.1330 )May –William Douglas, 1st Earl of Douglas , Scottish magnate (b.c.1327 )June 8 –Kan'ami , Japanese actor and playwright (b.1333 )August 6 –Francesco I of Lesbos August 20 –Geert Groote , Dutch founder of the Brethren of the Common Life (b.1340 )September 10 –Joanna of Dreux , Countess of Penthievre and nominal Duchess of Brittany (b.1319 )September 20 –Louis I, Duke of Anjou (b.1339 )October –Joan Holland, Duchess of Brittany (b.1350 )December 23 –Thomas Preljubović , ruler of EpirusDecember 31 –John Wycliffe , English theologian, Bible translator and Catholic reform campaignerdate unknown probable –Liubartas , King of GaliciaMuhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili al-Jizzini also known as al-Shahid al-Awwal, author ofal-Lum'ah al-Dimashqiyah (b. ca1334 )1385
1386
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