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1266

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1266 by topic
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Art and literature
1266 in poetry
1266 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1266
MCCLXVI
Ab urbe condita2019
Armenian calendar715
ԹՎ ՉԺԵ
Assyrian calendar6016
Balinese saka calendar1187–1188
Bengali calendar672–673
Berber calendar2216
English Regnal year50 Hen. 3 – 51 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1810
Burmese calendar628
Byzantine calendar6774–6775
Chinese calendar乙丑年 (Wood Ox)
3963 or 3756
    — to —
丙寅年 (Fire Tiger)
3964 or 3757
Coptic calendar982–983
Discordian calendar2432
Ethiopian calendar1258–1259
Hebrew calendar5026–5027
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat1322–1323
 -Shaka Samvat1187–1188
 -Kali Yuga4366–4367
Holocene calendar11266
Igbo calendar266–267
Iranian calendar644–645
Islamic calendar664–665
Japanese calendarBun'ei 3
(文永３年)
Javanese calendar1176–1177
Julian calendar1266
MCCLXVI
Korean calendar3599
Minguo calendar646 beforeROC
民前646年
Nanakshahi calendar−202
Thai solar calendar1808–1809
Tibetan calendar阴木牛年
(female Wood-Ox)
1392 or 1011 or 239
    — to —
阳火虎年
(male Fire-Tiger)
1393 or 1012 or 240
Charles of Anjou (left) defeatsManfred of Sicily at theBattle of Benevento.

Year1266 (MCCLXVI) was acommon year starting on Friday of theJulian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Europe

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  • January 2 –Siege of Murcia: KingJames I of Aragon ("the Conqueror") marches with his army fromOrihuela and lays siege atMurcia on theSegura River. Skirmishes break out between the defenders and the Aragonese forces. The Muslim garrison, realizing that they are outnumbered and cut off from reinforcements, asks for terms. James offers to ask KingAlfonso X of Castile ("the Wise") to restore the Murcians' legal rights (see1244) from before the rebellion: self-government under Castilian suzerainty, freedom of worship, and preservation of lands and properties. They agree to this offer but request Alfonso's explicit agreement rather than just James' promise to ask him. James refuses to get Alfonso's agreement before the city surrenders. Finally, the Moors yield Murcia to James onJanuary 31. Seeing his standard on the walls, James enters the city onFebruary 3, accepting its surrender.[1]
  • February 26 –Battle of Benevento: Guelph forces (some 12,000 men), led byCharles of Anjou, brother of KingLouis IX of France, defeat a combined German and Sicilian army under KingManfred of Sicily, during a long-running power struggle inItaly. Manfred takes up a strong position nearBenevento. As the French infantry advances, he unleashes his Saracen archers and light cavalry, which scatters the French. But the Saracens leave themselves exposed to the French heavy cavalry, and are overwhelmed. Manfred orders his heavy cavalry (some 1,200 German mercenary knights) into the attack, but they are defeated by the Guelph forces, and take heavy losses. Manfred is killed, andPope Clement IV invests Charles as ruler ofSicily andNaples. Meanwhile,Michael II, despot ofEpirus, invadesAlbania, and recovers the lands that Manfred has taken from him.[2]
  • June – TheMudéjar revolt of 1264–1266 ends. The rebels make their formal submission to Alfonso X. They recognize the error that the Moors of Murcia have committed against their overlord Alfonso. Representatives of thealjama, or municipal council, renew their allegiance and humbly beg for pardon, mercy and favour. With this, the Mudéjar uprising in theKingdom of Murcia is formally ended.[3]
  • June 23 –Battle of Trapani: The Venetian fleet (24 galleys) led by AdmiralJacopo Dondulo moves toMarsala and attacks the larger Genoese fleet anchored atTrapani, capturing all its ships. Some 1,200 Genoese drown and many are killed. Dondulo is acclaimed a hero on his return toVenice in July and elected asCaptain General of the Sea, Venice's highest naval command position.[4]
  • July 2 –Treaty of Perth: KingAlexander III of Scotland agrees to a peace settlement with KingMagnus VI of Norway ("the Law-mender") in which theOuter Hebrides andIsle of Man are ceded toScotland in exchange for 4,000 marks. In return, Alexander confirms Norwegian sovereignty over the islands ofShetland andOrkney.[5]

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References

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  1. ^O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011).The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 46. University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN 978-0-8122-0463-6.
  2. ^Esposito, Gabriele (2019).Armies of the Medieval Italian Wars 1125–1325, p. 39. Bloomsbury Publishing.ISBN 9781472833426.
  3. ^O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (2011).The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle of the Strait, p. 47. University of Pennsylvania Press.ISBN 978-0-8122-0463-6.
  4. ^Stanton, Charles D. (2015).Medieval Maritime Warfare, p. 165. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword.ISBN 978-1-4738-5643-1.
  5. ^"When Hebrideans were offered a new start in Norway".Scotsman. RetrievedApril 27, 2018.
  6. ^abWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 144–146.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  7. ^Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 86–88.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  8. ^Andrew Roberts (2011).Great Commanders of the Medieval World (454–1582), pp. 194–196.ISBN 978-0-85738-589-5.
  9. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 268.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  10. ^"Manfred - king of Sicily".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedApril 27, 2018.
  11. ^"Malcolm (II), earl of Fife (d.1266)".db.poms.ac.uk. RetrievedApril 27, 2018.
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