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1234

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the year 1234. For the number, see1234 (number). For other uses, see1234 (disambiguation).

Year1234 (MCCXXXIV) was acommon year starting on Sunday (full calendar displayed in the link) of theJulian calendar.

Calendar year

Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
12th century 13th century 14th century
Decades
1210s 1220s 1230s 1240s 1250s
Years
1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 1236 1237
v t e

Battle between Mongol warriors and Jin horsemen, during theMongol conquest of the Jin dynasty from theJami' al-tawarikh, byRashid al-Din Hamadani

Events

By place

Europe

KingCanute II of Sweden ("the Tall") dies after a five-year reign. His rival,Eric XI ("the Lisp and Lame"), returns as ruler ofSweden (possibly after a civil war between the two of them). It is also possible that Canute dies of natural causes, and Eric peacefully then returns as king.
KingAndrew II of Hungary proclaims his son,Coloman of Galicia, as ruler (orban) ofBosnia, who passes it on toPrijezda, a cousin ofMatej Ninoslav, despite Matej being the legitimate ruler.
Reconquista – KingSancho II of Portugal conquers the cities ofAljustrel andMértola from theMoors.^[1]

Mongol Empire

February 9 –Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty: The Mongol army led byÖgedei Khan captures the Jin capital atCaizhou, after the two-monthSiege of Caizhou).Emperor Aizong of Jin abdicates the throne toWanyan Chenglin, a descendant of the Jin imperial clan. After the Mongol and Song forces have breached the city walls, Aizong tries to escape, but commits suicide to avoid being captured. This marks the end of theJin dynasty (1115–1234) ('Great Jin') in China.^[2]

Africa

TheManden region rises against theKaniaga Kingdom. This is the beginning of a process that will lead to the rise of theMali Empire.^[3]

By topic

Religion

November –Pope Gregory IX proclaims war on the city ofRome after a local revolt forces him into exile.^[4] He issues the papal bullRachel suum videns, calling for a newcrusade to theHoly Land.^[5]
Lund Cathedral inSweden is heavily damaged in a catastrophic fire. Large donations are made to the church, to rebuild the cathedral.

Births

February 27 –Abaqa Khan, Mongol ruler of theIlkhanate (d.1282)
Christina of Norway, Infanta of Castile, princess (d.1262)
Kaliman I, emperor (tsar) ofBulgaria (d.1246)
Conrad of Ascoli, Italian friar and missionary (d.1289)
Ippen (or Zuien), JapaneseBuddhist monk (d. 1289)
Manuel of Castile, Spanish prince (infante) (d.1283)
Margaret of Holland, Dutch noblewoman (d.1276)
Ou Shizi, ChineseConfucian scholar (d.1324)

Deaths

January 7 –Robert of Auvergne, bishop ofClermont
February 9
- Aizong of Jin, Chinese emperor (b.1198)
- Mo of Jin (or Hudun), Chinese emperor
April 7 –Sancho VII ("the Strong"), king ofNavarre
April 16 –Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, Englishnobleman (b.1191)
May 7 –Otto I, Duke of Merania, German nobleman and knight (b.1180)
June 18 –Chūkyō, emperor (tennō) ofJapan (b.1218)
July 19 –Floris IV, Count of Holland, Dutch nobleman and knight (b.1210)
July 29 –William Pinchon, Frenchprelate and bishop
August 7 –Hugh Foliot, bishop ofHereford (b.1155)
August 31 –Go-Horikawa, emperor of Japan (b.1212)
September 6 –Milo of Nanteuil, bishop ofBeauvais
September 26 –Eudes II, Lord of Ham, French nobleman
November 8 –Baha ad-Din ibn Shaddad, Arab historian (b.1145)
Abu Muhammad Salih al-Majiri, AlmohadSufi leader (b. 1155)
Alan of Galloway, Scottish nobleman
Canute II ("the Tall"), king ofSweden (House of Folkung)
Dalfi d'Alvernha, Count of Clermont and Montferrand, French nobleman, troubador and patron of the arts (b. c. 1150)
Helen of Galloway, Scottish noblewoman and heiress
Hugh de Neville, EnglishChief Forester and sheriff
Ibn al-Farid, Arab poet, writer and philosopher (b.1181)
Minamoto no Ienaga, Japanesewaka poet (b.1170)
Nasir ad-Din Mahmud II, Zengid ruler
Pacificus, Italian-born friar and poet
Renard II of Dampierre-en-Astenois (or Renaud), French nobleman and knight
Rhys Gryg (Rhys ap Rhys), Welsh prince ofDeheubarth
Robert III, Count of Dreux ("Gasteblé"), French nobleman (b.1185)
Shihab al-Din 'Umar al-Suhrawardi, PersianSufi scholar (b. 1145)
William of Andres, Frenchabbot and historian
Zhang Yuansu, Chinese physician and writer

References

^Picard, Christophe (2000).Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle. L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 110.ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
^Beck, Sanderson. "Liao, Xi Xia, and Jin Dynasties 907–1234".China 7 BC to 1279.
^Conrad, David C. (2001). "Reconstructing oral tradition: Souleymane Kanté's approach to writing Mande history".Mande Studies.3:147–200.doi:10.2979/mnd.2001.a873349.
^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
^Krötzl, Christian; Kuuliala, Jenni; Mustakallio, Katariina (March 9, 2016).Infirmity in Antiquity and the Middle Ages.Taylor & Francis. p. 108.ISBN 9781317116950.

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