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1220

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Calendar year
Millennium:2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1220 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births –Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments –Disestablishments
Art and literature
1220 in poetry
1220 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1220
MCCXX
Ab urbe condita1973
Armenian calendar669
ԹՎ ՈԿԹ
Assyrian calendar5970
Balinese saka calendar1141–1142
Bengali calendar626–627
Berber calendar2170
English Regnal year4 Hen. 3 – 5 Hen. 3
Buddhist calendar1764
Burmese calendar582
Byzantine calendar6728–6729
Chinese calendar己卯年 (Earth Rabbit)
3917 or 3710
    — to —
庚辰年 (Metal Dragon)
3918 or 3711
Coptic calendar936–937
Discordian calendar2386
Ethiopian calendar1212–1213
Hebrew calendar4980–4981
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat1276–1277
 -Shaka Samvat1141–1142
 -Kali Yuga4320–4321
Holocene calendar11220
Igbo calendar220–221
Iranian calendar598–599
Islamic calendar616–617
Japanese calendarJōkyū 2
(承久２年)
Javanese calendar1128–1129
Julian calendar1220
MCCXX
Korean calendar3553
Minguo calendar692 beforeROC
民前692年
Nanakshahi calendar−248
Thai solar calendar1762–1763
Tibetan calendar阴土兔年
(female Earth-Rabbit)
1346 or 965 or 193
    — to —
阳金龙年
(male Iron-Dragon)
1347 or 966 or 194
Conquests ofGenghis Khan and his sons during his reign (r. 1206–1227)

Year1220 (MCCXX) was aleap year starting on Wednesday of theJulian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Fifth Crusade

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  • July – The Crusaders, led by theKnights Hospitaller, raidBurlus, located in theNile Delta inEgypt. The town is pillaged, but the knights are ambushed on their return, and several Hospitallers, including Grand MasterGuérin de Montaigu, are captured. Meanwhile, SultanAl-Kamil sends an Egyptian squadron down theRosetta branch of theNile. It sails toCyprus, where it finds a Crusader fleet lying offLimassol. During the attack, they sink and capture all the ships, taking many thousands of prisoners.[1]
  • Summer – The Crusader army is trapped by a Nile flood atDamietta. CardinalPelagius sends a Venetian squadron to intercept the Egyptian fleet, and attacks the harbours of Rosetta andAlexandria, but to no effect. Lack of money prevents Pelagius from building a sufficient number of ships, and the papal treasury can not spare him anymore. In September more of the Crusaders return home.[2]

Mongol Empire

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  • Spring – The Mongol army (some 100,000 men) led byGenghis Khan crosses theKyzylkum Desert – a freezing sand-and-tussock wilderness of some 450 kilometers – towardsBukhara. Meanwhile,Muhammad II, ruler of theKhwarazmian Empire, prepares a strong defense around his capitalSamarkand. In February, Genghis approaches Bukhara, which is defended by a garrison of some 20,000 men, and begins theSiege of Bukhara. The city leaders open the gates to the Mongols, but Turkish forces who defend the city's citadel hold out for another twelve days.[3] In a speech at the city's Friday Mosque, Genghis declares "I am the punishment of God."[4]
  • March – Mongol forces led by Genghis Khan besiege Samarkand, the city is defended by some 40,000 men, including a brigade of 20 war elephants. On the third day, the garrison launches a counter-attack, the defenders sent out their elephants, which panic, turn and trample their own men before escaping onto the open plain. Muhammad II attempts to relieve Samarkand twice but is driven back. After a week, the remainder of the garrison surrenders. The city's inhabitants, numbering some 100,000 are enslaved or slaughtered.[5]
  • Summer – Muhammad II flees westwards across northernIran, hoping to find safety in the rugged and isolated region ofMazandaran on the southern coast of theCaspian Sea. He is pursued by 20,000 Mongol forces led bySubutai andJebe (the Arrow). Abandoned by the remnants of his panic-stricken troops, Muhammad seeks shelter on a small island nearAstara. There he dies ofpleurisy some weeks later. He is succeeded by his sonJalal al-Din Mangburni, who is forced to flee toIndia after theMongol invasion (see1219).[6]
  • Autumn – Genghis Khan moves against the wealthy city ofUrgench. He is joined by his eldest sonJochi, now conqueror of half a dozen lesser towns who attacks it from the north. Despite a stout defense, the city is taken after a 5-months siege. The Mongols have to fight for Urgench street by street, razing many houses. Jochi is given the right to loot the city for himself, but prefers to negotiate with the locals to avoid property damage. This is refused by Genghis, who removes Jochi from command and appointsÖgedei instead.[7]
  • November – Genghis Khan dispatches his youngest sonTolui, at the head of an army (around 50,000 men), into the Khwarazmian province ofKhorasan. His forces also include 300 catapults, 700mangonels to discharge pots filled withnaphtha, 4,000 storming-ladders, and 2,500 sacks of earth for filling up moats. Among the first cities to fall isTermez (captured after a two-day siege) and laterBalkh.[8]

United Kingdom

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Europe

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Levant

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By topic

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Religion

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Education

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 139.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  2. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 139–140.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  3. ^John Man (2011).Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, pp. 193–194.ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.
  4. ^According to:Juvaini, Ata-Malik (c. 1260).Tarikh-i Jahangushayتاریخ جهانگشای [History of the World Conqueror] (in Persian). Vol. 1. Translated byBoyle, John Andrew. p. 105.
  5. ^John Man (2011).Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection, p. 202.ISBN 978-0-553-81498-9.
  6. ^David Nicolle and Viacheslav Shpakovsky (2001). Osprey:Kalka River 1223: Genghis Khan's Mongols invade Russia, p. 14.ISBN 1-84176-233-4.
  7. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 205.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  8. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 206.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  9. ^Hywel Williams (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 135.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  10. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 144.ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  11. ^abSutton, Ian (1999).Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson.ISBN 978-0-500-20316-3.
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