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1194

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Calendar year
Millennium:2nd millennium
Centuries:
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Years:
1194 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births –Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments –Disestablishments
Art and literature
1194 in poetry
1194 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1194
MCXCIV
Ab urbe condita1947
Armenian calendar643
ԹՎ ՈԽԳ
Assyrian calendar5944
Balinese saka calendar1115–1116
Bengali calendar600–601
Berber calendar2144
English Regnal year5 Ric. 1 – 6 Ric. 1
Buddhist calendar1738
Burmese calendar556
Byzantine calendar6702–6703
Chinese calendar癸丑年 (Water Ox)
3891 or 3684
    — to —
甲寅年 (Wood Tiger)
3892 or 3685
Coptic calendar910–911
Discordian calendar2360
Ethiopian calendar1186–1187
Hebrew calendar4954–4955
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat1250–1251
 -Shaka Samvat1115–1116
 -Kali Yuga4294–4295
Holocene calendar11194
Igbo calendar194–195
Iranian calendar572–573
Islamic calendar590–591
Japanese calendarKenkyū 5
(建久５年)
Javanese calendar1101–1102
Julian calendar1194
MCXCIV
Korean calendar3527
Minguo calendar718 beforeROC
民前718年
Nanakshahi calendar−274
Seleucid era1505/1506AG
Thai solar calendar1736–1737
Tibetan calendar阴水牛年
(female Water-Ox)
1320 or 939 or 167
    — to —
阳木虎年
(male Wood-Tiger)
1321 or 940 or 168
A coin ofFrederick II (1194–1250)

Year1194 (MCXCIV) was acommon year starting on Saturday of theJulian calendar.

Events

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By place

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England

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Europe

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  • Spring –Casimir II the Just, High Duke ofPoland, organizes an expedition against the BalticYotvingians. The expedition ends with full success, and Casimir has a triumphant return inKraków. OnMay 5, after a banquet, which is held to celebrate his return, Casimir dies unexpectedly (possibly poisoned). He is succeeded by his eldest surviving sonLeszek the White, who has to face strong opposition from his uncleMieszko III the Old.
  • July 3 –Battle of Fréteval: English forces under Richard I defeat Philip II, and capture the Frenchbaggage train. It contains the royal archives – including a list of the treasure of the French kingdom (transported in a wagon behind the army). Philip withdraws across theRiver Epte, where the bridge collapses under the weight of the retreating army. Meanwhile, Richard sacks the town ofÉvreux, which is a possession of Philip's ally, John.[4]
  • November 20 – EmperorHenry VI enforces the inheritance claims by his wife,Constance I, against her illegitimate nephew, KingTancred of Lecce (who died onFebruary 20). He takesPalermo (supported by the navy ofPisa andGenoa) and gains control of all ofSicily – ending Norman rule inItaly after 90 years.[3]
  • December 25 – Henry VI deposes the 8-year-oldWilliam III (son of Tancred de Lecce) and is crowned king of Sicily. The next day, Constance I, who stays in the town ofIesi, gives birth toFrederick II, the future emperor of theHoly Roman Empire.[5]

Levant

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Seljuk Empire

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China

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Mesoamerica

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By topic

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Commerce

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  • May 2 – Richard I grantsPortsmouth market-town status with a royal charter. He orders the construction of docks onThe Solent – having seen that the harbour is a perfect base for trade and the English fleet.[9]

Economy and society

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  • Hubert Walter, vice-regent in the absence of Richard I, institutes the office of coroner to keep records of crown pleas. He also presides over the feudal judgment of John and makes an inquiry into land tenure.[3]

Religion

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 129–131.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  2. ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 73–75.ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  3. ^abcWilliams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 131. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  4. ^John Gillingham (2002).Richard I, p. 285. Yale University Press.ISBN 978-0-300-09404-6.
  5. ^Horst Fuhrmann (1986).Germany in the High Middle Ages: c. 1050–1200, p. 181. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-31980-5.
  6. ^Burgtorf, Jochen (2016).The Antiochene War of Succession, p. 199. In Boas, Adrian J. (ed.).The Crusader World. University of Wisconsin Press.ISBN 978-0-415-82494-1.
  7. ^Grousset, René (1970).The Empire of the Steppes. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
  8. ^Grousset, René (1959).The Rise and Splendour of the Chinese Empire. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 303.
  9. ^Quail, Sarah (1994).The Origins of Portsmouth and the First Charter, pp. 14–18. City of Portsmouth.ISBN 0-901559-92-X.
  10. ^Sutton, Ian (1999).Architecture, from Ancient Greece to the Present. London: Thames & Hudson.ISBN 978-0-500-20316-3.
  11. ^"Carthusian Monastery of Escaladei".Monuments de Catalunya. Generalitat de Catalunya. RetrievedNovember 26, 2023.
  12. ^"Frederick II | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts".Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedSeptember 29, 2020.
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