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1147

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Calendar year
Years
Millennium
2nd millennium
Centuries
Decades
Years
1147 by topic
Leaders
Birth and death categories
Births –Deaths
Establishments and disestablishments categories
Establishments –Disestablishments
Art and literature
1147 in poetry
1147 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1147
MCXLVII
Ab urbe condita1900
Armenian calendar596
ԹՎ ՇՂԶ
Assyrian calendar5897
Balinese saka calendar1068–1069
Bengali calendar553–554
Berber calendar2097
English Regnal year12 Ste. 1 – 13 Ste. 1
Buddhist calendar1691
Burmese calendar509
Byzantine calendar6655–6656
Chinese calendar丙寅年 (Fire Tiger)
3844 or 3637
    — to —
丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit)
3845 or 3638
Coptic calendar863–864
Discordian calendar2313
Ethiopian calendar1139–1140
Hebrew calendar4907–4908
Hindu calendars
 -Vikram Samvat1203–1204
 -Shaka Samvat1068–1069
 -Kali Yuga4247–4248
Holocene calendar11147
Igbo calendar147–148
Iranian calendar525–526
Islamic calendar541–542
Japanese calendarKyūan 3
(久安３年)
Javanese calendar1053–1054
Julian calendar1147
MCXLVII
Korean calendar3480
Minguo calendar765 beforeROC
民前765年
Nanakshahi calendar−321
Seleucid era1458/1459AG
Thai solar calendar1689–1690
Tibetan calendarམེ་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་
(male Fire-Tiger)
1273 or 892 or 120
    — to —
མེ་མོ་ཡོས་ལོ་
(female Fire-Hare)
1274 or 893 or 121
Conrad III arrives atConstantinople

Year1147 (MCXLVII) was acommon year starting on Wednesday of theJulian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Second Crusade

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  • Late spring – An expedition of Crusaders and Englishmen, together with forces fromFlanders,Frisia,Scotland and some German polities, leaves fromDartmouth inEngland for theHoly Land. Leadership is provided byHervey de Glanvill, a Norman nobleman and constable ofSuffolk, who leads a fleet of some 200 ships. Bad weather forces them to take refuge at the mouth of theDouro River, on the Portuguese coast, onJune 16.
  • May –July – A German expeditionary force (some 20,000 men) under KingConrad III leavesRegensburg and passes intoHungary. The Germannobility is headed by Conrad's nephew and heir,Frederick I, duke ofSwabia. OnJuly 20, Conrad crosses into theByzantine Empire, and reachesSofia – whereMichael Palaiologos (a nephew of EmperorManuel I) gives Conrad an official welcome and provides the Crusaders with food.[1]
  • June – A French expeditionary force (some 18,000 men) led by KingLouis VII departs fromMetz and travels throughBavaria. Louis is accompanied by the French nobility and his wife, QueenEleanor of Aquitaine, heiress ofFrance. At Regensburg, where the force arrives onJune 29, the Crusaders journey peaceably for fifteen days through Hungary and reach the Byzantine frontier at the end of August.[2]
  • July 1–October 25 –Siege of Lisbon: KingAfonso I of Portugal conquersLisbon from theTaifa of Badajoz after a four-month siege, with support of English, Flemish and German Crusaders.[3] The garrison surrenders on the guarantee that their lives will be spared. The Crusaders break the terms and take part in a bloody massacre.[4] Afonso rules from his capital atCoimbra, takesSintra andSantarém, and sacksPalmela.[5]
  • September 7 – The German crusaders suffer a natural disaster nearConstantinople, when part of their encampment is swept away by a flash flood with considerable loss of life. EmperorManuel I Komnenos orders the Crusaders to cross toAsia Minor by theHellespont. Conrad III ignores the advice of Manuel and after some minor clashes with the Byzantines, pushes towards Constantinople.[6]
  • September 10 – The German crusaders under Conrad III reach Constantinople, where there is a frosty exchange of letters between Conrad and Manuel I. The German forces make camp atGalata on the northern shore of theGolden Horn. Manuel orders that a full-scale effort must be made to transport the Germans, who are causing troubles by sacking thePhilopatium, across theBosporus.[7]
  • Autumn – Conrad III decides not to wait for the French and crosses the Bosporus into Asia Minor. He leads the German crusader army toNicomedia, and divides his forces into two divisions. Conrad takes the knights and his professional soldiers across Seljuk central territory while thebaggage train, pilgrims and a defending force under BishopOtto of Freising travel along theAegean coast.[8]
  • October 4–5 – Louis VII arrives at Constantinople and joins with forces fromSavoy underAmadeus III (his uncle) – who have taken the land route throughItaly. Louis crosses the Bosporus, and leads the French crusader army into Asia Minor – where he hears inNicaea of Conrad's defeat at the end of October. Louis sends a military escort for Conrad and agrees to rendezvous atLopardium.[9] The German crusaders under Otto of Freising follow the coastal road before turning inland, up theGediz River valley toPhiladelphia. Otto's force is ambushed by the Seljuk Turks, just outsideLaodicea, losing many men killed or taken prisoner. Otto and the survivors struggle on toAdalia, from where they sail for the Holy Land. Others attempt to continue along the southern coast ofAnatolia.[8]
  • October 25 –Battle of Dorylaeum: The German crusaders under Conrad III are defeated by the Seljuk Turks led by SultanMesud I. Conrad is forced to turn back and is wounded by arrows during the retreat to Nicaea. In Seljuk territory the Crusaders are harassed all the way and demoralised by the intensified attacks. Many of the weakest people fall behind and are captured by the Muslims.[10]
  • November – The combined forces of Louis VII and Conrad III meet at Lopardium and march along the coastal road viaPergamon andSmyrna toEphesus, where they celebrateChristmas. Conrad, still suffering from his wounds, sails back to Constantinople to be placed under the care of Manuel's own physicians. Meanwhile, the Crusader camp is attacked by Turkish raiders near Ephesus.[11]
  • December 24 –Battle of Ephesus: The French crusaders under Louis VII leave Ephesus, and ascend theMeander Valley. Louis is warned by messengers of Manuel that Seljuk andDanishmendid forces are assembling west of Adalia. Louis ignores the advice and successfully fends off an ambush just outside Ephesus.[12]

Europe

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Levant

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Africa

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By topic

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Religion

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 211–212.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  2. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 213–214.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  3. ^King John by Warren. Published by University of California Press in 1961. p. 67.
  4. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 210.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  5. ^Picard, Christophe (2000).Le Portugal musulman (VIIIe-XIIIe siècle). L'Occident d'al-Andalus sous domination islamique. Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose. p. 109.ISBN 2-7068-1398-9.
  6. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 217.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  7. ^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 42.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
  8. ^abDavid Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 46.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
  9. ^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 37.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
  10. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 220.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  11. ^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 50.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
  12. ^Christopher Tyerman (2006).God's War: A New History of the Crusades, p. 326. Penguin Books.
  13. ^Christiansen, Eric (1997).The Northern Crusades, p. 53. Penguin Books.ISBN 978-0-14-026653-5.
  14. ^Barraclough, Geoffrey (1984).The Origins of Modern Germany, p. 263. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.ISBN 0-393-30153-2.
  15. ^Rogers, Clifford J. (2010).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology: Vol. 1, p. 36. Oxford University Press.ISBN 978-0195334036.
  16. ^David Nicolle (2009).The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster outside Damascus, p. 39.ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4.
  17. ^Steven Runciman (1952).A History of The Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 195–196.ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
  18. ^Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 2010. pp. 15–16.ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
  19. ^Bresc, Henri (2003)."La Sicile et l'espace libyen au Moyen Age"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. RetrievedMay 9, 2022.
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