One hundred years, from 901 to 1000
Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 10th century The10th century was the period from901 (represented by theRoman numerals CMI) through1000 (M) in accordance with theJulian calendar , and the last century of the1st millennium .
In China, theSong dynasty was established, with most of China reuniting after the fall of theTang dynasty and the followingFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period . TheMuslim World experienced acultural zenith , especially inal-Andalus under theCaliphate of Córdoba and in theSamanid Empire underIsmail Samani . TheAbbasid Caliphate continued to exist but with reduced central authority. Additionally, there was a cultural flourishing for theByzantine Empire , which also reconquered some lost territories, and theFirst Bulgarian Empire , as well as theHoly Roman Empire during theOttonian Renaissance . The historianLynn White mentions of the period that "to the modern eye, it is very nearly the darkest of theDark Ages ... if it was dark, it was the darkness of the womb".[ 1] Caesar Baronius described it as the Iron Century, because it was 'iron in its harshness and in its sterility of goodness', whileLorenzo Valla gave it the similar name "Age of Lead and Iron".[ 2] : 2
This statue of ayogini goddess was created in Kaveripakkam inTamil Nadu ,India , during the 10th century. Buddhist temple construction commences atBagan ,Burma Seafarers and merchants fromChampa had contacts with Brunei andMa-i .[ 4] 907 :Zhu Quanzhong deposesEmperor Ai of Tang and establishes a newLater Liang dynasty.907:Sumbing volcano erupts, according to Rukam inscription.China in 923, during theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 907: KingBalitung creates theMantyasih inscription containing the list ofMataram kings, moves the capital from Mamratipura to Poh Pitu, and expands Prambanan temple. 910 :Parantaka I of theChola dynasty drives out thePandyan from southernIndia into Lanka (nowSri Lanka ), which he also eventually conquers.914 : TheWarmadewa dynasty rulesBali .[ 5] 919 : the first use ofgunpowder in battle occurs with the ChineseBattle of Langshan Jiang (Wolf Mountain River), where theWuyue naval fleet underQian Yuanguan defeats theWu fleet. Qian had usedflamethrowers ignited by gunpowder fuses to burn the Wu fleet.928 :Ziyarid dynasty is established in northern Iran.928: During the reign ofKing Wawa , the capital ofMataram kingdom inKewu Plain is devastated, probably by the massive eruption ofMount Merapi . 929 :Mpu Sindok moves the seat of power of the Mataram Kingdom from Kewu Plain inCentral Java to Tamwlang inEast Java and establishesIsyana dynasty . The shift is probably as a result of the eruption of Mount Merapi and/or invasion fromSrivijaya .[ 6] 930s :Persian Shia Buyid dynasty establishes and controls central and western part ofIran as well as most ofIraq .936 :Goryeo dynasty unifiesLater Three Kingdoms of Korea .938 :Battle of Bạch Đằng with a victory for theTĩnh Hải Quân forces under the rule ofNgô Quyền put an end to nearly 1,000 years ofChinese imperial domination inVietnam and marked a new beginning to the Vietnamese history.[ 7] 937 :Mpu Sindok moves the capital again from Tamwlang to Watugaluh, both near bank ofBrantas River in modernJombang inEast Java .960 :Zhao Kuangyin establishesSong dynasty .960:Seljuks convert to Islam. 965 :Khazar kingdom is attacked and defeated byKievan Rus .971 :Song dynasty recorded the ancient sovereign state ofMa-i on the list of states conducting trade in the south seas and the government's efforts to regulate and tax this "luxurious" trade.975 :Ghaznavids dynasty, as the firstTurk Sultanate , was established inCentral Asia .979 : Song dynasty reunites China.980 : Dynastic marriage between princessMahendradatta of JavaneseIsyanas and kingUdayana of BalineseWarmadewas .Coastal cities on theMalay Peninsula are the seed for the first recordedMalay kingdoms . 990 : KingDharmawangsa of Mataram kingdom launches a naval invasion onPalembang in an unsuccessful attempt to conquer Srivijaya. (to 1006)990:Airlangga , son of King Udayana and Queen Mahendradatta was born in Bali. 996 : Dharmawangsa commissioned the translation of theMahabharata intoOld Javanese .[ 8] 999 :Samanid dynasty was defeated and conquered byGhaznavids .The Bulgarian victory atAnchialos . Viking groups settle in northern France.907 : Three German armies led byLuitpold , Margrave of Bavaria, which entered the Hungarian territory in order to expel the Hungarians from the Carpathian Basin, is annihilated by the Hungarian army at theBattle of Pressburg .Foundation ofCluny , first federatedmonastic order. EmperorSimeon the Great solidifies theFirst Bulgarian Empire as one of the most powerful states in Europe. Incursions ofMagyar (Hungarian) cavalry throughout Western Europe (47 expeditions inGermany ,Italy andFrance ,899 –970 ). Collapse ofGreat Moravia . Lions become extinct in Europe by this date, with the last dying inCaucasus .907 : Loire Vikings overrunBrittany ; Breton court flees to theEngland ofEdward the Elder .911 : The VikingRollo grantedCounty of Rouen byFrance : official foundation ofNormandy .917 : (20 August 917) theBulgarians destroyed the Byzantine army in theBattle of Anchialus , one of the bloodiest battles in the Middle Ages.927 : official recognition of the first independent national Church in Europe, theBulgarian Patriarchate .Political divisions within England, 10th century. 927:Kingdom of England becomes a unified state. c.936 :Gorm the Old becomes the first recognized king ofDenmark , and thus the Danish Monarchy is founded. 936:Alan II , with support fromÆthelstan , commences the reconquest ofBrittany . 955 :The Battle of Lechfeld (10 August 955) sees a decisive victory forOtto I the Great, King of the Germans, over the Hungarianharka Bulcsú and the chieftainsLél (Lehel) andSúr .966 :Mieszko I , first duke ofPoland , baptised a Christian.968 :Battle of Silistra between Kievan Rus and Bulgars.985 –986 : TheNorseman Erik the Red begins the colonisation ofGreenland .925 : The medieval Croatian state becomes aunified kingdom under KingTomislav 988 :Vladimir I , Prince ofKievan Rus' , baptised a Christianc.1000 : Establishment of theEastern Settlement andWestern Settlement inGreenland . 1000:Sweyn Forkbeard conquersNorway . Second half of the 10th century: Page with David the Psalmist, from theParis Psalter , is made. It is now kept atBibliothéque Nationale ,Paris . Late 10th or early 11th century: TheArchangel Michael icon, is made. It is now kept at theTreasury of the Cathedral of Saint Mark ,Venice . [ edit ] Earliest known representation of a gun (afire lance ) and agrenade (upper right), from the cave murals ofDunhuang , China, 10th century. ^ Quoted inThe Tenth Century: How Dark the Dark Ages? , edited by Robert Sabatino Lopez. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: 1959. ^ Barrow, Julia. "Authority and Reform. Historiographical Frameworks for Understanding Tenth and Eleventh-Century Bishops."The Medieval Low Countries 6 (2019): 9-25. ^ E. Mann, Michael (2009)."Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly" (PDF) .Science .326 (5957): 1257.Bibcode :2009Sci...326.1256M .doi :10.1126/science.1177303 .PMID 19965474 . Retrieved26 August 2022 . ^ "Asian maritime & trade chronology to 1700 CE" .Maritime Asia .^ Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.52 ^ Spuler, Bertold; F.R.C. Bagley (31 December 1981).The Muslim world : a historical survey, Part 4 ISBN 978-90-04-06196-5 ^ Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993),Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư , page 53, Peripheral Records vol. 5, "Kỷ Nam Bắc Phân Tranh"^ Soekmono, R, Drs., Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 2, 2nd ed. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 1973, 5th reprint edition in 1988 p.51 Raita Steyn . (2019).Gudit, a Jewish Queen of Aksum? Some Considerations on the Sources and Modern Scholarship, and the Use of Legends. Journal for Semitics. 28. 10.25159/2663-6573/6003.
Millennia Centuries Decades Years
