10thNational Assembly ofMauritania
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Overview
Legislative body	National Assembly
Term	19 June 2023 (2023-06-19)[1] –
Election	13 and 27 May 2023
Website	www.parlement.mr
Deputies
Members	176
President	Mohamed Ould Meguett(El Insaf)
1st Vice-President	Moussa Demba Sow(El Insaf)
2nd Vice-President	Ahmedou Ould M'Balla(Tewassoul)
3rd Vice-President	Ousmane Racine Sanghott(UDP)
4th Vice-President	Fatimetou Mint Habib(El Insaf)
5th Vice-President	Isselmou Ould Khatry(El Insaf)
Sessions
Inaugural 19 June 2023[2] – 21 June 2023[2] First 23 June 2023[3] – 1 August 2023[4]

The10th National Assembly is the current meeting of theNational Assembly, the unicameral chamber of theMauritanian Parliament, with the membership determined by the results of theparliamentary election held on 13 and 27 May 2023.

The2023 Mauritanian parliamentary election was held on 13 and 27 May 2023. It sawEl Insaf (the successor of theUnion for the Republic) keep its majority in the National Assembly, with theCoordination of Parties of the Majority supporting the incumbent presidentMohamed Ould Ghazouani holding a comfortable supermajority.

The new National Assembly met for the first time on 19 June 2023, with Mohamed Ould Meguett (El Insaf) being elected as President of the National Assembly with the support of theCoordination of Parties of the Majority with an absolute majority in the first round.^[6]

Candidate		Party	Votes obtained
Required majority →			89 out of 176
	Mohamed Bemba Meguett	El Insaf	137Y
	Ahmedou Mohamed Mahfoudh M'Balla	Tewassoul	27N
	Abstentions		2
	Null votes		3
Absentees			7

On 22 July 2023 theState of Justice deputy Mohamed Bouya Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel reviewed during a parliamentary session an allegedlyblasphemous text aboutMuhammad written by a student during the recentbaccalaureate exams in the country, with Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel replacing the name of Muhammad in the text with the names of PresidentOuld Ghazouani andhis companions with Ghazouan's ministers. Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel later wrote on Facebook that his speech "was a hypothetical projection aimed at drawing attention to the severity of the insult against the Messenger of God (PBUH) and criticizing the government's position due to its indecisiveness in arresting the abuser and reluctance to refer it to the judiciary". Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel later added onFacebook that "some in bad faith" considered his words as "unbearable", pointing out that the President of the National Assembly "prevented" him from a point of order to "clarify his position".^[7]

Ruling partyEl Insaf and thepresidential majority immediately condemned the declarations. Deputy Cheikh Mohamed Abderrahmane Moin (AND) condemned Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel's speech and asking deputies to stand up in protest, with most doing so and some hesitating between remaining on their seats and standing up. Prime MinisterMohamed Ould Bilal, who was attending the session, replied on a 24-minute-long speech to Ould Mohamed Vadel, saying that "insulting the President of the Republic under the dome of Parliament is unacceptable". El Insaf's leaderMohamed Melainine Ould Eyih also replied to Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel on Facebook, saying that what happened was "a sign of disregard for the law and contempt for democratic institutions, as well as an attack against the feelings of every Muslim citizen and every person with sound awareness".^[7]

The High Authority for Press and Audiovisual (HAPA) forced Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel and the National Assembly's TV channel to delete the statement.^[8]

Two days later, the Bureau of the National Assembly decided to suspend Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel for four sessions from the National Assembly.^[9] Opposition deputies withdrew from the parliamentary session of that day in protest, with the President of the National Assembly Mohamed Ould Meguett confirming that the decision was "definitive" and taken by the Bureau "that represents everyone", noting that it was taken on the basis of the internal rules of the National Assembly.^[10] Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel said in a live broadcast on his Facebook page he "expected to be subjected to more penalties", with him considering that the swift response of the National Assembly against him reveals that supporting Muhammad is not a "priority" for the "regime", comparing it with how the writer of the insulting Baccalaureate text wasn't judged yet.^[11]

Minister of Justice Mohamed Mahmoud Ould Boya formally handed the parliament a request to lift the immunity of Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel on 24 July.^[12] The National Assembly started forming the 13-member commission mandated by the inner rules of the National Assembly. According to it,El Insaf group could assign 8 deputies, the groups of the parliamentary majority (UDP,Trust andJustice) 3 deputies and theTewassoul group andFRUD group one each.^[13] FRUD, Sawab, Tewassoul and the pro-government Trust group all refused to join the committee.^[14][15][16]

On 27 July the President of the National Assembly announced the names of the members appointed to the immunity lifting committee:El Insaf appointed 10 members and three pro-government groups (UDP,Trust andJustice) appointed one each.^[17] Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel was summoned the next day to appear before the committee,^[18] which he refused to do.^[19]

The National Assembly voted to lift theparliamentary immunity of deputy Mohamed Bouya Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel, with 128 members voting in favour and 6 against.^[20] The opposition boycotted the session,^[21] withHope Mauritania deputy Mohamed Lemine Ould Sidi Maouloudcondemning it.^[22]

A joint statement from all opposition groups criticised what they considered "the encroachment of the executive authority over the legislative apparatus", considering that the lifting of the immunity was unconstitutional as "the explicit constitutional texts provide immunity for deputies for their opinions while performing their duties, whatever the position on these opinions".^[23] President of theFRUD group Kadiata Malick Diallo went as far as considering the decision as a "coup against the constitution" and a "murder of democracy". She also added that immunity lifting revealed that the legislative authority has no value against the executive authority, noting that the decision to lift immunity was made at the request of the executive authority "and the legislative authority did not object to it".^[24]

"Today is a dark day in the history of the National Assembly. This is not a law debate session, nor a normal intervention session. Representatives are arrested as thieves are arrested."

Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel tried to attend the parliamentary session held the day after his immunity was lifted.^[25] The police summoned him on 31 July,^[26] with his lawyer reporting he wasn't allowed to meet him.^[27] A video Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel recorded before his arrest was released, with him mentioning the yearly occurrence of cases of insults against Muhammad in Mauritania that went unpunished and adding "that all other tracks are not important and should not distract the Mauritanian people from defending the Prophet (PBUH)".^[28]

A peaceful protest held by supporters of Mohamed Bouya in front of the Ministry of Justice was dispersed by the police, with the leader of the Kavana Movement (member of theState of Justice Coalition) Yacoub Ould Lemrabett declaring that he and young people from the movement were "subjected to repression and beatings by the police".^[29]

The Judiciary Police referred the deputy to the public prosecutor on 3 August, three days after his arrest, with a request to imprison him.^[30] The Public Prosecutor charged him with "publication of insult, defamation and slander against the President of the Republic".^[31] An investigative judge in the wilaya ofNouakchott-Ouest rejected the Public Prosecution's request to refer deputy Mohamed Bouya Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel to prison, deciding to place him under judicial control instead.^[32]

On 7 August 2023, an order was issued remanding MP Mohamed Bouye Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel to prison, overturning the earlier decision to keep him under judicial control, and he then remained in detention for nearly three months.^[33] During this period, independent Mauritanian outlets reported that his health deteriorated and that he was transferred from custody to hospital on more than one occasion.^[34][35] Political groups, including the “تحالف أمل موريتانيا” coalition, issued statements holding the authorities responsible for safeguarding his health while in detention.^[36] On 2 November 2023, he was granted provisional release following a court decision ordering the end of his pre-trial detention.^[37]

Deputy Mariem Cheikh Samba Dieng, elected underSawab–RAG's list, was suspended from four sessions on 24 January 2024 by the Bureau of the National Assembly after calling the Prime Minister a "guardian dog of a corrupt system", extending the same denomination to theHaratin and Black Mauritanians on the government.^[38] Her partyRAG called for a press conference on the same day to defend their deputy, withBiram Dah Abeid saying that she didn't directly name or target the Prime Minister.^[39]

The five vice-presidents and secretaries were elected on 21 June 2023.^[40][41]

• President: Mohamed Bemba Meguett (El Insaf)

• 1st Vice-president: Moussa Demba Sow (El Insaf)
• 2nd Vice-president: Ahmedou Mohamed Mahfoudh M'Balla (Tewassoul)
• 3rd Vice-president: Ousmane Racine Sanghott (UDP)
• 4th Vice-president: Fatimetou Khlivit Amour Habib (El Insaf)
• 5th Vice-president: Isselmou Khatry Mohamed Jiddou (El Insaf)

• 1st Secretary: Cheikh Mohamed Abderrahmane Moine (AND)
• 2nd Secretary: Mohamed Abdalahy Ely Telmoudy (El Insaf)
• 3rd Secretary: Khalidou Samba Sow (AJD/MR)
• 4th Secretary: Yakharé Biranté Soumaré (El Insaf)
• 5th Secretary: Khadijetou Abdoulaye Wane (El Insaf)

Composition of the National Assembly as of 26 June 2023^[42]

Parliamentary group		Members	President
	El Insaf •El Insaf (107) •HIWAR (3)	110	Mohamed Lemine Hamoud Amar
	Trust •El Islah (6) •El Karama (5) •HATEM (3) •El Vadila (2) •PMM (1)	17	Saleh Mohamedou Hanana
	Tewassoul	11	Yahya Aboubecrine Sid Elemine
	Justice •AND (6) •Nida El Watan (5)	11	Daoud Abdallahi Ahmed Aicha
	Union for Democracy and Progress	10	Naha Hamdi Mouknass
	Republican Front for Unity and Democracy	7	Kadiata Malick Diallo
	Non-attached members[a] •Sawab+ (5) •AJD/MR+ (4) •UPC+ (1)	10	–

On 5 July 2023 the National Assembly established its five specialised commissions.^[43]

• Lists of current national legislators
• Current legislatures
• Government of Mauritania

• CS1 Arabic-language sources (ar)
• CS1 French-language sources (fr)
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Use dmy dates from June 2023