_Klumpkea.png) Shape model ofKlumpkea from itslightcurve | |
| Discovery[1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | B. Jekhovsky |
| Discovery site | Algiers Obs. |
| Discovery date | 20 January 1925 |
| Designations | |
| (1040) Klumpkea | |
Named after | Dorothea Klumpke[2] (American astronomer) |
| 1925 BD · 1930 DC1 1936 BB | |
| main-belt[1][3] · (outer) Tirela[4] | |
| Orbital characteristics[3] | |
| Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 93.10yr (34,005 d) |
| Aphelion | 3.7117AU |
| Perihelion | 2.5142 AU |
| 3.1129 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1923 |
| 5.49 yr (2,006 d) | |
| 4.1328° | |
| 0° 10m 46.2s / day | |
| Inclination | 16.688° |
| 280.17° | |
| 158.00° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| 22.340±0.175 km[5][6] 22.669±0.304 km[7] 23.13±0.38 km[8] 34.98±4.3 km[9] | |
| 59.2±0.1 h[10] | |
| 0.0630[9] 0.237[8] 0.2387[7] 0.245[5][6] | |
| C(assumed)[11] S(possible) | |
| 10.40[5][7][8] 10.5[1][3][11] 10.9[9] | |
1040 Klumpkea, provisional designation1925 BD, is a Tirelaasteroid from the outer regions of theasteroid belt, approximately 23 kilometers (14 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 20 January 1925, by Russian–French astronomerBenjamin Jekhowsky at theAlgiers Observatory in North Africa.[1] This highly elongated asteroid is the largest member of the stonyTirela family – also known as the Klumpkea family – and has a longer than averagerotation period of 59.2 hours.[11] It was named after American astronomerDorothea Klumpke.[2]
Klumpkea is the largest member of theTirela family (612),[4] a largeasteroid family of more than a thousand members which has been further divided into 8 differentsubclusters.[12]: 18, 23 The family is named after1400 Tirela. Alternatively it is also known as the Klumpkea family byMilani andKnežević.[13][14]
It orbits the Sun in theouter asteroid belt at a distance of 2.5–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 6 months (2,006 days;semi-major axis of 3.11 AU). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.19 and aninclination of 17° with respect to theecliptic.[3] The body'sobservation arc begins at Algiers on its official discovery observation in January 1925.[1]
This asteroid was named after American astronomerDorothea Klumpke (1861–1943), spouse of Welsh astronomerIsaac Roberts (1829–1904). Dorothea Klumpke was the first woman to receive the degree of Doctor of Mathematical Sciences at theSorbonne University in Paris, France. The official naming citation was mentioned inThe Names of the Minor Planets byPaul Herget in 1955 (H99). The asteroid339 Dorothea has also been named in her honor by its discovererMax Wolf.[2]
Klumpkea'sspectral type is uncertain. Although the overall spectral type of the Tirela/Klumpkea family is that of a stonyS-type,[12]: 23 which agrees with observations by the WISE/Akari surveys, theCollaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be a carbonaceousC-type asteroid, based on the lowalbedo measured by SIMPS(see below).[11]
In February 2002, a rotationallightcurve ofKlumpkea was obtained from seven consecutive nights ofphotometric observations byRobert Stephens at his Santana Observatory (646) in California. Lightcurve analysis was difficult and only gave a provisionalrotation period of59.2±0.1 hours with a high brightness amplitude of 0.77magnitude (U=2), indicative of an elongated shape.[10]
In 2016, a modeled lightcurve gave a concurring sidereal period of56.588±0.003 hours using data from the Uppsala Asteroid Photometric Catalogue, thePalomar Transient Factory survey, and individual observers (such as above), as well as sparse-in-time photometry from theNOFS, theCatalina Sky Survey, and the La Palma surveys (950). The study also determined aspin axis forKlumpkea of (172.0°, 48.0°) inecliptic coordinates (λ, β).[15]
According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical SatelliteIRAS, the JapaneseAkari satellite and theNEOWISE mission of NASA'sWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,Klumpkea measures between 22.34 and 34.98 kilometers in diameter and its surface has analbedo between 0.063 and 0.245.[5][6][7][8][9] CALL assumes a carbonaceous standard albedo of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 44.22 kilometers based on anabsolute magnitude of 10.5.[11]
