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10.2 is thesurround sound format developed byTHX creatorTomlinson Holman of TMH Labs and theUniversity of Southern California (schools of Cinematic Arts and Engineering). Developed along withChris Kyriakakis of theUSC Viterbi School of Engineering,10.2 refers to the format's slogan: "Twice as good as 5.1". However, there actually may be 14 discrete channels if the left and right point surround channels are included. He states that 5.1, a name which he himself came up with in 1987 was chosen as it was "the minimum number of channels necessary to give a sense of spaciousness".[1] Holman and others state that highersampling rates, which is a recent trend in digital recording, does not have a significant perceivable effect and that the next frontier in sound engineering is to increase the number of discrete channels to meet human spatial sound perception.[2] As of 2015[update], several decoding,UHD, or virtual expansion processors have approached numbers as great or greater than 10.2.
10.2 surround sound would add four more channels to the front listening area and only onesurround channel. This is because human spatial perception of sound is much more precise in the front than in the back. In addition it adds depth to the sound field with two of the front channels being height channels, located above the listening area at 45 degrees relative to the listener.[3] Lack of vertical information has long been considered one of the largest obstacles to realistic sound reproduction.[4] Existing systems such asDolby Pro Logic IIz simulate this withmatrixed height channels, which are derived from ambient sounds from the left and right channels.
The ".2" in 10.2 refers to the fact that an additionalLow Frequency Effects channel is added, not just a second subwoofer, to enhance the sense of envelopment. All bass from the left channels are directed to a left LFE channel while right channel bass is directed to the right LFE channel.
The 12 channels of 10.2:
10.2 may also augment the LS (left surround) and RS (right surround) channels by two point surround channels that can better manipulate sound—allowing the mixer to shift sounds in a distinct 360° circle around the movie watcher. This would actually make it 12.2
The only addition with 12.2 from 10.2 are the "point surround" or "diffuse surround" channels. These would be placed at the same angles as the standard surround speakers at +/-120 degrees, but would be diffuse radiators usingdipole speakers. They would emit sound to reflect off the walls before arriving at the listening area.[3]The 14 discrete channels are:
The.2 of the 10.2 refers to the addition of a second subwoofer. The system is bass managed such that all the speakers on the left side use the left sub and all the speakers on the right use the right sub. The Center and Back Surround speakers are split among the two subs. The two subs also serve as two discreteLFE (Low Frequency Effects) channels.
A 10.2 surround sound system was demonstrated atAudyssey inLos Angeles and at Bjorn's Audio Video inSan Antonio,Texas.[5]
New York University claims to have two 10.2 surround sound systems set up in their new $6.5 million music technology complex atSteinhardt School. One in arecording studio and one in a screening room.[6][7] Products are already being sold to accommodate 10.2 surround systems such as in-wall speaker jacks.[8]
Currently, there is only a standard for 5.1 surround setups. 6.1 and 7.1 have no real standard, and add channels to the rear instead of the front, which can only be conceived as a marketing tool as sonically the front needs more channels[citation needed]. Audyssey has stated that one fear of marketing 10.2 systems will be that ironically quality might be decreased instead of increased. This is because marketers will push to keep prices relatively the same and to do that with four additional speakers and two subwoofers will almost certainly cost quality.[9]
There is currently only one film available which uses this format, a 30-minute short calledSeven Swans.[10] The other 10.2 mixes were created by Holman and others at the demonstrations.
There are some receivers that claim to be "10.2 channels" such as thePioneer Elite SC-09TX but just have multiple 6, 7, or 8 channel decoders.[11]