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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name 1,1-Dichloroethane | |||
| Other names Ethylidene dichloride Ethylidene chloride Ethidene dichloride CFC-150a 1,1-DCA Asymmetrical dichloroethane 1,1-Ethylidene dichloride Asymmetric dichloroethane | |||
| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol) | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.785 | ||
| KEGG |
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| UNII | |||
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| Properties | |||
| C2H4Cl2 | |||
| Molar mass | 98.96 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colorless, oily liquid[1] | ||
| Odor | chloroform-like[1] | ||
| Density | 1.2 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | −97 °C (−143 °F; 176 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 57.2 °C (135.0 °F; 330.3 K) | ||
| 0.6%[1] | |||
| Vapor pressure | 182 mmHg (20°C)[1] | ||
| −57.4·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Hazards | |||
| Flash point | −17 °C; 2 °F; 256 K[1] | ||
| Explosive limits | 5.4–11.4%[1] | ||
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible) | TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3)[1] | ||
REL (Recommended) | TWA 100 ppm (400 mg/m3)[1] | ||
IDLH (Immediate danger) | 3000 ppm[1] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
Related compounds | 1,2-Dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride); *1,1-Dichloroethene | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
1,1-Dichloroethane is achlorinated hydrocarbon. It is a colorlessoily liquid with achloroform-like odor. It is not easily soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents.
Large volumes of 1,1-dichloroethane are manufactured, with annual production exceeding 1 million pounds in the United States. It is mainly used as a feedstock in chemical synthesis, chiefly of1,1,1-trichloroethane. It is also used as asolvent forplastics,oils andfats, as adegreaser, as afumigant ininsecticide sprays, inhalonfire extinguishers, and in cementing ofrubber. It is used in manufacturing of high-vacuum resistant rubber and forextraction of temperature-sensitive substances. Thermalcracking at 400–500 °C and 10 MPa yieldsvinyl chloride. In the past, 1,1-dichloroethane was used as a surgicalinhalational anesthetic.
1,1-dichloroethane has been on theCalifornia Proposition 65 list of known carcinogens since 1990.[2]
In the atmosphere, 1,1-dichloroethane decomposes with half-life of 62 days, chiefly by reaction ofphotolytically producedhydroxylradicals.
