Thislist of Internet top-level domains (TLD ) containstop-level domains , which are those domains in theDNS root zone of theDomain Name System of theInternet . A list of the top-level domains by theInternet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is maintained at the Root Zone Database.[ 1] proposed top-level domains forICANN .As of February 2026[update] test domains ,[ 1] [ 2] root domain ).[ 3] [ 2] [ 4] [ 5]
IANA distinguishes the following groups of top-level domains:[ 6]
Original top-level domains [ edit ] Seven generic top-level domains were created early in the development of the Internet, prior to the creation ofICANN in 1998.
Name Entity Administrator[ 7] Notes IDN DNSSEC SLD IPv6 .com Commercial Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Though originally intended for use by for-profit business entities, for a number of reasons it became the main TLD for domain names and is currently used by all types of entities including nonprofits, schools, and private individuals. Domain name registrations may be successfully challenged if the holder cannot prove an outside relation justifying reservation of the name,[ 8] squatting ". It was originally administered by theUnited States Department of Defense . Yes Yes Yes Yes .org Organization Public Interest Registry This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. Originally created as a miscellaneous category as stated in RFC 920 (October 1984) "...any other domains meeting the second level requirements," and clarified in RFC 1591 (March 1994), "This domain is intended as the miscellaneous TLD for organizations that didn't fit anywhere else. Some non-government organizations may fit here."[ 9] [ 10] Yes Yes Yes Yes .net Network Verisign This is an open TLD; any person or entity is permitted to register. According to RFC 1591 (March 1994) "This domain is intended to hold only the computers of network providers."[ 10] Yes Yes Yes Yes .int International Internet Assigned Numbers Authority The .int TLD is strictly limited to organizations, offices, and programs endorsed by a treaty between two or more nations. However, a fewgrandfathered domains do not meet these criteria. No Yes Yes Yes .edu Education Educause (viaVerisign )The .edu TLD is limited to specifichigher educational institutions such as, but not limited to, trade schools and universities. In the U.S., its use was restricted in 2001 to post-secondary institutions accredited by an agency on the list ofnationally recognized accrediting agencies . This domain is therefore almost exclusively used by colleges and universities. Some institutions, such as theExploratorium , that do not meet the current registration criteria have grandfathered domain names. No Yes Yes Yes .gov U.S. national and state government agencies Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (viaVerisign )The .gov TLD is limited to United States governmental entities and agencies as well as qualifying state, county and local municipal government agencies, and tribal governments. No Yes Yes Yes .mil U.S. military United States Department of Defense The .mil TLD is restricted to departments, services and agencies of the United States Department of Defense. No Yes Yes Yes
Infrastructure top-level domains [ edit ] Country code top-level domains [ edit ] As of 20 May 2017, there were 255country-code top-level domains , purely in the Latin alphabet, using two-character codes. As of June 2022[update] [ 1]
Proposed internationalized ccTLDs [ edit ] Internationalized domain names have been proposed forJapan andLibya .
[ edit ] Name Chinese term Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .ren 人rén "people/person" in Mandarinpinyin Restricted TLD[ 11] (Cancelled)[ 12] Unknown Yes .shouji 手机shǒujī mobile phone — QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. .tushu 图书túshū books — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .wanggou 网购wǎnggòu online shopping — Amazon Registry Services, Inc. .weibo 微博wēibó microblogging — Sina Corporation .xihuan 喜欢xǐhuān like — QIHOO 360 TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. .xin 信xìn credit; honest — Alibaba Group
Name Translation Restrictions Operator IDN DNSSEC .bom "good" — Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br .passagens "ticket" — Travel Reservations SRL
Internationalized generic top-level domains [ edit ] All of these TLDs areinternationalized domain names (IDN) and support second-level IDNs.
DNS Name IDN Language Script Transliteration English Translation Notes DNSSEC xn--4gbrim [ 22] .موقع Arabic Arabic mawqiʿ "site" or "location" Open TLD Yes xn--fhbei [ 22] .كوم Arabic kūm com Owned by: VeriSign Sarl[ 13] xn--mgbb9fbpob [ 22] .موبايلي Arabic mūbāylī Mobily Owned by: GreenTech Consultancy Company W.L.L.[ 13] xn--mgbi4ecexp [ 22] .كاثوليك Arabic kāthūlīk Catholic Owned by: Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication)[ 13] xn--ngbc5azd [ 22] .شبكة Arabic Arabic shabaka "network" Open TLD Yes xn--ngbe9e0a [ 22] .بيتك Arabic baytak your home Owned by: Kuwait Finance House[ 13] xn--mgbab2bd [ 22] .بازار Persian Arabic bâzâr "market", "bazaar " Open TLD Yes
Geographic top-level domains [ edit ] Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC .abudhabi Abu Dhabi, UAE [ 13] Yes .arab League of Arab States [ 13] Yes .asia Asia–Pacific region This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. Chinese, Japanese, Korean[ 14] Yes .doha Doha, Qatar [ 13] .dubai Dubai, UAE [ 13] Yes .krd Kurdistan This is a TLD for companies, organizations, and individuals based in the region of Kurdistan[ 32] [ 33] Kurdish Yes .kyoto Kyoto, Japan [ 34] Yes .nagoya Nagoya, Japan [ 35] Japanese[ 14] Yes .okinawa Okinawa, Japan [ 36] Japanese Yes .osaka Osaka, Japan [ 13] Yes .ryukyu Ryukyu Islands, Japan [ 37] Unknown Yes .taipei Taipei, Taiwan Introduced in September 2014[ 38] Unknown Yes .tokyo Tokyo, Japan [ 39] Yes Yes .yokohama Yokohama, Japan [ 40] Japanese Yes
Other European Geographic TLDs Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC .eu European Union [ 55] Yes Yes .amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands [ 56] Unknown Yes .bar Bar, Montenegro [ 13] Unknown Yes .brussels Brussels, Belgium [ 57] Latin script [ 14] Yes .cymru Wales, United Kingdom [ 58] Welsh [ 14] Yes .wales [ 58] Welsh [ 14] Yes .frl Friesland, Netherlands Fryslân in (West) Frisian, one of the twelve provinces in the Netherlands.[ 59] Unknown Yes .gent Ghent, Belgium [ 60] Unknown Yes .helsinki Helsinki, Finland Unknown Yes .irish Ireland andIrish diaspora Unknown Yes .ist Istanbul, Turkey Unknown Yes .istanbul Unknown Yes .london London, United Kingdom [ 61] Yes Yes .moscow [ru ] Moscow, Russia [ 62] Yes Yes .scot Scotland, United Kingdom [ 63] Unknown Yes .stockholm Stockholm, Sweden Used only by the city organisation itself.[ 13] Yes[ 64] Yes .swiss Switzerland [ 13] Yes[ 65] Yes .tatar Tatar peoples and placesTatarstan is a region inRussia , though this TLD is meant for the global Tatar community.[ 66] Unknown Yes .tirol Tyrol, Austria [ 67] Yes[ 14] Yes .vlaanderen Flanders, Belgium [ 68] Latin script[ 14] Yes .wien Vienna, Austria [ 69] Latin script[ 14] Yes .zuerich Zurich, Switzerland [ 70] Unknown Yes .su Soviet Union [ 71] Yes[ 14] Yes
Internationalized geographic top-level domains [ edit ] Brand and corporate top-level domains [ edit ] Name Entity Notes IDN DNSSEC .aaa American Automobile Association [ 13] Yes .aarp AARP [ 13] Yes .abarth Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Abarth )[ 13] .abb ABB [ 13] Yes .abbott Abbott Laboratories [ 13] Yes .abbvie AbbVie [ 13] Yes .abc American Broadcasting Company [ 84] [ 13] Yes .accenture Accenture [ 13] Yes .aco ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG [ 13] Yes .aeg AktiebolagetElectrolux [ 13] Yes .aetna Aetna [ 13] Yes .afl Australian Football League [ 13] Yes .agakhan Aga Khan Foundation [ 13] Yes .aig American International Group [ 13] Yes .aigo Aigo [ 13] .airbus Airbus [ 13] Yes .airtel Bharti Airtel [ 13] Yes .akdn Aga Khan Foundation [ 13] Yes .alfaromeo Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Alfa Romeo )[ 13] .alibaba Alibaba Group [ 13] Yes .alipay Alibaba Group [ 13] Yes .allfinanz Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft [ 85] Unknown Yes .allstate Allstate [ 13] Yes .ally Ally Financial [ 13] Yes .alstom Alstom [ 13] Yes .amazon Amazon Yes .americanexpress American Express [ 13] Yes .amex American Express [ 13] Yes .amica Amica Mutual Insurance [ 13] Yes .android Google (Android )[ 86] Unknown Yes .anz Australia & New Zealand Banking Group [ 13] Yes .aol AOL [ 13] Yes .apple Apple [ 13] [ 87] Yes .aquarelle Aquarelle.com Group [ 88] Unknown Yes .aramco Aramco [ 13] Yes .arte Arte Yes .audi Audi [ 13] Yes .audible Audible (Amazon Registry Services, Inc.)Yes .auspost Australia Post [ 13] Yes .aws Amazon Web Services [ 13] Yes .axa Axa [ 89] Yes[ 14] Yes .azure Microsoft (Azure )[ 13] Yes .baidu Baidu [ 13] Yes .bananarepublic Gap (Banana Republic )[ 13] .barclaycard Barclays [ 90] Unknown Yes .barclays Barclays [ 90] Unknown Yes .basketball FIBA [ 91] Yes .bauhaus Werkhaus GmbH [ 13] Yes .bbc BBC [ 13] Yes .bbt BB&T [ 13] Yes .bbva Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria [ 13] Yes .bcg Boston Consulting Group [ 13] Yes .bentley Bentley [ 13] Yes .bestbuy Best Buy (BBY Solutions, Inc. )Yes .bharti Bharti Enterprises [ 13] Yes .bing Microsoft (Bing )[ 13] Yes .blanco BLANCO GmbH + Co KG [ 13] .bloomberg Bloomberg [ 92] Unknown Yes .bms Bristol-Myers Squibb [ 13] Yes .bmw BMW [ 93] No Yes .bnl Banca Nazionale del Lavoro [ 94] Unknown .bnpparibas BNP Paribas [ 95] Unknown Yes .boehringer Boehringer Ingelheim [ 13] Yes .bond Bond University [ 13] Later became a gTLD on 26 November 2019 Yes .booking Booking.com [ 13] Yes .bosch Robert Bosch GmbH [ 13] Yes .bostik Bostik [ 13] Yes .bradesco Bradesco [ 96] Unknown Yes .brave Brave Software [ 13] Yes .bridgestone Bridgestone [ 13] Yes .brother Brother Industries [ 13] Yes .bugatti Bugatti [ 13] .cal Google (Calendar )[ 97] Unknown Yes .calvinklein PVH [ 13] Yes .canon Canon [ 13] Yes .capitalone Capital One [ 13] Yes .caravan Caravan International [ 98] Unknown Yes .cartier Richemont DNS [ 13] .cba Commonwealth Bank [ 13] Yes .cbn Christian Broadcasting Network [ 13] Yes .cbre CBRE Group [ 13] Yes .cbs CBS [ 13] .cern CERN [ 99] Unknown Yes .cfa CFA Institute [ 13] Yes .chanel Chanel [ 13] Yes .chase Chase Bank [ 13] Yes .chintai Chintai Corporation [ja ] [ 13] Yes .chrome Google (Chrome )[ 100] Unknown Yes .chrysler Chrysler [ 13] .cipriani Hotel Cipriani Srl[ 13] Yes .cisco Cisco Systems [ 13] Yes .citadel Citadel Domain [ 13] Yes .citi Citigroup [ 13] Yes .citic CITIC Group [ 101] No Yes .clubmed Club Med [ 13] Yes .comcast Comcast [ 13] .commbank Commonwealth Bank [ 13] Yes .creditunion CUNA Performance Resources [ 13] Yes .crown Crown Equipment Corporation [ 13] Yes .crs Federated Co-operatives [ 102] Unknown Yes .csc DXC Technology .cuisinella Société Alsacienne de Meubles (Cuisinella) [ 103] Unknown Yes .dabur Dabur [ 13] Yes .datsun Nissan (Datsun )[ 13] Yes .dealer Dealer Dot Com [ 13] Yes .dell Dell [ 13] Yes .deloitte Deloitte [ 13] Yes .delta Delta Air Lines [ 13] Yes .dhl Deutsche Post [ 13] Yes .discover Discover Financial Services [ 13] Yes .dish Dish Network [ 13] Yes .dnp Dai Nippon Printing [ 104] Unknown Yes .dodge Chrysler (Dodge )[ 13] .dunlop Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (Dunlop Tyres )[ 13] Yes .dupont DuPont [ 13] Yes .dvag Deutsche Vermögensberatung [ 105] Unknown Yes .edeka Edeka [ 106] Unknown Yes .emerck Merck Group [ 107] Unknown Yes .epson Seiko Epson [ 13] Yes .ericsson Ericsson [ 13] Yes .erni ERNI Group Holding AG [ 13] Yes .esurance Esurance [ 13] .etisalat Etisalat [ 13] .eurovision European Broadcasting Union (Eurovision )[ 13] Yes .everbank EverBank [ 108] Unknown .extraspace Extra Space Storage [ 13] Yes .fage Fage [ 13] Yes .fairwinds FairWinds Partners [ 13] Yes .farmers Farmers Insurance Exchange [ 13] Yes .fedex FedEx [ 13] Yes .ferrari Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Ferrari )[ 13] Yes .ferrero Ferrero [ 13] Yes .fiat Fiat Chrysler Automobiles [ 13] .fidelity Fidelity Investments [ 13] Yes .firestone Bridgestone [ 13] Yes .firmdale Firmdale Holdings [ 109] Unknown Yes .flickr Yahoo! (Flickr )[ 13] Yes .flir FLIR Systems [ 13] Yes .flsmidth FLSmidth [ 110] Unknown .ford Ford [ 13] Yes .fox Fox Broadcasting Company [ 13] Yes .fresenius Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH [ 13] Yes .frogans OP3FT Solely for use by theFrogans technology[ 111] Yes[ 14] Yes .frontier Frontier Communications [ 13] Yes .fujitsu Fujitsu [ 13] Yes .fujixerox Fuji Xerox [ 13] .gallo E & J Gallo Winery [ 13] Yes .gallup Gallup [ 13] Yes .gap Gap [ 13] Yes .gbiz Google [ 112] Unknown Yes .gea GEA Group [ 13] Yes .genting Genting Group [ 13] Yes .giving Public Interest Registry [ 13] Yes .gle Google [ 113] Unknown Yes .globo Grupo Globo [ 114] No Yes .gmail Google (Gmail )[ 115] Unknown Yes .gmo GMO Internet [ 116] Unknown Yes .gmx 1&1 Mail & Media (GMX , Global Message Exchange)[ 117] Unknown Yes .godaddy Go Daddy [ 13] Yes .goldpoint Yodobashi Camera [ 13] Yes .goodyear Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company [ 13] Yes .goog Google [ 118] Unknown Yes .google Google [ 119] Unknown Yes .grainger Grainger Registry Services, LLC [ 13] Yes .guardian Guardian Life Insurance Company of America [ 13] .gucci Gucci [ 13] Yes .hbo HBO [ 13] Yes .hdfc Housing Development Finance Corporation [ 13] Yes .hdfcbank HDFC Bank [ 13] Yes .hermes Hermès [ 13] Yes .hisamitsu Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical [ 13] Yes .hitachi Hitachi [ 13] Yes .hkt Hong Kong Telecom [ 13] Yes .homegoods HomeGoods (The TJX Companies, Inc.)Yes .homesense HomeSense (The TJX Companies, Inc.)Yes .honda Honda [ 13] Yes .honeywell Honeywell [ 13] .hotmail Microsoft (Hotmail )[ 13] Yes .hsbc HSBC [ 120] Unknown Yes .hughes Hughes Network Systems [ 13] Yes .hyatt Hyatt [ 13] Yes .hyundai Hyundai Motor Company [ 13] Yes .ibm IBM [ 121] Unknown Yes .ice Intercontinental Exchange Yes .ieee Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers [ 13] Yes .ifm ifm electronic gmbh [ 13] Yes .ikano Ikano [ 13] Yes .imdb Amazon (IMDb )[ 13] Yes .infiniti Nissan (Infiniti )[ 13] Yes .intel Intel [ 13] .intuit Intuit [ 13] Yes .ipiranga Ipiranga [ 13] Yes .iselect iSelect [ 13] .itau Itaú Unibanco [ 13] Yes .itv ITV [ 13] Yes .iveco CNH Industrial (Iveco )[ 13] .jaguar Jaguar Land Rover [ 13] Yes .java Oracle (Java )[ 13] Yes .jcb JCB [ 13] Yes .jcp JCP Media [ 13] .jeep Chrysler (Jeep )[ 13] Yes .jio Reliance Industries (Jio )[ 13] Yes .jpmorgan JPMorgan Chase [ 13] Yes .juniper Juniper Networks [ 13] Yes .kddi KDDI [ 13] Yes .kerryhotels Kerry Trading Co. Limited [ 13] Yes .kerryproperties Kerry Trading Co. Limited [ 13] Yes .kfh Kuwait Finance House [ 13] Yes .kia Kia Motors Corporation [ 13] Yes .kinder Ferrero (Kinder Surprise )[ 13] .kindle Amazon (Kindle )[ 13] Yes .komatsu Komatsu [ 13] Yes .kpmg KPMG [ 13] Yes .kred KredTLD [ 122] Unknown Yes .kuokgroup Kerry Trading Co. Limited [ 13] Yes .lacaixa Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona [ 123] Unknown Yes .ladbrokes Ladbrokes [ 13] .lamborghini Lamborghini [ 13] Yes .lancaster Lancaster (Coty ) [ 13] Yes .lancia Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Lancia )[ 13] .lancome L'Oréal (Lancôme )[ 13] .landrover Jaguar Land Rover [ 13] Yes .lanxess Lanxess [ 13] Yes .lasalle JLL [ 13] Yes .latrobe La Trobe University [ 124] Unknown Yes .lds The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[ 125] [ 126] Unknown Yes .leclerc E.Leclerc [ 127] Yes .lego Lego Group [ 13] Yes .liaison Liaison Technologies [ 13] .lexus Toyota (Lexus )[ 13] Yes .lidl Lidl [ 13] Yes .lifestyle Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. [ 13] Yes .lilly Eli Lilly and Company [ 13] Yes .lincoln Ford (Lincoln )[ 13] Yes .linde Linde [ 13] .lipsy Lipsy Ltd [ 13] Yes .lixil Lixil Group [ 13] .locus Locus Analytics [ 13] Yes .lotte Lotte Holdings [ 13] Yes .lpl LPL Financial [ 13] Yes .lplfinancial LPL Financial [ 13] Yes .lundbeck Lundbeck [ 13] Yes .lupin Lupin Limited [ 13] .macys Macy's [ 13] .maif MAIF [ 13] Yes .man MAN [ 13] Yes .mango Mango [ 128] Latin script[ 14] Yes .marriott Marriott International [ 13] Yes .maserati Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (Maserati )[ 13] .mattel Mattel [ 13] Yes .mckinsey McKinsey & Company [ 13] Yes .metlife MetLife [ 13] .microsoft Microsoft [ 13] Yes .mini BMW (Mini )[ 129] No Yes .mint Intuit Mint (Intuit Administrative Services, Inc.)Yes .mit Massachusetts Institute of Technology [ 13] Yes .mitsubishi Mitsubishi Corporation [ 13] Yes .mlb MLB Advanced Media [ 13] Yes .mma MMA IARD [ 13] Yes .monash Monash University [ 130] [ 131] No Yes .mormon The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church)[ 125] [ 132] Unknown Yes .moto Motorola [ 13] Yes .movistar Telefónica (Movistar )[ 13] .msd MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. [ 13] Yes .mtn MTN [ 13] Yes .mtr MTR Corporation [ 13] Yes .mutual Northwestern Mutual [ 13] .nadex Nadex [ 13] .nationwide Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company [ 13] .natura Natura & Co [ 13] .nba National Basketball Association [ 13] Yes .nec NEC [ 13] Yes .netflix Netflix [ 13] Yes .neustar Neustar [ 133] No Yes .newholland CNH Industrial (New Holland Agriculture ,New Holland Construction )[ 13] .nfl National Football League [ 13] Yes .nhk NHK [ 134] Unknown Yes .nico Dwango (Niconico )[ 135] Unknown Yes .nike Nike [ 13] Yes .nikon Nikon [ 13] Yes .nissan Nissan [ 13] Yes .nissay Nippon Life [ 13] Yes .nokia Nokia [ 13] Yes .northwesternmutual Northwestern Mutual [ 13] .norton NortonLifeLock [ 13] Yes .nra National Rifle Association of America [ 136] Unknown Yes .ntt Nippon Telegraph & Telephone [ 13] Yes .obi OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA [ 13] Yes .office Microsoft (Office )[ 13] Yes .omega Swatch Group (Omega )[ 13] Yes .oracle Oracle [ 13] Yes .orange Orange [ 13] Yes .origins Origins (TheEstée Lauder Companies Inc.)Yes .otsuka Otsuka Pharmaceutical [ 137] Unknown Yes .ovh OVH [ 138] French[ 14] Yes .panasonic Panasonic [ 13] Yes .pccw PCCW [ 13] Yes .pfizer Pfizer [ 13] Yes .philips Philips [ 13] Yes .piaget Piaget [ 139] Unknown .pictet Pictet [ 13] Yes .ping Ping [ 13] Yes .pioneer Pioneer Corporation [ 13] Yes .play Google (Google Play )[ 13] Yes .playstation Sony (PlayStation )[ 13] Yes .pohl Deutsche Vermögensberatung [ 140] Unknown Yes .politie Politie Nederland [ 13] Yes .praxi Praxi [ 141] Unknown Yes .prod Google (products)[ 142] Unknown Yes .progressive Progressive Corporation [ 13] Yes .pru Prudential Financial [ 13] Yes .prudential Prudential Financial [ 13] Yes .pwc PwC [ 143] Unknown Yes .quest Quest Software [ 13] Yes .qvc QVC [ 13] .redstone Redstone Haute Couture Co [ 13] Yes .reliance Reliance Industries [ 13] Yes .rexroth Robert Bosch GmbH [ 13] Yes .ricoh Ricoh [ 13] Yes .ril Reliance Industries [ 13] Yes .rmit Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology [ 13] .rocher Ferrero (Ferrero Rocher )[ 13] .rogers Rogers Communications [ 13] Yes .rwe RWE [ 13] Yes .safety Safety Registry Services, LLC. [ 13] Yes .sakura Sakura Internet [ja ] [ 13] Yes .samsung Samsung SDS [ 13] Yes .sandvik Sandvik [ 13] Yes .sandvikcoromant Sandvik Coromant [ 144] Unknown Yes .sanofi Sanofi [ 13] Yes .sap SAP [ 145] Yes .saxo Saxo Bank [ 13] Yes .sbi State Bank of India [ 13] Yes .sbs Special Broadcasting Service [ 13] Later became a gTLD on 15 June 2021 Yes .sca Svenska Cellulosa [ 146] Unknown .scb Siam Commercial Bank Thai [ 14] Yes .schaeffler Schaeffler Technologies [ 13] Yes .schmidt Schmidt Groupe [fr ] [ 147] Unknown Yes .schwarz Schwarz Gruppe [ 13] Yes .scjohnson S. C. Johnson & Son [ 13] .scor SCOR [ 13] .seat SEAT [ 13] Yes .sener Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. [ 13] Yes .ses SES [ 13] .sew SEW Eurodrive [ 13] Yes .seven Seven West Media [ 13] Yes .sfr SFR [ 13] Yes .seek Seek [ 148] No Yes .shangrila Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts [ 13] Yes .sharp Sharp Corporation [ 13] Yes .shaw Shaw Cablesystems G.P. [ 13] Yes .shell Shell [ 13] Yes .shriram Shriram Capital [ 13] .sina Sina Corp [ 13] Yes .sky Sky Group [ 13] Yes .skype Microsoft (Skype )[ 13] Yes .smart Smart Communications [ 13] Yes .sncf SNCF [ 13] Yes .softbank SoftBank [ 13] Yes .sohu Sohu [ 149] Unknown Yes .sony Sony [ 13] Yes .spiegel Der Spiegel [ 150] Unknown .stada Stada Arzneimittel [ 13] Yes .staples Staples [ 13] Yes .star Disney Star [ 13] Yes .starhub StarHub [ 13] .statebank State Bank of India [ 13] Yes .statefarm State Farm [ 13] Yes .statoil Statoil [ 13] .stc Saudi Telecom Company [ 13] Yes .stcgroup Saudi Telecom Company [ 13] Yes .suzuki Suzuki [ 151] Unknown Yes .swatch Swatch Group [ 13] Yes .swiftcover Swiftcover [ 13] .symantec Gen Digital [ 13] .taobao Alibaba Group (Taobao )[ 13] Yes .target Target [ 13] Yes .tatamotors Tata Motors [ 13] Yes .tdk TDK [ 13] Yes .telecity TelecityGroup [ 13] .telefonica Telefónica [ 13] .temasek Temasek Holdings [ 13] Yes .teva Teva Pharmaceuticals [ 13] Yes .tiffany Tiffany & Co. [ 13] .tjx TJX Companies [ 13] Yes .toray Toray Industries [ 13] Yes .toshiba Toshiba [ 13] Yes .total Total [ 13] Yes .toyota Toyota [ 13] Yes .travelers Travelers TLD, LLC (The Travelers Companies ) [ 13] Yes .travelersinsurance Travelers TLD, LLC (The Travelers Companies ) [ 13] Yes .tui TUI [ 152] Unknown Yes .tvs T V Sundram Iyengar & Sons Private Limited [ 13] Yes .ubs UBS [ 13] Yes .unicom China Unicom [ 13] Yes .uol Universo Online Delegated to UOL subsidiary UBN Internet.[ 153] Unknown Yes .ups United Parcel Service [ 13] Yes .vanguard Vanguard Group [ 13] Yes .verisign VeriSign [ 13] Yes .vig Vienna Insurance Group [ 13] Yes .viking Viking River Cruises [ 13] Yes .virgin Virgin Group [ 13] Yes .visa Visa [ 13] Yes .vista Vistaprint [ 13] .vistaprint Vistaprint [ 13] .vivo Telefônica Brasil [ 13] Yes .volkswagen Volkswagen Group of America [ 13] .volvo Volvo [ 13] Yes .walmart Walmart [ 13] Yes .walter Sandvik [ 13] Yes .weatherchannel IBM (The Weather Company )[ 13] Yes .weber Saint-Gobain [ 13] Yes .weir Weir Group [ 13] Yes .williamhill William Hill [ 154] Unknown Yes .windows Microsoft (Windows )[ 13] Yes .wme Endeavor [ 155] Unknown Yes .wolterskluwer Wolters Kluwer [ 13] Yes .woodside Woodside Energy [ 13] Yes .wtc World Trade Centers Association [ 156] Unknown Yes .xbox Microsoft (Xbox )[ 13] Yes .xerox Fuji Xerox [ 13] Yes .xfinity Comcast [ 13] .yahoo Yahoo! [ 13] Yes .yamaxun Amazon (Amazon China )[ 13] Yes .yandex Yandex [ 157] Unknown Yes .yodobashi Yodobashi Camera [ 13] Yes .youtube Google (YouTube )[ 158] Unknown Yes .zappos Amazon (Zappos )[ 13] Yes .zara Inditex (Zara )[ 13] Yes .zippo Zippo [ 13]
Internationalized brand top-level domains [ edit ] Special-use domains [ edit ] ICANN/IANA has created some special-use domain names which are meant for technical purposes. ICANN/IANA owns all of the special-use domain names.[ 168]
Name Entity Notes IDN .example Not installed as a domain name, but usable in text as an example.example.com , example.net, and example.org are also reserved for this purpose but are active sites.) Unknown .internal Not installed as a domain name, but usable in private and internal networks. Unknown .invalid Not installed as a domain name, but usable in testing as a domain which wouldn't work. Unknown .local Local network. Must be used withmulticast DNS (mDNS).[ 169] Unknown .onion Connection to theTor network . Unknown .test Meant for testingDNS software. Unknown
Besides the TLDs managed (or at least tracked) by IANA or ICANN, other independent groups have created, or had attempted to create, their own TLDs with varying technical specifications, functions, and outcomes.
Within Microsoft Windows there are some special purpose domain names that partially conflict with publicly assigned ones.
Name Still used Conflicting IANA domain registration Purpose .ipv6-literal.net YES Registered by an independent 3rd party (as of writing). Microsoft gave up the domain in January 2014.[ 170] A special-use domain primarily forrepresenting IPv6 addresses in UNC paths as ":" is a reserved character in Windows. Usage is not restricted to UNC paths. Compared to ip6.arpa reverse lookup domains it will return an IPv6 address but without generating any DNS queries.
TheIETF has submitted severalrequests for comments on TLDs that could be used to represent local devices and services.
Name RFC Notes .home.arpa RFC 8375[ 171] A special-use domain for non-unique use in residential home networks. .internal RFC 6762 Appendix G[ 172] ICANN has registered this top-level domain for private use.[ 173] .intranet The IETF does not recommend use of unregistered top-level domains at all, but should network operators decide to do this, the following top-level domains have been used on private internal networks without the problems caused by trying to reuse ".local" for this purpose. .private .corp Mentioned by ICANN for causing a name collision.[ 174] .home .lan Many routers automatically append ".lan" to local device hostnames, including those that useOpenWrt .
Blockchain-registered [ edit ] Blockchain-based domains are registered and exchanged using a publicblockchain likeEthereum . Oftentimes, these domains serve specific functions such as creatinghuman-readable references tosmart contract addresses used inDApps or personalwallet addresses .[ 175]
Name Blockchain Notes .agt Polygon The .agt (agent) TLD is a decentralized top-level domain operating within the Web3 ecosystem, primarily positioned as an identifier for AI agents and autonomous systems.[ 176] Freename , an ICANN-accredited registrar[ 177] N/A Handshake Handshake is both analternative DNS root zone and a domain name-centricblockchain meant for managing TLDs in a decentralized way which allows virtually any domain to be registered as a TLD by end users. The project intends to be a more resilient and distributed implementation of the global root zone without needing a centralized organization, like ICANN, to manage or operate it. However, it doesn't aim to outright replace the existing root zone, as it reserves all existing TLDs so that a query forwikipedia.org , for example, that is sent to a Handshake node can be redirected to the traditional root.[ 178] .eth Ethereum Domains under the.eth TLD are primarily used ashuman-readable aliases toEthereum wallet addresses, rather than IP addresses,[ 179] .eth into the traditional DNS space have been made. .crypto Ethereum .crypto aims to makecryptocurrency wallet address resolution easier, with the exception that, unlike the other examples mentioned here, the TLD is the product of a for-profit company, Unstoppable Domains, that markets the domain as analternative DNS root despite being entirely dependent on the traditional root zone.[ 180] .bit Namecoin Namecoin's.bit TLD technically operates as a single-domain DNS root, though has historically peered with theOpenNIC root zone to provide greater accessibility. The popularity and usage of.bit domains is much lower than the other projects mentioned, despite it being the earliest example. This is primarily due to the negative reputation Namecoin has garnered after.bit domains became popular for sharing and distributing illegal or illicit content such as malware, which ultimately promptedOpenNIC to end its peering agreement and stop serving the TLD in its root zone in 2018.[ 181]
In the case ofalternative DNS roots , organizations or projects make use of the same mechanisms of the DNS but instead take on the role of ICANN in managing and administering an entirely separate root zone, thus having the ability to create new TLDs independently. However, this doesn't make these domains any less isolated from the rest of the internet, as the ability for clients to resolve them theoretically only requires switching to arecursive DNS resolver that recognizes and serves records underneath the alternate root zone.
Name Root Notes N/A Handshake The list of registered TLDs on the Handshake blockchain is too large and dynamic to enumerate here. .bbs .chan .cyb .dyn .geek .gopher .indy .libre .neo .null .o .oss .oz .parody .pirate OpenNIC .fur FurNIC .lib .coin .emc .bazar Emercoin .ku .te .ti .uu .ko .rm New Nations
^a b c "IANA — Root Zone Database" .iana.org . Retrieved31 May 2020 .^a b "IANA's list of TLDs in machine-readable format" . Iana.org. Retrieved28 January 2026 .^ "Root Zone file" . Retrieved20 June 2020 .^ The Domain Name Industry Brief, Q1 2025 . Domain Name Industry Brief. Retrieved May 27, 2025.^ "Daily TLD DNSSEC Report" .icann.org . ICANN. 31 May 2020. Archived fromthe original on 25 March 2019. Retrieved31 May 2020 .^ "IANA root zone database" . Iana.org. Retrieved10 November 2015 .^ "Root Zone Database" . iana.org. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ National Research Council, Committee on Internet Navigation and the Domain Name System: Technical Alternatives and Policy Implications ; National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (7 August 2005).Signposts in Cyberspace: The Domain Name System and Internet Navigation National Academies Press .ISBN 978-0-309-09640-9 ^ J. Postel ;J. Reynolds (October 1984).Domain requirements doi :10.17487/RFC0920 RFC 920 .Status Unknown. ^a b J. Postel (March 1994).Domain Name System Structure and Delegation doi :10.17487/RFC1591 RFC 1591 .Informational. ^ "New TLDs this week: .London, .Global and more" .Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views . Archived fromthe original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "关于拟注销北京千橡网景科技发展有限公司".ren"顶级域域名注册管理机构许可的公示" (in Chinese). 9 December 2019. Retrieved9 December 2019 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc gd ge gf gg gh gi gj gk gl gm gn go gp gq gr gs gt gu gv gw gx gy gz ha hb hc hd he hf hg hh hi hj hk hl hm hn ho hp hq hr hs ht hu hv hw hx hy hz ia ib ic id ie if ig ih ii ij ik il im in io ip iq ir is it iu iv iw ix iy iz ja jb jc jd je jf jg jh ji jj jk jl jm jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki kj kk kl km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg lh li lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt "IANA Root Zone Database" . Iana.org. Retrieved25 July 2018 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices" .iana.org . Retrieved22 September 2014 .^ §5,Policy for the Registration of .reise Domain Names Archived 20 February 2020 at theWayback Machine , dotreise GmbH. Accessed on line 2 December 2014. ^ " . Archived fromthe original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved13 September 2016 .^ ".VOTO Registration Policy" . Archived fromthe original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved18 December 2014 .^ "Registrant FAQs" . Archived fromthe original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved18 December 2014 .^ General Eligibility Requirements and Principles for the new .LAW and .ABOGADO top-level domains Archived 29 November 2014 at theWayback Machine , accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ "Why choose .LTDA?" ..LTDA advantages . Archived fromthe original on 6 October 2014.^ "IANA — Repository of IDN Practices" .iana.org . Retrieved2 December 2014 .^a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay "Delegated Strings" . Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^a b "Chinese government buys 20,000 new IDN domain names" .Domain Name Wire - Domain Name News & Views . 19 March 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ ".政府 - ICANNWiki" .icannwiki . Retrieved17 September 2023 .^ "Google Registry – Google" . Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Report on the Delegation of the .বাংলা ("bangla") domain representing Bangladesh in Bengali script to the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Posts and Telecommunications Division" .www.iana.org . Retrieved31 December 2022 .^ "Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) | Registry.In" .www.registry.in . Retrieved19 December 2021 .^ ".africa Domain Frequently Asked Questions" ..africa - Registry Africa . 16 May 2020.Archived from the original on 16 May 2020. Retrieved16 May 2020 .^ "dotCapeTown - .CapeTown - The new domain extension for the City of Cape Town" . Nic.capetown. Archived fromthe original on 30 June 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "dotDurban - .Durban - The new domain extension for the City of Durban" . Nic.durban. Archived fromthe original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "dotJoburg - .Joburg - The new domain extension for the City of Johannesburg" . Nic.joburg. Archived fromthe original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA - .krd Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ .krd Network Information Centre , accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ "About .kyoto" .The Kyoto College of Graduate Studies for Informatics . Archived fromthe original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved9 October 2017 .^ "「.nagoya」名古屋のための新ドメイン" .GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社 . Archived fromthe original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA - .okinawa Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 25 August 2022.^ IANA - .ryukyu Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ ".taipei Net Top City" . Archived fromthe original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved4 November 2014 .^ "「.tokyo」東京のための新ドメイン" .GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社 . Archived fromthe original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "「.yokohama」横浜のための新ドメイン" .GMOドメインレジストリ株式会社 . Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Book your extension .alsace" .^ ".BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne" ..BZH - L'extension internet de la Bretagne .^a b (in Catalan) Fundació punt CAT | A Internet, el català és .cat. Registra ara un domini i identifica’t amb el teu .cat . Fundacio.cat. Retrieved 25 May 2014.^a b ".eus Domeinua - .eus - Euskara eta Euskal Kultura Interneten" . Nic.eus. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ ".paris Registration Policy" (PDF) .cdn.paris.fr . Retrieved27 September 2023 .^ "Startseite - .bayern - Das Web wird weiß-blau" .nic.bayern .^ (in German) berlin Top-Level-Domain Archived 18 December 2014 at theWayback Machine . Nic.berlin. Retrieved 25 May 2014.^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne" . Dot.cologne. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "The New TLDS .koeln & .cologne" . Dot.koeln. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 21 October 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA - .nrw Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 26 November 2014.^ ".ruhr" . Dot.ruhr. 5 September 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "dotSaarland GmbH" . Retrieved28 October 2014 .^ "Dominio .gal" . Dominio.gal. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA - .madrid Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ EURid .^ amsterdam Top-Level-Domain .^ ".brussels is now in the root! - DNS Belgium" . Nic.brussels. Archived fromthe original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^a b ".cymru .wales Our Home Online" . Retrieved4 November 2014 .^ (in Dutch) frl Top-Level-Domain . Nic.frl. Retrieved 5 September 2014.^ "Official website of .GENT" . Retrieved4 November 2014 .^ "The New London Code" . Nic.london. Archived fromthe original on 18 December 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "About TLDs .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА - dotMoscow: .MOSCOW and .МОСКВА TLDs for Russian Capital" . Nic.moscow. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Register .scot domains - Calico .scot domains - dotscot is the new Scottish top level domain" . Calico.scot. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Zonemaster växer.stockholm" .Zonemaster . The Swedish Internet Foundation.^ "Zuteilung und Verwaltung der Domain-Namen der zweiten Ebene, die der Internet-Domain ".swiss" untergeordnet sind" (in German). BAKOM. Retrieved6 March 2019 .^ "Mission" . Tatar Internet. Retrieved4 November 2014 .^ "Tirol Domain" (in German). Retrieved25 November 2014 .^ ".vlaanderen is now in the root! - DNS Belgium" . Nic.vlaanderen. Archived fromthe original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ ".wien: punktwien" . Nic.wien. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ ".zuerich Registry Operator Website" . Retrieved17 June 2015 .^ "Register domain in .su zone" . Retrieved4 June 2024 .^ IANA - .miami Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 25 November 2014.^ ".NYC Domain Name Extension - Official Website" ..NYC - The Official Website for the Ultimate New York City Address . Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ ".QUEBEC" . Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Dot Vegas, Inc" . Archived fromthe original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Why .kiwi?" . Hello.kiwi. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ Twenty4."nic.melbourne - Home page" .nic.melbourne . Retrieved21 October 2014 . {{cite web }}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link )^ IANA - .sydney Domain Delegation Data , IANA. Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ ".LAT Domain - About us" . Archived fromthe original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved13 August 2015 .^ ".LAT Domain - FAQs" . Archived fromthe original on 3 September 2015. Retrieved13 August 2015 .^ "IANA - .rio Domain Delegation Data" . Archived fromthe original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved1 December 2014 .^ xn--1qqw23a .html IANA - .佛山 Domain Delegation Data^ "О фонде | Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development" .^ ".abc Domain Registration - .abc Domains - American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc - Register American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. Domain Name .abc" .101domain.com . Retrieved22 July 2018 .^ IANA — .allfinanz Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 19 November 2014.^ IANA — .android Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 19 November 2014.^ "Legal - .Apple TLD Policies - Apple" .Apple Legal . Retrieved22 April 2021 .^ IANA — .aquarelle Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ "dotAXA: AXA Group New Online Space" (PDF) . Domains.axa. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^a b "Barclays begins using .Barclays and .Barclaycard top level domains" . 15 May 2015. Retrieved8 August 2015 .^ "FIBA launches .basketball as new digital identity of the global basketball community" (Press release). FIBA. 15 June 2017. Archived fromthe original on 2 July 2018. Retrieved2 July 2018 .^ IANA — .bloomberg Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 19 November 2014.^ "Home dotBMW registry operator" . nic.bmw. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .bnl Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 26 June 2015.^ "nic.bnpparibas" . Retrieved4 November 2014 .^ "IANA — .bradesco Domain Delegation Data" .iana.org . Retrieved3 November 2016 .^ IANA — .cal Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 19 November 2014.^ IANA — .caravan Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 19 November 2014.^ IANA — .cern Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ IANA — .chrome Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ "中国中信集团有限公司" . Nic.citic. Archived fromthe original on 26 February 2019. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .crs Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ IANA — .cuisinella Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ IANA — .dnp Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ IANA — .dvag Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ IANA — .edeka Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 10 October 2016.^ IANA — .emerck Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 November 2014.^ IANA — .everbank Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .firmdale Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ IANA — .flsmidth Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ "Using the .frogans gTLD" . Nic.frogans. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .gbiz Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ IANA — .gle Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ ".globo" . Nic.globo. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .gmail Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ IANA — .gmo Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ IANA — .gmx Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ IANA — Delegation Record for .GOOG . Accessed on line 3 October 2018.^ IANA — .google Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ ".hsbc" . Retrieved15 August 2015 .^ IANA — .ibm Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ IANA — .kred Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ IANA — .lacaixa Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 25 November 2014.^ IANA — .latrobe Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^a b This domain has been delegated to IRI Domain Management, LLC, a subsidiary ofIntellectual Reserve, Inc. , which is owned and operated by the LDS Church. ^ IANA — .lds Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ "IANA — .leclerc Domain Delegation Data" .iana.org . Retrieved18 June 2019 .^ "MANGO" . Nic.mango. Archived fromthe original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Home dotMINI registry operator" . Nic.mini. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ ".monash - Network Information Centre" . Nic.monash. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "New gTLD Program : InitialEvaluation Report : Report Date: 10 May 2013" (PDF) . Newgtlds.icann.org. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .mormon Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 21 November 2014.^ "Neustar Launches New TLD .Neustar" . Nic.neustar. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .nhk Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 26 November 2014.^ ".nico - The Brand TLD for Dwango Co., Ltd" . Dwango Co., Ltd. Retrieved2 November 2015 .^ IANA — .nra Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 26 November 2014.^ IANA — .otsuka Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 26 November 2014.^ "The New OVH Code" . Nic.ovh. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 1 December 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "NIC PIAGET" . Archived fromthe original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved17 March 2015 .^ IANA — .pohl Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ IANA — .praxi Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ IANA — .prod Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ NIC PwC . Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ "Site:.SANDVIKCOROMANT - Google Search" . Archived fromthe original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved26 January 2016 .^ ".sap - ICANNWiki" .icannwiki.org . Retrieved23 May 2017 .^ ".sca" . Archived fromthe original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved4 November 2014 .^ IANA — .schmidt Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .seek Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 20 July 2016.^ IANA — .sohu Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .spiegel Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .suzuki Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .tui Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 19 November 2014.^ IANA — .uol Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .williamhill Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .wme Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ IANA — .wtc Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ "This is .yandex" . Nic.yandex. Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 19 July 2014. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .youtube Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 2 December 2014.^ ".亚马逊 Domain Delegation Data" .www.iana.org . Retrieved28 June 2024 .^ ".アマゾン Domain Delegation Data" .www.iana.org . Retrieved28 June 2024 .^ "Nic.中信" . nic.中信. Archived fromthe original on 6 March 2015. Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ IANA — .vermögensberater Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ IANA — .vermögensberatung Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 1 December 2014.^ IANA — .グーグル Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ IANA — .谷歌 Domain Delegation Data . Accessed on line 24 November 2014.^ "DNSViz — 诺基亚 Retired 2022-12-06" .dnsviz.net . Retrieved7 December 2022 .^ "WHOIS 서비스란?" .Whois.nic . Retrieved21 October 2014 .^ "Special-use domain names" . Iana.org. Retrieved8 January 2018 .^ Multicast DNS doi :10.17487/RFC6762 RFC 6762 .^ "ipv6-literal.net Domain History" . who.is. Archived fromthe original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved20 October 2014 .^ Pfister, Pierre; Lemon, Ted (May 2018)."RFC: 8375 Special-Use Domain 'home.arpa.' .IETF Datatracker . Retrieved8 February 2024 . ^ Cheshire, Stuart; Krochmal, Marc (February 2013)."RFC: 6762 Multicast DNS Appendix G. Private DNS Namespaces" .IETF Datatracker . Retrieved8 February 2024 . ^ "Approved Resolutions | Special Meeting of the ICANN Board | 29 July 2024" .ICANN . 31 July 2024. Retrieved9 August 2024 .^ "ICANN Name Collision" .ICANN Wiki . Retrieved8 February 2024 .^ Werbach, Kevin (11 December 2018).The Blockchain and the New Architecture of Trust ISBN 978-0-262-34978-9 ^ domains, agt.".agt - The AI Agent TLD" ..agt domains . Retrieved2 August 2025 . ^ "List of Accredited Registrars" .ICANN.org . 1 August 2025. Retrieved1 August 2025 .^ "A crypto project to make internet names censorship-proof is now live" .MIT Technology Review . Retrieved2 August 2021 .^ "The Gold Rush Is on for Ethereum Domain Names" .Vice.com . 11 May 2017. Retrieved2 August 2021 .^ Francisco, Kieren McCarthy in San."Sucks to be you, ICANN. We can go our own way: Opera to support sites using renegade top-level domain .crypto" .www.theregister.com . Retrieved2 August 2021 . ^ Cimpanu, Catalin."OpenNIC drops support for .bit domain names after rampant malware abuse" .ZDNet . Retrieved2 August 2021 .
Language and Technical Other
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (viaVerisign)
Africa
Cape Town, South Africa
Durban, South Africa
Johannesburg, South Africa
Abu Dhabi, UAE
League of Arab States
Dubai, UAE
Kurdistan
Kyoto, Japan
Nagoya, Japan
Okinawa, Japan
Osaka, Japan
Taipei, Taiwan
Tokyo, Japan
Yokohama, Japan
Alsace
Brittany;Breton language and culture
Catalonia;Catalan language and culture
Corsica
Basque, Spain and France
Paris
Bavaria
Berlin
Cologne
Hamburg
North Rhine-Westphalia
Saarland
Barcelona
Galicia
Madrid
Boston, United States
Miami, United States
New York City, United States
Quebec, Canada
Las Vegas, United States
New Zealanders
Melbourne, Australia
Sydney, Australia
Latin America
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Moscow, Russia
Russian language,post-Soviet states
