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(7482) 1994 PC₁

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Near-Earth asteroid January 2022

(7482) 1994 PC₁
Discovery^[1]
Orbit with positions Jan 2020
Discovered by	R. H. McNaught
Discovery site	Siding Spring Obs.
Discovery date	9 August 1994
Designations
MPC designation	(7482)1994 PC₁
Alternative designations	1994 PC₁
Minor planet category	Apollo · NEO · PHA^[1]^[2]
Orbital characteristics^[1]
Epoch 2022-Jan-21 (JD 2459600.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	47.23 yr (17,251 days)
Earliestprecovery date	22 September 1974
Aphelion	1.7935AU
Perihelion	0.9042 AU
Semi-major axis	1.3488 AU
Eccentricity	0.3297
Orbital period (sidereal)	1.56yr (572 days)
Mean anomaly	337.27°
Mean motion	0° 37^m 51.6^s / day
Inclination	33.479°
Longitude of ascending node	117.88°
Argument of perihelion	47.477°
Earth MOID	0.00054 AU (0.21 LD)
Mars MOID	0.139 AU (20.8 million km)^[2]
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	1.052±0.303 km^[3] 1.30 km(calculated)^[4]
Synodic rotation period	2.5999h^[5]
Geometric albedo	0.277±0.185^[3] 0.20(assumed)^[4]
Spectral type	SMASS =S^[1]^[4]
Absolute magnitude (H)	16.6^[1]^[4] · 16.80±0.3^[3]

(7482) 1994 PC₁ is a stonyasteroid andnear-Earth object, currently estimated to be the mostpotentially hazardous asteroid over the next 1000 years.^[6]^[7] It is in theApollo group, approximately 1.1 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 August 1994, by astronomerRobert McNaught at theSiding Spring Observatory in Coonabarabran, Australia.^[2] With anobservation arc of 47 years it has a very well known orbit and was observed byGoldstone radar in January 1997.^[8]

Of all the known asteroids larger than 1 km,1994 PC₁ has the largest probability of a "deep close encounter" with Earth over the next 1000 years. It has a close encounter with Earth in 2525, after which the uncertainty of its orbit increases.^[6]

Orbit and classification

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1994 PC₁ orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.9–1.8 AU once every 1 years and 7 months (572 days). Its orbit has aneccentricity of 0.33 and aninclination of 33° with respect to theecliptic.^[1]

On 17 January 1933, it passed 811,350 km (504,150 mi) from theMoon and then about an hour later made its closest known approach to Earth of 1,125,400 km (699,300 mi).^[1] On 18 January 2022, it passed about 1,981,468 km (1,231,227 mi) from Earth.^[1]

Close approaches^[1]
Date	JPL SBDB nominal geocentric distance	uncertainty region (3-sigma)
1933-01-17	1125383 km	± 65 km^[a]
2022-01-18	1981468 km	± 47 km^[9]
2105-01-18	2328125 km	± 1069 km^[10]

Physical characteristics

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In theSMASS classification,1994 PC₁ is a common stonyS-type asteroid.^[1]^[4]

Rotation period

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In 1998, a rotationallightcurve of1994 PC₁ was obtained from photometric observations byPetr Pravec. Lightcurve analysis gave a well-definedrotation period of 2.5999 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.29magnitude (U=3).^[5]

Diameter and albedo

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According to the survey carried out by theNEOWISE mission of NASA'sWide-field Infrared Survey Explorer,1994 PC₁ measures 1.052 kilometers in diameter and its surface has analbedo of 0.277.^[3] TheCollaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 1.30 kilometers based on anabsolute magnitude of 16.8.^[4]

2022 flyby

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At 18 January 2022 21:51 UTC,1994 PC₁ passed 5.15lunar distances from Earth^[1] and had a3-sigma uncertainty region of less than ± 50 km.^[9] It peaked at anapparent magnitude of about 10^[11] placing it just outside the reach of common 7×50binoculars. The nearlyfull moon being about 100 degrees from the asteroid during closest approach may have made it more difficult to observe withsmaller telescopes.

2022 Moon/Earth approach
Date & Time	Approach to	Nominal distance
2022-01-18 18:58	Moon	2085780 km^[12]
2022-01-18 21:51	Earth	1981468 km^[1]

Animation of1994 PC₁ - 2022 close approach
Sun · Earth · 1994 PC₁

Sky trajectory with daily motion

History of close approaches of large near-Earth objects since 1908 ^(A)

PHA	Date	Approach distance (lunar dist.)			Abs. mag (H)	Diameter ^(C) (m)	Ref ^(D)
PHA	Date	Nomi- nal^(B)	Mini- mum	Maxi- mum	Abs. mag (H)	Diameter ^(C) (m)	Ref ^(D)
(33342) 1998 WT24	1908-12-16	3.542	3.537	3.547	17.9	556–1795	data
(458732) 2011 MD5	1918-09-17	0.911	0.909	0.913	17.9	556–1795	data
(7482) 1994 PC1	1933-01-17	2.927	2.927	2.928	16.8	749–1357	data
69230 Hermes	1937-10-30	1.926	1.926	1.927	17.5	668–2158	data
69230 Hermes	1942-04-26	1.651	1.651	1.651	17.5	668–2158	data
(137108) 1999 AN10	1946-08-07	2.432	2.429	2.435	17.9	556–1795	data
(33342) 1998 WT24	1956-12-16	3.523	3.523	3.523	17.9	556–1795	data
(163243) 2002 FB3	1961-04-12	4.903	4.900	4.906	16.4	1669–1695	data
(192642) 1999 RD32	1969-08-27	3.627	3.625	3.630	16.3	1161–3750	data
(143651) 2003 QO104	1981-05-18	2.761	2.760	2.761	16.0	1333–4306	data
2017 CH1	1992-06-05	4.691	3.391	6.037	17.9	556–1795	data
(170086) 2002 XR14	1995-06-24	4.259	4.259	4.260	18.0	531–1714	data
(33342) 1998 WT24	2001-12-16	4.859	4.859	4.859	17.9	556–1795	data
4179 Toutatis	2004-09-29	4.031	4.031	4.031	15.3	2440–2450	data
2014 JO25	2017-04-19	4.573	4.573	4.573	17.8	582–1879	data
(137108) 1999 AN10	2027-08-07	1.014	1.010	1.019	17.9	556–1795	data
(35396) 1997 XF11	2028-10-26	2.417	2.417	2.418	16.9	881–2845	data
(154276) 2002 SY50	2071-10-30	3.415	3.412	3.418	17.6	714–1406	data
(164121) 2003 YT1	2073-04-29	4.409	4.409	4.409	16.2	1167–2267	data
(385343) 2002 LV	2076-08-04	4.184	4.183	4.185	16.6	1011–3266	data
(52768) 1998 OR2	2079-04-16	4.611	4.611	4.612	15.8	1462–4721	data
(33342) 1998 WT24	2099-12-18	4.919	4.919	4.919	17.9	556–1795	data
(85182) 1991 AQ	2130-01-27	4.140	4.139	4.141	17.1	1100	data
314082 Dryope	2186-07-16	3.709	2.996	4.786	17.5	668–2158	data
(137126) 1999 CF9	2192-08-21	4.970	4.967	4.973	18.0	531–1714	data
(290772) 2005 VC	2198-05-05	1.951	1.791	2.134	17.6	638–2061	data
^(A) List includes near-Earth approaches of less than 5lunar distances (LD) of objects withH brighter than 18. ^(B)Nominal geocentric distance from the Earth's center to the object's center (Earth radius≈0.017 LD). ^(C) Diameter: estimated, theoretical mean-diameter based onH andalbedo range between X and Y. ^(D) Reference: data source from theJPL SBDB, withAU converted into LD (1 AU≈390 LD) ^(E) Color codes: unobserved at close approach observed during close approach upcoming approaches

Naming

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As of 2022, thisminor planet has not been named.^[2]

Notes

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^The 1933 approach is better constrained than the 2105 approach as a result of the 1974, 1977, 1980precovery images of the asteroid.^[2]

References

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^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 7482 (1994 PC1)" (Under "Distance Units" select km for more sig figs). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved12 January 2022.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e"7482 (1994 PC1)".Minor Planet Center. Retrieved12 January 2022.
^^a ^b ^c ^dMainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; McMillan, R. S.; et al. (November 2012). "Physical Parameters of Asteroids Estimated from the WISE 3-Band Data and NEOWISE Post-Cryogenic Survey".The Astrophysical Journal Letters.760 (1): 6.arXiv:1210.0502.Bibcode:2012ApJ...760L..12M.doi:10.1088/2041-8205/760/1/L12.S2CID 41459166.
^^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f"LCDB Data for (7482)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved2 November 2017.
^^a ^bPravec, Petr; Wolf, Marek; Sarounová, Lenka (November 1998). "Lightcurves of 26 Near-Earth Asteroids".Icarus.136 (1):124–153.Bibcode:1998Icar..136..124P.doi:10.1006/icar.1998.5993.
^^a ^bCarter, Jamie (29 May 2023)."We Are (Probably) Safe From Asteroids For 1,000 Years, Say Scientists".Forbes. Retrieved29 September 2024.
^Fuentes-Muñoz, Oscar; Scheeres, Daniel J.; Farnocchia, Davide; Park, Ryan S. (12 June 2023)."The Hazardous km-sized NEOs of the Next Thousands of Years".The Astronomical Journal.166 (1): 10.arXiv:2305.04896.Bibcode:2023AJ....166...10F.doi:10.3847/1538-3881/acd378.ISSN 1538-3881.
^"Asteroid Radar History". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved12 January 2022.
^^a ^b"Horizons Batch for 2022-Jan-18 21:51 UT".JPL Horizons.Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved13 January 2021.
^"Horizons Batch for 2105-Jan-18 12:28 UT".JPL Horizons.Archived from the original on 13 January 2022. Retrieved13 January 2021.
^"Earth Approach Jan 2022".JPL Horizons. Retrieved5 January 2022.
^"Moon Horizons Batch for 2022-Jan-18 18:58 UT".JPL Horizons.Archived from the original on 19 January 2022. Retrieved19 January 2021.

External links

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A Giant Asteroid Bigger Than The Empire State Building Is About to Zip Past Earth (Fiona MacDonald 5 January 2022)
Huge asteroid will pass Earth safely January 18 (Eddie Irizarry December 30, 2021)
Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at theWayback Machine)
Sky and Telescope: The kilometer-wide, potentially hazardous asteroid 1994 PC1 will fly past Earth on January 18th.
Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
(7482) 1994 PC1 atNeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site
- Ephemerides · Observation prediction · Orbital info · MOID · Proper elements · Observational info · Close approaches · Physical info · Orbit animation
(7482) 1994 PC1 atESA–space situational awareness
- Ephemerides · Observations · Orbit · Physical properties · Summary
(7482) 1994 PC1 at theJPL Small-Body Database
- Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

v t e Minor planets navigator
7481 San Marcello (7482) 1994 PC1 7483 Sekitakakazu

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