Sanming 三明市 | |
|---|---|
  .jpg) .jpg) .jpg) Clockwise from top: Liedong Bridge (列东大桥) over Sha River (沙溪),Taining Golden Lake, street scene inYong'an, moreDanxia Landform in Taining County, and Baiyan Park inDatian County. | |
 Location of Sanming City in Fujian | |
  Sanming Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Sanming municipal government):26°15′48″N117°38′20″E / 26.2634°N 117.6389°E /26.2634; 117.6389 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Municipal seat | Sanyuan District |
| Area | |
| 22,929 km2 (8,853 sq mi) | |
| Population (2020 Census) | |
| 2,486,450 | |
| • Density | 108.44/km2 (280.86/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,571,500 |
| GDP[1] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 270 billion US$ 39.2 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 108,304 US$ 17,004 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (CST) |
| Postal code | 365000 |
| Area code | 598 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-FJ-04 |
| License Plate | 闽G |
| Local variety | Central Min (Sanming dialect) |
| Website | www.sm.gov.cn |
Sanming (Chinese:三明;pinyin:Sānmíng,Foochow Romanized: Săng-mìng), also known as Minzhong (simplified Chinese:闽中; traditional Chinese:閩中), is aprefecture-level city in westernFujian province, China. It bordersNanping City to the north,Fuzhou City to the east,Quanzhou City to the southeast,Longyan City to the south and the province ofJiangxi to the west. Sanming lies betweenWuyi andDaiyun mountains.
The prefecture level city of Sanming has a total area of 22,965 km2 (8,867 sq mi),[2] of which 82 percent of this extension is composed ofmountainous areas, 8.3 percent ofarable land and 9.7 percent of water or other type of terrain.
Sanming is well known by its beautiful nature landscape with different landforms, including uniqueDanxia Landform and abundantKarst topography. The most famous spots include globalgeopark Taining Golden Lake inTaining County, Yuhua Cave inJiangle County and Goose Cave inNinghua County.
| Climate data for Sanming, elevation 208 m (682 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.5 (83.3) | 34.4 (93.9) | 35.1 (95.2) | 35.5 (95.9) | 37.0 (98.6) | 37.9 (100.2) | 41.4 (106.5) | 41.0 (105.8) | 38.6 (101.5) | 35.8 (96.4) | 34.1 (93.4) | 29.1 (84.4) | 41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) | 17.5 (63.5) | 20.5 (68.9) | 25.6 (78.1) | 28.9 (84.0) | 31.5 (88.7) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.0 (93.2) | 31.2 (88.2) | 26.9 (80.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 25.4 (77.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.3 (50.5) | 12.3 (54.1) | 15.2 (59.4) | 20.0 (68.0) | 23.5 (74.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.0 (82.4) | 25.7 (78.3) | 21.4 (70.5) | 16.6 (61.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 19.9 (67.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) | 8.8 (47.8) | 11.7 (53.1) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.9 (67.8) | 22.8 (73.0) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 22.0 (71.6) | 17.5 (63.5) | 13.0 (55.4) | 8.1 (46.6) | 16.3 (61.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −3.8 (25.2) | −2.5 (27.5) | −1.8 (28.8) | 4.2 (39.6) | 9.6 (49.3) | 14.0 (57.2) | 20.0 (68.0) | 18.6 (65.5) | 13.1 (55.6) | 6.0 (42.8) | 0.4 (32.7) | −5.8 (21.6) | −5.8 (21.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 69.4 (2.73) | 106.6 (4.20) | 185.9 (7.32) | 192.0 (7.56) | 264.6 (10.42) | 272.2 (10.72) | 147.9 (5.82) | 181.7 (7.15) | 98.2 (3.87) | 50.4 (1.98) | 63.9 (2.52) | 53.0 (2.09) | 1,685.8 (66.38) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 11.5 | 13.5 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 18.6 | 17.5 | 13.3 | 15.5 | 10.8 | 7.6 | 7.8 | 8.9 | 159.5 |
| Average snowy days | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.7 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 77 | 77 | 79 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 74 | 76 | 76 | 73 | 76 | 76 | 77 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 91.8 | 87.1 | 86.7 | 107.4 | 120.5 | 130.5 | 212.6 | 190.7 | 161.0 | 157.5 | 121.9 | 112.6 | 1,580.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 28 | 27 | 23 | 28 | 29 | 32 | 51 | 48 | 44 | 44 | 38 | 35 | 36 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4] | |||||||||||||
According to the2010 Census, Sanming has a population of 2,503,338, 70,687 inhabitants less than in 2000 Census (the average annual population growth for the period 2000-2010 was of -0.28%).[5] The emigration of population from Sanming to other areas of Fujian is a constant process, even encouraged by government politics since the 1960s.
Theprefecture-level city of Sanming administers 2districts, 1county-level city, 8counties. The information here presented is in km2 and using data from 2010 Census.
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Chinese | Pinyin | Foochow | Area | Population | Density |
| Sanyuan District | 三元区 | Sānyuán Qū | Săng-nguòng-kṳ̆ | 1156 | 375,497 | 324 |
| Shaxian District | 沙县区 | Shāxiàn Qū | Să-gâing-kṳ̆ | 1,815 | 226,669 | 125 |
| Yong'an City | 永安市 | Yǒng'ān Shì | Īng-ăng-chê | 2,941 | 347,042 | 118 |
| Mingxi County | 明溪县 | Míngxī Xiàn | Mìng-kă̤-gâing | 1,704 | 102,667 | 60 |
| Qingliu County | 清流县 | Qīngliú Xiàn | Chĭng-liù-gâing | 1,825 | 136,248 | 75 |
| Ninghua County | 宁化县 | Nínghuà Xiàn | Nìng-huá-gâing | 2,381 | 272,443 | 114 |
| Datian County | 大田县 | Dàtián Xiàn | Duâi-dièng-gâing | 2,294 | 311,631 | 136 |
| Youxi County | 尤溪县 | Yóuxī Xiàn | Iù-kă̤-gâing | 3,425 | 352,067 | 103 |
| Jiangle County | 将乐县 | Jiānglè Xiàn | Ciŏng-lŏk-gâing | 2,247 | 148,867 | 66 |
| Taining County | 泰宁县 | Tàiníng Xiàn | Tái-nìng-gâing | 1,534 | 110,278 | 72 |
| Jianning County | 建宁县 | Jiànníng Xiàn | Gióng-nìng-gâing | 1,742 | 119,979 | 69 |
In 1940 Sanyuan County was established. In 1956, Mingxi and Sanyuan Counties were combined to Sanming County, then in 1960 it was replaced with Sanming city.[6]
Sanming has four well preserved and protected National Parks. The city was labeled as the most "green" city of the most "green" province in China.
Da Jin Hu, which is the most famous tourist spot in Sanming, is also well known as Taining Gorden LakeGeopark marked byUNESCO. The Geopark is famous for its uniqueDanxia Landform. The lake situated inside Taining County at the south end of Wuyi Mountain is the major State-level place of scenic beauty with the length of 60-plus kilometres and water area of more than 50 thousand mu. The best tour season of Taining Jinhu Lake is from April to October each year.
Besides, there are quite a number of places of historic interest and scenic beauty which include the State-level Taining Jinhu Lake, Yong-an Taoyuan Cave--------Linying Stone Forest, and the provincial level Jiangle Yuhua Cave, Sha Xian Qixian Cave, Ninghua Tian-er Cave and Meilie Ruiyun Mountain in Sanming. The natural reserves in Jiangle Longxi mountain, Xingkou Geshikao, Shaxian Nanmu Forest and Yong-an Tianbao Rock have been well known for the rare animals. The ancient architectural structure in Taining, Shibi Village, the originating place of the Hakkas in Ninghua and the birthplace of Zhu Xi in Youxi have all been noticeable both in China and overseas.
Yong-an Taoyuan Cave, situated by Yan River on the north of Yong-an City, is a major State-level place of scenic beauty with an area of 10 kilometres.
Linying Stone Forest, a marvellous spectacle located in Dahu Village 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northwest of Yong-an City, is a State-level major place of scenic beauty with a total area of 1.21 square kilometres (0.47 sq mi).
The architectural structure group built in the ancient Ming Dynasty situated at the center of the urban district of Taining County is a State-level cultural relics under protection, having a high value in studying the ancient Chinese architecture, especially that in the Ming Dynasty.
The city is served bySanming Shaxian Airport.
Sanming University is the sole university in Sanming.
Local food style in Sanming City normally includes various snacks especially the famous Sha County Snacks. Sha County snack is one of well-known snack styles in China, which can be found in hundreds of cities around mainland China.
Sha County snacks have a long history and are known to be living artifacts of the Han people's food culture.
Currently, 39 varieties ofSha County snacks have been labeled as "Famous Chinese Snacks" and 63 kinds as "Famous Fujian Snacks." The China Cuisine Association awarded Sha County the title of "Snack Culture City" in China on December 8, 2006.
The production process ofSha County snacks was listed in Fujianintangible cultural heritage in 2007, and has been declared a national intangible cultural heritage. Representing Fujian, Sha County snacks are also available on the Chinese Food Street at the Shanghai 2010 World Expo.
BesidesSha County snacks,Yong'an snacks andNinghua County snacks attract local people a lot as well.
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