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示
← 112 Radical 113 (U+2F70) 114 →
示 (U+793A) "ancestor, veneration"
Pronunciations
Pinyin:	shì
Bopomofo:	ㄕˋ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh:	shyh
Wade–Giles:	shih4
Cantonese Yale:	sih
Jyutping:	si6
JapaneseKana:	シ shi (on'yomi) しめ-す shime-su (kun'yomi)
Sino-Korean:	시 si
Names
Chinese name(s):	(Left) 示字旁 shìzìpáng (Bottom) 示字底 shìzìdǐ
Japanese name(s):	しめす shimesu 示偏/しめすへん shimesuhen ネ偏/ねへん nehen
Hangul:	보일 boil
Stroke order animation

Radical 113 orradical spirit (示部) meaningancestor orveneration is number 113 out of the 214Kangxi radicals. It is one of the 23 radicals composed of 5strokes. When appearing at the left side of a character, the radical transforms into礻 (consisting of 4 strokes) in modern Chinese and Japanesejōyō kanji.

The compound form 礻 always appears in the left half of the characters.

In theKangxi Dictionary, there are 213 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under thisradical.

示 is also the 100th indexing component in theTable of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted bySimplified Chinese dictionaries published inmainland China, with the left component form礻 being its associated indexing component.

The character示 represents an altar or offering table, the top stroke depicting the offered goods. In theoracle bone script, the table has aT shape.

Semantically, the sign suggests a relation to anything connected with animism intraditional Chinese religion, such as祭 "to sacrifice, to practice ancestor veneration", ultimately composed of the sign for meat肉 and the sign for a hand手 above the altar character, as it iconographically means "hand placing meat on an altar". The sign祟 for "evil spirit" originally referred to misfortune caused by malevolent spirits.

In禁 (jìn) "to forbid, restrict, restrain", the林 (lín) above the radical has only phonetic significance (rebus writing). Similarly,神 "spirit" has radical 113 plus申 (shēn) as a phonetic marker.祖 "ancestor" on the other hand has radical 113 plus且, a pictograph of a stand with shelves for offerings to ancestors.

Some signs including the radical have no connection with spirits or animism and are placed in the category purely on formal grounds, such as 票 "ticket" which originally had radical火 rather than 示.

• 
  Oracle bone script character
• 
  Large seal script character
• 
  Small seal script character

This radical takes different forms in different languages or characters.

When used as a left component, traditionally, only ⺬ was used in printing, while 礻 was overwhelmingly preferred in writingregular script. In theKangxi Dictionary,⺬ was chosen as the standard form.

Inmainland China, after the adoption ofsimplified Chinese characters andxin zixing (new character forms),礻, which used to be a handwriting form, became the standardxin zixing printing form (e.g.神,福). This change also applies to China'sGuo Biao (national standard) Traditional Chinese characters used chiefly in printing Chinese classics (e.g.禪).礻 is also chosen as the standard form in the Taiwan standard and the Hong Kong standard of Traditional Chinese, though⺬ (traditional) and礻 (the first stroke is vertical) are also widely used in Traditional Chinese publications.

In Japan,礻 was adopted as the standard form of inshinjitai, and the difference between礻 and⺬ is treated as the difference between the new and old forms (e.g.禪→禅). However, this simplification applies only tojōyō kanji. WhileJIS X 0208:1983 simplified somehyōgai kanji with the left component⺬ (e.g.祇), this change was not in conformity with the Publishing Standard Glyphs ofhyōgai kanji released by the National Language Council in 2000 and was undone in later versions of JIS.Hyōgai kanji with the simplified form礻 are often seen asextended shinjitai. Both forms are acceptable when writinghyōgai kanji, but only the simplified form is recognized as the standard form injōyō kanji.

The left component form is not simplified in Korean hanja (e.g.神,福).

The radical also has different variants when appearing independently or at the bottom of a character.

In theKangxi Dictionary,示 as an independent character does not have a hook in its third stroke, while the hook exists when the radical is used as a component. Both forms have traditionally been widely used for printing and handwriting, while in modern times, different authorities have prescribed different forms as their standards. The hook does not exist in Taiwan'sStandard Form of National Characters, exists in Mainland China'sGuo Biao standard, Japanese kanji, and Korean hanja.

The radical is also used as an independentChinese character. It is one of theKyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school inJapan.^[1] It is a fifth grade kanji.^[1]

• Fazzioli, Edoardo (1987).Chinese calligraphy : from pictograph to ideogram : the history of 214 essential Chinese/Japanese characters. calligraphy by Rebecca Hon Ko. New York:Abbeville Press.ISBN 0-89659-774-1.
• Leyi Li: “Tracing the Roots of Chinese Characters: 500 Cases”. Beijing 1993,ISBN 978-7-5619-0204-2

Wikimedia Commons has media related toRadical 113.

• Unihan Database - U+793A

• Chinese numerals
• Ancestor Veneration in China
• Radical 194 (鬼 "ghost")

• Kyōiku kanji
• Kangxi radicals
• Simplified Chinese radicals
• Chinese folk religion

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