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List of Cyrillic multigraphs

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Main article:Cyrillic digraphs

The followingmultigraphs are used in theCyrillic script. Thepalatalized consonants ofRussian and other languages written as C-⟨ь⟩ are mostly predictable and therefore not included here unless they are irregular. Likewise, in thelanguages of the Caucasus, there are numerous other predictable multigraphs that are not included. These include doubled letters (or whole digraphs) that indicate 'tense' ('strong') consonants andlong vowels; sequences with⟨в⟩,⟨у⟩,⟨ә⟩ forlabialized consonants; and sequences with⟨ӏ⟩ or⟨ъ⟩ forejective consonants orpharyngealized consonants and vowels.Tatar also has discontinuous digraphs. SeeCyrillic digraphs for examples.

А

"Ан" redirects here. For the Mongolian political party abbreviated "АН" (AN), seeDemocratic Party (Mongolia).

⟨а а⟩:

Archi:[aː]

⟨а аӏ⟩:

Archi:[aːˤ]

⟨а н⟩:

Dungan:[æ̃]

⟨а ь⟩:

⟨аӏ⟩:

Archi:[aˤ]

В

⟨в ь⟩:

Shughni:[w]

Г

⟨г в⟩:

⟨г г⟩:

Tabasaran:[ɣ]

⟨г у⟩:

Adyghe:[ɡʷ]
Kabardian:[ɡʷ]
Ossetian:[ɡʷ]
Also found in several other languages where⟨у⟩ is used forlabialization (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

⟨г ў⟩:

Aleut language (Bering dialect):[w]

⟨г ъ⟩:

⟨г ъ в⟩:

⟨г ъ у⟩:

⟨г ъ ь⟩:

Abaza:[ʁʲ]

⟨г ъӏ⟩:

Archi:[ʁˤ]

⟨г ъӏв⟩:

Archi:[ʁˤʷ]

⟨г ь⟩:

⟨г ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[ɡʷ]

⟨гӏ⟩:

⟨гӏв⟩:

Abaza:[ʕʷ]

Ӷ

⟨ӷ ь⟩:

Abkhaz:[ʁʲ]

⟨ӷ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[ʁʷ]

Д

⟨д ж⟩

Abaza:[d͡ʒ]
Adyghe:[d͡ʒ]
Aghul:[d͡z]
Belarusian:[d͡ʐ]
Bulgarian:[d͡ʒ]
Crimean Tatar:[d͡ʒ]
Dargwa:[d͡ʒ]
Kabardian:[d͡ʒ]
Karachay-Balkar:[d͡ʒ] (Karachay);[d͡z] (Balkar)
Komi:[d͡ʒ]
Lezgian:[d͡ʒ]
Ossetian:[d͡ʒ]
Russian:[d͡ʐ]
Tabasaran:[d͡ʒ]
Ukrainian:[d͡ʒ]

⟨д ж в⟩

Abaza:[d͡ʒʷ]

⟨д ж ь⟩

Abaza:[d͡ʑ]

⟨д з⟩

⟨д з у⟩:

Adyghe:[d͡zʷ]

⟨д ч⟩:

Russian:[t͡ɕ] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨д ь⟩:

Yakut:[d͡ʑ]

⟨д ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[dʷ]

Е

⟨е е⟩

Archi:[eː]

⟨е еӏ⟩

Archi:[eːˤ]

⟨еӏ⟩

Archi:[eˤ]

Ё

⟨ё н⟩:

Dungan:[jɔ̃]

⟨ё ь⟩:

Chechen:[jø]

Ж

⟨ж в⟩

⟨ж д⟩:

Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced[ʐd] (palatalized to[ʐdʲ] before⟨ь⟩ and palatalizing vowels). However, in the word дождь ("rain") and its derivatives, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound[ʑː] (devoiced to[ɕː] in the nominative singular of дождь). The unpalatalized pronunciation[ʐː] in these words (unlike words with⟨жж⟩ or⟨зж⟩) is uncommon and considered nonstandard.

⟨ж ж⟩:

Russian: usually not a digraph, and pronounced[ʐː]. However, the conservative Moscow pronunciation uses the sound[ʑː] (though this is becoming increasingly outdated).^[1]

⟨ж ч⟩:

Russian:[ɕː] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨ж ъ⟩:

Adyghe:[ʐ]

⟨ж ъ у⟩:

Adyghe:[ʒʷ]

⟨ж ь⟩:

⟨ж ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[ʒʷ]

З

⟨з в⟩ :

Archi:[zʷ]
Lezgian:[zʷ]

⟨з ж⟩

Russian:[ʐː] (regular) or[ʑː] (conservative Moscow pronunciation) (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨з ч⟩:

Russian:[ɕː] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Ӡ

⟨ӡ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[d͡ʑʷ]

И

⟨и и⟩ :

Archi:[iː]

⟨и иӏ⟩ :

Archi:[iːˤ]

⟨и й⟩:

Chechen:[iː]
Mongolian:[iː]

⟨иӏ⟩ :

Archi:[iˤ]

Й

⟨й х⟩:

Moksha:[ç]

К

⟨к в⟩:

⟨к к⟩:

⟨к к в⟩:

Archi:[kːʷ]

⟨к к х⟩:

Chechen:[qː]

⟨к к ъ⟩:

Archi:[qːʼ]

⟨к к ъӏ⟩:

Archi:[qːˤʼ]

⟨к к ъӏв⟩:

Archi:[qːˤʷʼ]

⟨к у⟩:

Adyghe:[kʷ]
Kabardian:[kʷ]
Ossetian:[kʷ] or[kʷʰ]
Also found in several other languages where⟨у⟩ is used forlabialization (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore does not result in a true digraph).

⟨к х⟩:

Chechen[q]
Ingush[q]

Trigraph Кхъ

⟨к х ъ⟩

Kabardian:[q͡χ]

⟨к х ъ у⟩

Kabardian:[q͡χʷ]

⟨к ъ⟩:

⟨к ъ в⟩:

⟨к ъ у⟩:

⟨к ъ ь⟩:

Abaza:[qʲʼ]

⟨к ъӏ⟩:

Archi:[qˤʼ]

⟨к ъӏв⟩:

Archi:[qˤʷʼ]

⟨к ь⟩:

⟨к ь в⟩:

Archi:[k͡ʟ̝̊ʷʼ]
Lezgian:[qʷʼ]

⟨к ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[kʼʷ]

⟨кӏ⟩:

⟨кӏв⟩:

⟨кӏкӏ⟩:

Avar:[kːʼ]

⟨кӏу⟩:

Adyghe:[kʷʼ]
Kabardian:[kʷʼ]

⟨кӏь⟩:

Abaza:[kʲʼ]

⟨к ʼ⟩:

Itelmen:[kʼ]
Nivkh:[kʰ]

Қ

⟨қ ь⟩:

Abkhaz:[kʰʲ]

⟨қ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[kʷʰ]

Ҟ

⟨ҟ ь⟩:

Abkhaz:[qʲʼ]

⟨ҟ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[qʼʷ]

Ӄ

⟨ӄ ʼ⟩:

Itelmen:[qʼ]
Nivkh:[qʰ]

Л

⟨л л ъ⟩:

Archi:[ʟ̝̊ː]

⟨л л ъ в⟩:

Archi:[ʟ̝̊ːʷ]

⟨л х⟩:

Moksha:[l̥]
Mongolian:[ɬʰ]

⟨л ъ⟩:

⟨л ъ в⟩:

Archi:[ʟ̝̊ʷ]

⟨л ъ л ъ⟩:

Avar:[ɬː]

⟨л ь⟩:

Abaza:[ɮ]

⟨лӏ⟩ :

⟨лӏв⟩ :

Archi:[k͡ʟ̝̊ʷ]

Н

⟨н г⟩:

⟨н ъ⟩:

Crimean Tatar:[ŋ]

⟨н ь⟩:

Yakut:[ɲ]
In thecyrillization of Chinese it is used for a word-final[n], equivalent topinyin⟨n⟩.

Ң

⟨ң в⟩:

Khanty:[ŋʷ]

О

⟨о в⟩:

⟨о е⟩:

Selkup:[æ]

⟨о н⟩:

Dungan[aŋ]

⟨о о⟩ :

Archi:[oː]
Shughni:[oː]

⟨о оӏ⟩ :

Archi:[oːˤ]

⟨о ь⟩:

⟨оӏ⟩ :

Archi:[oˤ]

П

⟨п п⟩

⟨п ъ⟩:

Ossetian:[pʼ]

⟨пӏ⟩ :

⟨пӏу⟩ :

Adyghe:[pʷʼ]

⟨п ʼ⟩:

Itelmen:[pʼ]
Nivkh:[pʰ]

Р

⟨р х⟩:

Moksha:[r̥]

⟨р хӏ⟩:

Chechen:[r̥]
Ingush[r̥]

С

⟨с в⟩:

Archi:[sʷ]
Lezgian:[sʷ]

⟨с ж⟩:

Russian:[ʐː] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨с с⟩:

⟨с щ⟩:

Russian:[ɕː] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

Т

⟨т в⟩ :

Archi:[tʷʰ]
Lezgian:[tʷ] or[tʷʰ]

⟨т л⟩ :

Abaza:[ɬ]

⟨т т⟩:

⟨т ч⟩:

Russian:[t͡ɕ] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨т ш⟩:

Abaza:[t͡ʃ]
Komi:[t͡ʃ]

⟨т ъ⟩:

Ossetian:[tʼ]

⟨т ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[tʼʷ]

⟨тӏ⟩:

⟨тӏв⟩ :

Lezgian:[tʷʼ]

⟨тӏу⟩:

Adyghe:[tʷʼ]

⟨т ʼ⟩:

Itelmen:[tʼ]
Nivkh:[tʰ]

Ҭ

⟨ҭ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[tʷʰ]

У

⟨у в⟩:

Chechen:[uː]
Ingush:[uw]

⟨у о⟩:

Shughni:[ɵ]

⟨у у⟩ :

Archi:[uː]
Shughni:[uː]

⟨у уӏ⟩ :

Archi:[uːˤ]

⟨у ь⟩:

⟨у ь й⟩:

Chechen:[yː]

⟨уӏ⟩ :

Archi:[uˤ]

Ү

⟨ү й⟩:

Turkmen: (until 1993, in that year theTurkmen alphabet becameLatin)[yː]

Ф

⟨ф ф⟩:

Aghul:[fː]

⟨фӏ⟩:

Abaza:[fʼ]
Kabardian:[fʼ]

Х

⟨х в⟩:

⟨х у⟩:

Kabardian:[xʷ]
Ossetian:[χʷ]

⟨х х⟩:

⟨х х в⟩:

Archi:[χːʷ]

⟨х х ьӏ⟩:

Archi:[χːˤ]

⟨х х ьӏв⟩:

Archi:[χːˤʷ]

⟨х ъ⟩:

⟨х ъ в⟩:

⟨х ъ у⟩:

⟨х ъӏ⟩:

Archi:[qˤʰ]

⟨х ъӏв⟩:

Archi:[qˤʷʰ]

⟨х ь⟩:

⟨х ь в⟩:

Lezgian:[xʷ]

⟨х ь х ь⟩:

Aghul:[xː]
Avar:[xː]

⟨х ьӏ⟩:

Archi:[χˤ]

⟨х ьӏв⟩:

Archi:[χˤʷ]

⟨х ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[χʷ]

⟨хӏ⟩:

⟨хӏв⟩:

Abaza:[ħʷ]

Ҳ

⟨ҳ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[ħʷ]

Ц

⟨ц в⟩ :

Archi:[t͡sʷ]
Lezgian:[t͡sʷ] or[t͡sʷʰ]

⟨ц з⟩:

In thecyrillization of Chinese it is used for[t͡s] and[t͡ɕ], equivalent topinyin⟨z⟩ and, before an iotated vowel,⟨j⟩.

⟨ц у⟩:

Adyghe:[t͡sʷ]

⟨ц ц⟩:

⟨ц цӏ⟩:

Archi:[t͡sːʼ]

⟨ц ъ⟩:

Ossetian:[t͡sʼ]

⟨ц ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[t͡ɕʷ]

⟨цӏ⟩:

⟨цӏв⟩ :

Lezgian:[t͡sʷʼ]

⟨цӏцӏ⟩:

Avar:[t͡sːʼ]

Ҵ

⟨ҵ ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[t͡ɕʷʼ]

Ч

⟨ч в⟩:

⟨ч ж⟩:

In thecyrillization of Chinese it is used for[t͡ʂ], equivalent topinyin⟨zh⟩.

⟨ч ч⟩:

⟨ч ъ⟩:

Adyghe:[t͡ʂ]
Ossetian:[t͡ʃʼ]

⟨чӏ⟩:

⟨чӏв⟩:

Abaza:[t͡ʃʷʼ]
Archi:[t͡ʃʷʼ]

⟨чӏчӏ⟩:

Avar:[t͡ʃːʼ]

⟨ч ʼ⟩:

Itelmen:[t͡ʃʼ]

Џ

⟨џ ь⟩:

Abkhaz:[d͡ʒ]

Ш

⟨ш в⟩:

⟨ш ч⟩:

Russian:[ɕː] (though this is a predictable effect ofassimilation, and therefore not a true digraph)

⟨ш ъ⟩:

Adyghe:[ʂ]

⟨ш ъ у⟩:

Adyghe:[ʃʷ]

⟨ш ь⟩:

Abkhaz:[ʃ]

⟨ш ә⟩:

Abkhaz:[ʃʷ]

⟨шӏ⟩:

Abaza:[t͡ʃʼ]
Adyghe:[ʃʼ]

⟨шӏу⟩:

Adyghe:[ʃʷʼ]

Щ

⟨щ в⟩:

Archi:[ʃːʷ]

⟨щӏ⟩:

Kabardian:[ɕʼ]

Ы

⟨ыӏ⟩:

Tsakhur:[ɨˤ]

Э

⟨э й⟩:

Shughni:[ɛj]

⟨э р⟩:

Dungan:[aɻ]

⟨э э⟩:

Archi:[eː]
Shughni:[eː]

⟨э эӏ⟩:

Archi:[eːˤ]

⟨эӏ⟩:

Archi:[eˤ]

Ю

⟨ю й⟩:

In thecyrillization of Chinese it is used for[y], equivalent topinyin⟨yu⟩.

⟨ю ь⟩:

Chechen:[jy]

Я

⟨я н⟩:

Dungan:[jæ̃]

⟨я ь⟩:

ӏ

⟨ӏу⟩:

Adyghe:[ʔʷ]
Kabardian:[ʔʷ]

⟨ӏь⟩:

Budukh:[ʔ̰]
Kabardian (dialectal):[h]

See also

References

^Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,45 (2): 224,doi:10.1017/S0025100314000395

v
t
e

Cyrillic script

Italics indicate that the language no longer uses Cyrillic

Cyrillic alphabets

Cyrillization of

Letters of the Cyrillic script
Primary letters	Аа Бб Вв Гг Дд Ее Жж Зз Ии Іі Йй Кк Лл Мм Нн Оо Пп Рр Сс Тт Уу Фф Хх Цц Чч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя
Other Slavic letters	Ѓѓ Ґґ Ђђ Ёё Єє З́з́ Ѕѕ Її Ꙇꙇ Јј Љљ Њњ С́с́ Ќќ Ћћ Ўў Џџ Ꙏꙏ
Non-Slavic letters	А̊а̊ А̃а̃ Ӓ̄ӓ̄ Ӕӕ Әә Ә̃ә̃ Ӛӛ В̌в̌ Ԝԝ Ҕҕ Ғғ Ӻӻ Ғ̌ Ӷ/Г̡ Д̌ Д̆ Ӗ Е̃ Ё̄ Є̈ Ԑ Җ Ӝ Ӂ Ҙ Ӟ З̌ Ӡ И̃ И̇ Ҋ Қ Ӄ Ҡ Ҟ Ҝ Ԛ Л́ Ӆ Ԯ Ԓ Ӎ ᵸ Ӊ Ԩ Ң Ӈ Ҥ О̆ О̃ Ө Ө̄ Ө̆ Ӫ Ԥ Р̌ Ҏ Ҫ Т̌ Ҭ Ᲊ Ӱӱ У̃ Ӳ У̊ Ұ Ү Ү́ Х̑ Х̌ Ҳ Ӽ Ӿ Һ Ԧ Ҵ Ҷ Ҷ̣ Ӵ Ӌ Ҹ Ч̣ Ҽ Ҿ Ы̆ Ы̄ Ӹ Ҍ Ҩ Э̄ Э̇ Ӭ Ӭ́ Ӭ̄ Ю̆ Ю̈ Ю̄ Я̆ Я̄ Ӏ
Archaic Slavic letters	Ꙣꙣ Ꙉꙉ Ꙥꙥ Ꙧꙧ O variants Ꙋꙋ Ѡѡ Ѿѿ Ꙡꙡ Ѣѣ Я̈я̈ Ꙗꙗ Ѥѥ Ѫѫ Ѧѧ Ѯѯ Ѱѱ Ѳѳ Ѵѵ Ҁҁ
Archaic non-Slavic letters	А̨ Б̣ Г̧ Г̄ Г̆г̆ Д̨ Ԁ Ԃ Ꚁ Ꚅ Ԅ Ԇ Ꚉ Ԫ Ꚃ Ꚕꚕ Ј̵ К̀ К̄ К̂ Ԟ Ԡ Ԉ Ԕ Ԋ Ԣ Ҧ Ԗ Ԍ Ԏ Ꚋ Ꚍ Х̾ Ꚏ Ꚑ Ԭ Ꚓ Ꚗ Ԙ Ꙟ
Archaic diacritics	palatalization sign (◌҄) pokrytie (◌҇) titlo (◌҃)
Combinations of Cyrillic letters	Digraphs Multigraphs

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