Strikethrough, orstrikeout, is atypographical presentation of words with a horizontal line through their center, resulting intext like this, sometimes an X or a forward slash is typed over the top instead of using a horizontal line.[1] Strike-through was used in medieval manuscripts. Contrary tocensored orsanitized (redacted) texts, the words remain readable.
Strikethrough is primarily used to mark text that is mistaken or to be removed.[a]
Deleted words are highlighted by track changes tools in electronic documents.
In medieval manuscripts such as theDomesday Book, "strikethrough" of text with red ink often functions ashighlighting similar to modernunderline.[3]
Wordstar had strikeout in v3.0 in 1982; however, the functionality may have been in earlier versions.[4] Wordstar was launched in 1978, it dominated the personal computer market as the most popular word processing program until 1985 whenWordperfect took that role. All word processors with functionality beyond basic editing include strikeout; though it is now called strikethrough in most.
TheHTML presentational inline element for strikethrough is<strike> or<s>. This element was, however, deprecated in the 1999 HTML 4.01 standard, and replaced by the<del> tag, a semantic element representing deleted text, which user agents (typically web browsers) often render as a strikethrough.[5][6]
In theHTML5 draft, there is no presentational element for strikethrough. However, there are two related semantic elements. Firstly,<s>, that is strikethrough in HTML 3 and 4, is redefined to mark text that is no longer correct, and secondly,<del> marks text that has been deleted, as it does in HTML 4.01.[7][8]
[s] or[strike]. To end strikethrough when using[s], type[/s] (ex.[s]Birb[/s]).~~ to wrap around text for strikethrough.[9]~ (tilde) character, text will be struck out.[10]Incascading style sheets (CSS) strikethrough is controlled using thetext-decoration property, and specified by theline-through value of that property. For example,<span>ABCD efghi</span> renders like this:ABCD efghi
To maintain backwards compatibility, the following can be added to the CSS:strike {text-decoration:line-through;} The example above could then be written like this:<strike>ABCD efghi</strike>, which is compatible with HTML 4. In HTML 5, this:<del>ABCD efghi</del> also produces the same result, although the use of CSS is preferred[citation needed] and thedel tag carries a semantic interpretation not present in the purely stylistics andstrike tags.
Inplain text scenarios where markup cannot be used,Unicode offers a number ofcombining characters that achieve similar effects.
The "combining long stroke overlay" (U+0336) results in a stroke across text (may or may not be unbroken depending on the typeface used):
while the "combining short stroke overlay" (U+0335) results in individually struck out characters:
Similarly, the "combining short solidus overlay" (U+0337) results in diagonally struck out letters:
as does the "combining long solidus overlay" (U+0338), which produces longer diagonal strokes:
A number of characters that have the visual appearance of struck-through characters exist in Unicode, including ⟨ƀ⟩, ⟨Đ⟩, ⟨Ð⟩, ⟨Ǥ⟩, ⟨Ħ⟩, ⟨Ɨ⟩, ⟨Ɉ⟩, ⟨Ł⟩, ⟨Ɵ⟩, ⟨ꝵ⟩, ⟨Ŧ⟩, ⟨Ʉ⟩, ⟨Ƶ⟩, ⟨ƻ⟩, ⟨ʡ⟩, ⟨ʢ⟩, ⟨Ғ⟩, ⟨Ҟ⟩, ⟨Ұ⟩, and ⟨Ҍ⟩. These usually have specific functions (for example, in theLatin Extended-A character set) or representations and are not intended for general use. However, they are not precomposed characters and have neither canonical nor compatibility decompositions. This issue has created security considerations since "precomposed" characters like U+019F and sequences like U+004F U+0335 or U+004F U+0336 often cause visual confusion (compare ⟨Ɵ⟩, ⟨O̵⟩ and ⟨O̶⟩). Unicode has acknowledged this issue and has proposed a standardized method for counteraction.[11][12]
For slashed letters in an orthography, unitary letters are provided by Unicode. The diacritics are used in generic applications, such as math operators which systematically use the solidus overlay to indicate negation.
Double strikethrough is an option in certainword processing applications. It is also inspreadsheets,presentation programs, andgraphics programs in certain office suites such asCollabora Online andLibreOffice. There is no generally agreed meaning of double strikethrough, but it may be used as a second level of single strikethrough.
In Japan, double strikethrough is conventionally used (rather than single strikethrough) when striking out text. This is for added clarity, as in complexkanji a single strikethrough may be missed or confused with a stroke in the character.
Double, triple or multiple strikethrough may also (especially formerly) be used as a way ofemphasising words.
Strikethrough made using the letter X or a forward slash (/) instead of a horizontal line is possible in word processors, spreadsheets, presentations and graphics diagramming applications of certain office suites such asCollabora Online andLibreOffice.
Since at least 2014, researchers in the area ofoptical character recognition have attempted to solve the problem of recognizing struck-out text in handwritten documents.[13][14]
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