| Eš | |
|---|---|
| Š š | |
 | |
| Usage | |
| Writing system | Latin script |
| Type | Alphabetic |
| Language of origin | Czech language,Silesian language,Slovak language |
| Sound values | [ʃ] [ʂ] |
| In Unicode | U+0160, U+0161 |
| History | |
| Development | |
| Transliterations | Ш Ⱎ ש ش շ |
| Other | |
| Writing direction | Left-to-Right |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
ThegraphemeŠ,š (S withcaron) is used in various contexts representing thesh sound like in the wordshow, usually denoting thevoiceless postalveolar fricative/ʃ/ or similarvoiceless retroflex fricative/ʂ/. In theInternational Phonetic Alphabet this sound is denoted withʃ orʂ, but the lowercase š is used in theAmericanist phonetic notation, as well as in theUralic Phonetic Alphabet. It represents the same sound as theTurkic letterŞ and theRomanian letterȘ (S-comma), the Hebrew and Yiddish letterש, the Ge'ez (Ethiopic) letter ሠ, the Cyrillic letter Ш, the Arabic letter ش and the Armenian letter Շ (շ).
For use in computer systems,Š andš are atUnicode codepoints U+0160 and U+0161 (Alt 0138 and Alt 0154 for input), respectively. In HTML code, theentitiesŠ andš can also be used to represent the characters.
The symbol originates with the 15th-centuryCzech alphabet that was introduced by the reforms ofJan Hus.[1][2] From there, it was first adopted into theCroatian alphabet byLjudevit Gaj in 1830 to represent the same sound,[3] and from there on into other orthographies, such asLatvian,[4]Lithuanian,[5]Slovak,[6]Slovene,Karelian,Sami,Veps andSorbian.
Some orthographies such asBulgarian Cyrillic,Macedonian Cyrillic, andSerbian Cyrillic use the "ш" letter, which represents the sound that "š" would represent in Latin alphabets.[7] Moreover,Bosnian,[1]Serbian,[8]Croatian, andMontenegrin standard languages adopted Gaj's Croatian alphabet alongside Cyrillic thereby adopting "š",[9] while the same alphabet is used forRomanization of Macedonian. Certain variants ofBelarusian Latin[10] andBulgarian Latin also use the letter.
InFinnish andEstonian,š occurs only in loanwords.[11]
Polish andHungarian do not useš. Polish uses the digraphsz. Hungarian uses the basic Latin letters and uses the digraphsz as equivalent to most other languages that uses.
OutsideEurope,Syriac Latin[12] adopted the letter but it, alongside other letters with diacritics, is rarely used. The alphabet is not used natively to write the language for which theSyriac alphabet is used instead.
The letter is also used inLakota,[13]Cheyenne,Myaamia[14] andCree (in dialects such asMoose Cree),[15]Classical Malay (until end of 19th century) and some African languages such asNorthern Sotho andSonghay. It is used in thePersian Latin (Rumi) alphabet, equivalent toش.
The symbol is also used as the romanization of Cyrillicш inISO 9 andscientific transliteration and deployed in the Latinic writing systems ofMacedonian,Bulgarian,Serbian,Belarusian,Ukrainian, andBashkir. It is also used in some systems of transliteratingGeorgian to represent⟨შ⟩ (/ʃ/).
In addition, the grapheme transliteratescuneiform orthography ofSumerian andAkkadian/ʃ/ or/t͡ʃ/, and (based on Akkadian orthography) theHittite/s/ phoneme, as well as the/ʃ/ phoneme ofSemitic languages, transliteratingshin (Phoenician
and its descendants), the direct predecessor of Cyrillicш.
| Preview | Š | š | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 352 | U+0160 | 353 | U+0161 |
| UTF-8 | 197 160 | C5 A0 | 197 161 | C5 A1 |
| Numeric character reference | Š | Š | š | š |
| Named character reference | Š | š | ||
