| Ōno Domain 大野藩 | |
|---|---|
| under Tokugawa shogunate Japan | |
| 1624–1633 1635–1871 | |
| Capital | Ōno Castle |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 35°59′11.64″N136°28′59.15″E / 35.9865667°N 136.4830972°E /35.9865667; 136.4830972 |
| • Type | Daimyō |
| Historical era | Edo period |
• Established | 1624 |
• Disestablished | 1871 |
| Today part of | part of Fukui Prefecture |
Ōno Domain (大野藩,Ōno han) was afeudal domain under theTokugawa shogunate ofEdo period Japan.[1] It was based at Ōno Castle inEchizen Province in what is now the center of modern-day city ofŌno, Fukui.
During the early Sengoku period, the area around Ōno was under the control of theAsakura clan; however Ōno was also a major stronghold of theIkkō-ikki movement. After both the Asakura and theIkkō-ikki were destroyed byOda Nobunaga in 1575, he assigned the area to his generalKanamori Nagachika under the regional control ofShibata Katsuie. Kanamori began the construction of Ōno Castle using the latest contemporary designs, and the castle was completed by 1580.
Kanamori was subsequently promoted to governor ofHida Province in 1586, and the area was assigned byToyotomi Hideyoshi toAoki Kazunori followed byOda Hidekatsu. After theBattle of Sekigahara, the entire province of Echizen was assigned byTokugawa Ieyasu to his second son,Yūki Hideyasu in 1601 asFukui Domain. In 1624, Fukui Domain was divided, with Yūki Hideyasu's third son,Matsudaira Naomasa being awarded a 55,000koku fief centered at Ōno. This became Ōno Domain. Naomasa was transferred toMatsumoto Domain in 1633 and was replaced by his younger brotherMatsudaira Naomoto in 1635. Naomoto was then transferred toYamagata Domain in 1644, and was replaced by his younger brother,Matsudaira Naoyoshi. Naoyoshi's sonMatsudaira Naoakira was in turn transferred toHimeji Domain in 1682.
The domain was then assigned to a cadet branch of theDoi clan underDoi Toshifusa. The Doi clan would rule Ōno for the next eight generations until theMeiji restoration. Throughout its history, Ōno suffered from severe financial problems; however,Doi Toshitada (1811-1869) implemented substantial reforms and introducedrangaku and western technology. Although a small domain, Ōno was noted in theBakumatsu period for its westernised army and itshan school.
Like most domains in thehan system, Ōno Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assignedkokudaka, based on periodiccadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields,[2][3] At the time of the ending of the Tokugawa shogunate, the domain also had four trading posts in centralKarafuto.
| # | Name | Tenure | Courtesy title | Court Rank | kokudaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Matsudaira clan (shinpan) 1624–1633[4] | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Naomasa (松平直政)[4] | 1624-1633 | Dewa-no-kami (出羽守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 50,000koku |
| Matsudaira clan (shinpan) 1635–1644 | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Naomoto (松平直基)[4] | 1635-1644 | Yamato-no-kami (大和守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 50,000koku |
| Matsudaira clan (shinpan) 1644-1682 | |||||
| 1 | Matsudaira Naoyoshi (松平直良)[4] | 1644-1678 | Tosa-no-kami (出羽守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 35,000koku |
| 2 | Matsudaira Naoakira (松平直明)[4] | 1678-1682 | Wakasa-no-kami (若狭守) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 35,000koku |
 Doi clan (fudai) 1682–1871 | |||||
| 1 | Doi Toshifusa (土井利房)[4] | 1682-1683 | Noto-no-kami (能登守);Jijū (侍従) | Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下) | 40,000koku |
| 2 | Doi Toshitomo (土井利知)[4] | 1683-1743 | Kai-no-kami (甲斐守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
| 3 | Doi Toshihiro (土井利寛)[4] | 1743-1746 | Iga-no-kami (伊賀守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
| 4 | Doi Toshisada (土井利貞)[4] | 1746-1805 | Noto-no-kami (能登守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
| 5 | Doi Toshinori (土井利義)[4] | 1805-1810 | Miki-no-kami (造酒正) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
| 6 | Doi Toshikata (土井利貞)[4] | 1810-1818 | Kai-no-kami (甲斐守) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
| 7 | Doi Toshitada (土井利義)[4] | 1818-1862 | Noto-no-kami (能登正) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
| 8 | Doi Toshitsune (土井利恒)[4] | 1862-1871 | Noto-no-kami (能登正) | Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下) | 40,000koku |
Doi Toshifusa (土井利房, 1633 – July 19, 1683) was the 1st Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain inEchizen Province under theEdo periodTokugawa shogunate. Toshifusa was the fourth son of thetairōDoi Toshikatsu. In 1644, at the age of 13, his father ordered that he establish a cadet branch of the clan and assigned him a fief of 10,000koku. He was granted thecourtesy title ofNoto-no-kami and court rank of Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade in 1646. His revenues were doubled to 20,000koku in 1658. In 1661, he served as asōshaban and is 1663 as awakadoshiyori. He received an additional 5,000koku in 1670. From 1679 to 1681, he was appointed arōjū underShōgunTokugawa Ietsuna, and received an additional 15,000koku, bringing his estate to a total of 40,000koku. His court rank was also increased to Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade and he gained the additional courtesy title ofjijū. In 1682, he becamedaimyō of Ōno Domain. His wife was a daughter ofTsugaru Nobuyoshi ofHirosaki Domain. He died in 1683.
Doi Toshitomo (土井利知, May 23, 1674 – March 19, 1745) was the 2nd Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. Toshitomo was the eldest son of Doi Toshifusa and therefore the grandson of thetairōDoi Toshikatsu. He was born at the domain's residence in Kandabashi,Edo. Although the eldest son, he was born to a concubine and was raised by a retainer after the birth of his younger brother Toshiyoshi to Toshifusa's official wife; however, on his father's death in 1683, he inherited the title ofdaimyō. He underwent thegenpuku ceremony in 1688 and received thecourtesy title ofKai-no-kami and court rank of Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade. When Honda Shigemasu ofMaruoka Domain was dispossessed by the shogunate in 1695, he was assigned to oversee the transfer, and in 1696 he was appointed to the post ofOsaka Kaban. These assignments placed a severe strain on the domain's finances, and fearing a peasant revolt, he was forced to apply for a reduction in then domain's taxes in 1697. In 1722, he served as asōshaban, but during the same year, the domain's Edo residence burned down, once again creating a financial crisis. In 1730, he was able to clear the domain's debts by issuingpaper money. In 1741, citing illness, he resigned assōshaban and in 1743, he turned the domain over to his son and took the tonsure. He died at Ōno Castle in 1745. His wife was a daughter ofInaba Masanori ofOdawara Domain.
Doi Toshihiro (土井利寛, October 17, 1718 – September 30, 1746) was the 3rd Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. Toshihiro was the eldest son of Doi Toshitomo and was born at the domain's residence in Mejirodai,Edo. Hiscourtesy title wasIga-no-kami and court rank was Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade. He becamedaimyō on the retirement of his father in 1743. During his short tenure, he codified many of the laws and regulations of the domain. He died in Edo in 1746 at the young age of 29. His wife was a daughter ofSengoku Masafusa ofIzushi Domain.
Doi Toshisada (土井利貞, November 11, 1741 – December 3, 1807) was the 4th Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. Toshisada was the eldest son of Doi Toshihiro and was born to a concubine at the domain's residence in Sugikaibashi,Edo. Hiscourtesy title wasNoto-no-kami and court rank was Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade. He becamedaimyō on the death of his father in 1745; however, due to his age, domain affairs were managed by senior retainers during his minority. He was appointed Osaka kaban in 1759; however, through the remaining years of his tenure, the domain suffered from fires, repeated crop failures and continuing financial crisis, cumulated in a peasant revolt from 1787 to 1789. He retired in favour of his adopted son in 1805, and died at the domain's Meijirodai residence in 1807. His wife was a daughter ofSakai Tadazumi ofHimeji Domain.
Doi Toshinori (土井利義, July 31, 1777 – July 6, 1810) was the 5th Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. Toshinori was born inHikone as the tenth son ofIi Naohide ofHikone Domain. In 1791, he married Matsu, the fourth daughter of Doi Toshisada and was adopted as heir. Hiscourtesy title wasUkyo-no-suke, laterNakatsukasa-no-shoyu, and his court rank was Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade. In 1797, Matsu died and he remarried to the daughter ofOkabe Nagatomo ofKishiwada Domain. He becamedaimyō on the retirement of Doi Toshisada in 1805. In 1808, he was granted the courtesy title ofKai-no-kami and in 1809, the title ofMiki-no-kami. He died in 1818 at the domain's Mejirodai residence.
Doi Toshikata (土井利器, July 3, 1783 – June 20, 1818) was the 6th Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. Toshikata was born inEdo as the eleventh son ofKuze Hiroyasu ofSekiyado Domain. In 1809, he married Toshi, the daughter of Doi Toshinori and was adopted as heir He becamedaimyō in 1810 on Toshinori's retirement. Hiscourtesy title wasKai-no-kami, and his court rank was Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade. In 1812, he was appointedOsaka Kaban, and like his predecessors, found that this was a severe strain on the domain's finances. However, he did not take any action, preferring to let his retainers worry about such issues. He died in 1818 at Ōno Castle without male heir.
Doi Toshitada (土井利忠, May 24, 1811 – January 15, 1869) was the 7th Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. He was noted for reforming the domain by establishing ahan school based onrangaku teachings and structuring the domain's military along western lines. He also reformed the domain's legal codes and finances, and established a network of stores throughout central Japan for trading goods and lending money. Although the domain was landlocked, he also purchased ships and was a major force in the Edo period development ofKarafuto (Sakhalin).
Doi Toshitsune (土井利恒, August 17, 1846 – March 29, 1893) was the 8th (and final) Doidaimyō of Ōno Domain. Toshitsune was the third son of Toshitada and was born in Ōno. His wife was a daughter ofDoi Toshinori ofKoga Domain. He accompanied his father toEdo in 1862, and becamedaimyō later the same year. In 1863, he accompaniedShōgunTokugawa Ieshige toKyoto. In 1864, the domain used ascorched earth strategy to keep the forces of theMito Rebellion from crossing into its territory, burning down hundreds of houses and farms near its border, and thus creating much resentment by the local inhabitants. In 1865, with the start of theBoshin War, the domain quickly defeated to the Imperial side, and sent its forces to participate in theBattle of Hakodate. In 1869, Toshitsune was appointed imperial governor until theabolition of the han system in 1871. In 1884, he was awarded the title ofshishaku (viscount) in the newkazoku peerage.
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