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Đàng Ngoài was de-facto ruled by theTrịnh lords with theLê emperors acting as titular rulers. The capital was Thăng Long (nowHanoi). Thăng Long was also known asĐông Kinh 東京, meaning "Eastern Capital", from which the common European name for Đàng Ngoài "Tonkin" originated. It was bordered byĐàng Trong (under theNguyễn lords) along the Linh River (modernGianh River inQuảng Bình Province). The name gradually fell into disuse afterNguyễn Huệ's conquest of the north.
Look upĐàng Ngoài in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
^Keith Weller Taylor, John K. WhitmoreEssays Into Vietnamese Pasts 1995 Page 170 "The "kingdom of Cochinchina" was the polity of the Nguyễn lords (chúa), who had become the more and more independent rivals of the Trịnh lords of the north — if not of the Lê emperors whose affairs the Trịnh lords managed.."
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