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A lawyer by occupation, Philippe is a former member of theUnion for a Popular Movement (UMP), which later becameThe Republicans (LR). He served as a member of theNational Assembly from 2012 to 2017, representingSeine-Maritime's 7th constituency. After being elected to the presidency on 7 May 2017, Macron appointed him Prime Minister. Philippe subsequently appointedhis government on 17 May. He was succeeded byJean Castex before his reelection to the mayorship in Le Havre.
During his time in office, Philippe oversaw the passage of a package of labour law and taxation system reforms as part of Macron's self-proclaimed "pro-business" agenda. He also led the controversial police response to theyellow vests crisis starting in late 2018, and later became a prominent figure in leading its early response to theCOVID-19 pandemic in France, implementing a 55-daynational lockdown starting on 17 March 2020. He resigned as prime minister on 3 July 2020, shortly after the second round of the2020 French municipal elections.
Édouard Philippe, the son of French teachers, was born inRouen in 1970 and grew up in a left-wing household. He has one sibling, a sister.[3] He comes from a family ofdockworkers, a profession in which members of his family are still employed.[4] He grew up in a suburban neighbourhood in Rouen. He was at first a pupil at the Michelet School in Rouen before moving toGrand-Quevilly where he attended Jean-Texier College and later attending Lycée les Bruyères inSotteville-lès-Rouen.[5]
In his years at Sciences Po, Philippe supportedMichel Rocard and was influenced by him, identifying with the Rocardian and social democratic wings of theSocialist Party. His brief flirtation with the Socialists ended after Rocard was toppled from the leadership of the Socialist Party. After leaving the ÉNA in 1997, he went on to work at theCouncil of State,[6][7] specialising in public procurement law.[9]
Philippe worked for the campaign ofAlain Juppé in the2016 Republicans presidential primary, serving as a spokesperson alongsideBenoist Apparu.[13] Though Philippe and Apparu, as well asChristophe Béchu, later joined the campaign ofFrançois Fillon for the2017 French presidential election after his victory in the primary, the three parliamentarians – close to Juppé – quit on 2 March 2017 after the candidate was summoned to appear before judges amidst theFillon affair.[7][14] He said he would not seek to retain his seat in the legislative elections in June to avoid breaching the law limiting theaccumulation of mandates. Following the victory ofEmmanuel Macron in the presidential election, there was speculation that Philippe was a potential choice forPrime Minister of France, representing three essential aspects: political renewal (at the age of only 46), affiliation with thecentre-right, and familiarity with the political terrain.[7]
Philippe secured avote of confidence and was allowed to govern with a majority government on 4 July 2017. He was confirmed with a vote of 370 against 67.[21] Following the vote, Philippe addressed the parliament, talking about plans to tackle France's debt by raising cigarette tax and cutting spending.[22] Philippe also talked about plans to reduce corporate tax from 33.3% to 25% by 2022.[23] Philippe announced the government's labour reform plan, which would give companies more power when it comes to negotiating conditions directly with their employees.[24] Labour reform was one of Macron's biggest election promises and has been seen as the government's biggest economic reform.[25]
On 12 July 2017, Philippe announced a new immigration plan. The plan attempts to speed up asylum claims from fourteen months to six, provide housing for 7,500 refugees by the end of 2019, improve living conditions for minors and deport economic migrants.[26][27] The draft of the law was to be introduced in September.[28] On 3 July 2020, Philippe resigned as prime minister.[29] As part of the2020 French municipal elections, he ran successfully for mayor of Le Havre.[30] Ahead of the2022 French presidential election, Philippe endorsed Macron for re-election.[31] On 3 September 2024, Philippe announced his candidacy for the2027 French presidential election.[32]
In October 2020, Philippe was one of several current and former government officials whose home was searched by French authorities following complaints about the government's handling of theCOVID-19 pandemic in France.[33] In April 2024, police searched Philippe's office premises as part a preliminary probe opened in December 2023 on charges of influence peddling, favouritism, misappropriation of public funds and psychological harassment.[34]
Philippe is married to Édith Chabre, the executive director of the School of Law atSciences Po.[35][36] They have three children.[37][38]
While he was prime minister, Philippe announced that he hadvitiligo, a skin disease responsible for the noticeable asymmetrical white patch of hair on his beard.[39] In 2023, he announced that he hadalopecia areata.[40]
With Gilles Boyer (2011).Dans l'ombre.Jean-Claude Lattès.ISBN9782709637558. This political thriller recounts a presidential election mired in tricks and betrayals, culminating with the unmasking of the to-be-appointed Prime Minister's criminal historyin extremis.[41]
^abcdeValérie Peiffer; Pierre Simon; Pascal Mateo (16 December 2010)."Edouard Philippe de A à Z".Le Point.Archived from the original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved15 May 2017.
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