• Pronunciation of IPA[zɑː, ɑzzɑː] with the sound[z]:

  (file)

z (upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixth and last letter of thebasic modern Latin alphabet.

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter Z):  Źź  Ẑẑ  Žž  Żż  Ẓẓ  Ẕẕ  Ƶƶ  Ȥȥ  Ⱬⱬ  ᵶ  ᶎ  ʐ  ʑ  ɀ  ᴢ  Ｚｚ  DZDzdz  DZDzdz  DŽDždž  DŽDždž
• Greekζ, Hebrewז.

z

1. (metrology)Symbol for the prefixzepto-.
2. (astronomy)Symbol for theredshift.
3. (mathematics)Used to denote arealvariable whenx andy are already in use.

   ${\displaystyle f\left(x,y,z\right)=\sin x+\cos y+\tan z}$ 

4. (mathematics)Used to denote the thirdcoordinate inthree-dimensionalCartesian andcylindricalcoordinate systems.

   ${\displaystyle x^2+y^2+z^2=1}$ 

5. (mathematics)Used to denote acomplexvariable.

   ${\displaystyle \Vert z\Vert =z\cdot \overline{z}}$ 

6. (statistics)Used to denote a value of astandardnormalrandomvariable.

    

7. (chemistry)Symbol foratomic number.
8. (IPA) avoicedalveolarsibilant.
9. (superscript⟨ᶻ⟩,IPA)[z]-fricatedrelease of a plosive (e.g.[dᶻ], sometimes implying anaffricate[d͜z]);[z]-coloring; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic[z].

   Lushootseed uses the affricate convention for its alphabetic letter⟨dᶻ⟩.

Prefix zepto-

• Letter styles
•  
  Uppercase and lowercase versions ofZ, in normal and italic type
•  
  Uppercase and lowercaseZ inFraktur

Other representations of Z:

Letter name

• (UK)IPA^(key):/zɛd/

• Audio(UK):

  (file)

• (US)IPA^(key):/ziː/

• Audio(California):

  (file)

• (Hong Kong)IPA^(key):/iˈzɛd/,/ɪˈzɛd/(fromizzard)
• (India)IPA^(key):/ɪˈzɛd/,/ɪˈzɛɖ/,/zɛɖ/,/zɛd/
• (Jamaica,Philippines)IPA^(key):/zeɪ/
• Rhymes:-ɛd,-iː,-eɪ

Phoneme

• IPA^(key):/z/

z (lower case,upper caseZ,pluralzsorz's)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Englishalphabet, calledzed,zee, orizzard and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letter;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

Abbreviations.

z

1. (Stenoscript) the sound /z/, regardless of spelling.

   Note: plural /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in nouns is instead indicated by an optional dot under last letter; 3sg /s/, /z/ or /əz/ in verbs is not written at all, except forhz 'has',sz 'says',dz 'does'

2. (Stenoscript) the sound /ʃ/, /ʒ/, or the sequence /ziː/.
3. (Stenoscript)Abbreviation ofas,was,his,she.

• IPA^(key):/z/

z (upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-fifthletter of the Albanianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)shkronjë;A a,B b,C c,Ç ç,D d,Dh dh,E e,Ë ë,F f,G g,Gj gj,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,Ll ll,M m,N n,Nj nj,O o,P p,Q q,R r,Rr rr,S s,Sh sh,T t,Th th,U u,V v,X x,Xh xh,Y y,Z z,Zh zh

• IPA^(key):/t͡s/

z n

1. Synonym ofs:the

   Gfallt derz Huus? ―Do you likethe house?

z

1. unstressed form of ofzue

   Mir wonenz Züri. ―We livein Zurich.

z

1. unstressed form of ofzu

   Das isch z vill. ―This istoo much.

• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/z/

zlower case (upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Azerbaijanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)hərf;A a,B b,C c,Ç ç,D d,E e,Ə ə,F f,G g,Ğ ğ,H h,X x,I ı,İ i,J j,K k,Q q,L l,M m,N n,O o,Ö ö,P p,R r,S s,Ş ş,T t,U u,Ü ü,V v,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):/s̻eta/,[s̻e̞.t̪a]

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Basquealphabet, calledzeta and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ü ü),V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic)[ˈzɛ.tə]
• IPA^(key):(Valencia)[ˈzɛ.ta]

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Catalanalphabet, calledzeta and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)lletres;A a (À à),B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e (É é,È è),F f,G g,H h,I i (Í í,Ï ï),J j,K k,L l (L·L l·l),M m,N n,O o (Ó ó,Ò ò),P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ú ú,Ü ü),V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):/z/

z (upper caseZ)

1. A letter of theMazahua alphabet.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,Ⱥ ⱥ,A̱ a̱,B b,C c,Cꞌ cꞌ,Cj cj,Cu cu,Cꞌu cꞌu,Cju cju,Ch ch,Chꞌ chꞌ,Chj chj,D d,Dy dy,E e,Ɇ ɇ,E̱ e̱,G g,Gu gu,Hu hu,ꞌHu ꞌhu,I i,I̱ i̱,J j,Jꞌ jꞌ,Jm jm,Jn jn,Jñ jñ,Ju ju,Jy jy,L l,M m,Mꞌ mꞌ,N n,Nꞌ nꞌ,Ñ ñ,Ñꞌ ñꞌ,O o,Ø ø,O̱ o̱,P p,Pj pj,R r,S s,T t,Tꞌ tꞌ,Tj tj,Ts ts,Tsꞌ tsꞌ,Tsj tsj,U u,Ꞹ ꞹ,U̱ u̱,X x,Z z,Zh zh,ꞌ

• 's(Sette Comuni)

z

1. (Luserna)the;definite article for two declensions:
   1. nominative singular neuter
   2. accusative singular neuter

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013)Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

• ze

Inherited fromOld Czechz,ze, fromProto-Slavic*jьz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs.

• IPA^(key):/z/

• Audio:

  (file)

z [withgenitive]

1. from

   Toto víno pocházíz Francie. ―This wine comesfrom France.

2. out of

   Pětz deseti doktorů doporučuje tuto zubní pastu. ―Fiveout of ten doctors recommend this toothpaste.

• The more usual form isz, whileze is used before words starting withs,z and certainconsonant clusters.
• In certain contexts (in the meaning "out of the surface" or "down from the surface") the prepositions, which normally requires instrumental case, can be used synonymously requiring the genitive case. This use of the prepositions is dated though and is mainly seen in older literature.
  • spadnout z/s kopce ―to fall down the hill
  • sundat něco ze/se skříně ―to take something off the cupboard

• “z”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
• “z”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɛt
• (letter name):IPA^(key):/zɛt/

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Dutchalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• Previous letter:y

• (modern Egyptological)IPA^(key):/zɛ/,/zɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization:ze, za

 m

1. doorbolt ofwood orcopper[since the Pyramid Texts]

Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofz  

[Old Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

• 𓊃

Speculatively, Ehret hypothesizes an origin inProto-Afroasiatic*ji(one, someone, somebody); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. CompareHebrewזֶה.

• (modern Egyptological)IPA^(key):/zɛ/,/zɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization:ze, za

 m

1. man (male person)[since the Old Kingdom]
2. someone, anyone
   • c. 1944BCE, (year 17 of the reign ofSenusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 11–12:

     nj sḏrz ḥqr.w r dmj.j

     Noone went to bed hungry in my district.

This word can be placed after a type of person and before a number to indicate that many prisoners of that type were taken.

Alternative hieroglyphic writings ofz  

z	z	z	z	s	s	sj	sꜣ
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[since the 19th Dynasty]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]

• 𓀀

• Coptic:ⲥⲁ-(sa-)

 m

1. being,creature (used of a snake)[Pyramid Texts]

• (modern Egyptological)IPA^(key):/zɛ/,/zɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization:ze, za

 m

1. A type of fish[22nd dynasty]

• Erman, Adolf,Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961)Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/z/; before a voiceless consonant,IPA^(key):/s/

• Audio:

  (file)

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Esperantoalphabet, calledzo and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)litero;A a,B b,C c,Ĉ ĉ,D d,E e,F f,G g,Ĝ ĝ,H h,Ĥ ĥ,I i,J j,Ĵ ĵ,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,R r,S s,Ŝ ŝ,T t,U u,Ŭ ŭ,V v,Z z

• IPA^(key):/ˈtsetː/

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-firstletter of the Estonianalphabet, calledtsett and written in theLatin script.

• Used only in loanwords.

• (Latin-script letters)täht;A a,B b (C c),D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p (Q q),R r,S s,Š š,Z z,Ž ž,T t,U u,V v (W w),Õ õ,Ä ä,Ö ö,Ü ü (X x,Y y)

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, andz for information on the development of the glyph itself.

• Audio(letter name);“tset”:

  (file)

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-fifthletter of the Finnishalphabet, calledtseta ortset and written in theLatin script.

• Used only in loanwords. In more established loanwords replaced withts.

• (Latin-script letters)kirjain;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s (Š š),T t,U u,V v (W w),X x,Y y,Z z (Ž ž),Å å,Ä ä,Ö ö

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/zɛd/

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Frenchalphabet, written in theLatin script.

z

1. Romanization of𐌶

• IPA^(key):/t͜s/

z (uppel caseZ)

1. Aletter of the Heiltsukalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,Á á,A̓ a̓,B b,C c,C̓ c̓,D d,Ꟛ ꟛ,G g,Gv gv,Ǧ ǧ,Ǧv ǧv,H h,H̓ h̓,Ħ ħ,I i,Í í,I̓ i̓,K k,Kv kv,K̓ k̓,K̓v k̓v,L l,ʼL l̓,Ḷ ḷ,Ḷ́ ḷ́,ʼḶ ḷ̓,Ɫ ɫ,M m,ʼM m̓,Ṃ ṃ,Ṃ́ ṃ́,ʼṂ ṃ̓,N n,ʼN n̓,Ṇ ṇ,Ṇ́ ṇ́,ʼṆ ṇ̓,P p,P̓ p̓,Q q,Qv qv,Q̓ q̓,Q̓v q̓v,S s,T t,T̓ t̓,Ƛ ƛ,Ƛ̓ ƛ̓,U u,Ú ú,U̓ u̓,W w,ʼW w̓,X x,Xv xv,X̌ x̌,X̌v x̌v,Y y,ʼY y̓,Z z,ʔ

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):[ˈz]
• (letter name):IPA^(key):[ˈzeː]

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-ninthletter of the Hungarianalphabet, calledzé and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)betű;A a,Á á,B b,C c,Cs cs,D d,Dz dz,Dzs dzs,E e,É é,F f,G g,Gy gy,H h,I i,Í í,J j,K k,L l,Ly ly,M m,N n,Ny ny,O o,Ó ó,Ö ö,Ő ő,P p,R r,S s,Sz sz,T t,Ty ty,U u,Ú ú,Ü ü,Ű ű,V v,Z z,Zs zs.Only in the extended alphabet:Q qW wX xY y.Commonly used: ch.Also defined: à ë.In surnames (selection):äaaczdseéeöewoeoóthts ÿ.

• z inGéza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

• (context pronunciation)IPA^(key):/z/
• (letter name)IPA^(key):/ze/

z (upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Idoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)litero;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):/z/(usually unless before a voiced consonant)
• IPA^(key):/s/(sometimes before a voiced consonant e.g. Mazmur)

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Indonesianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• Used only in loanwords from Arabic, English, etc.

• (Latin-script letters)huruf;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

z f orm (invariable,lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-firstletter of the Italianalphabet, calledzeta and written in theLatin script.

Borrowed fromTagalogz. Letter pronunciation is influenced byEnglishz.

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/zi/[zi̞]
  • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/si/[si̞]
  • Rhymes:-i
• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/z/[z]
  • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/s/[s]

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-eighthletter of the Kankanaeyalphabet, calledzi and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letra;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,Ng ng,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016)Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[1] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog),→ISBN, pages10-11

• IPA^(key):/ˈz/(before a voiced consonant)
• IPA^(key):/ˈs/(before a voiceless consonant)
• Syllabification:w

The Kashubian orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See theKashubian alphabet article on Wikipedia for more, andz for development of the glyph itself.

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Kashubianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,Ą ą,àã,B b,C c,D d,E e,É é,Ë ë,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,Ł ł,M m,N n,O o,Ò ò,Ó ó,Ô ô,P p,R r,S s,T t,U u,Ù ù,W w,Y y,Z z,Ż ż

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*jьz.

z

1. from,out of[withgenitive]

• ze,zez

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sъ(n).

z

1. denotescomitative orsociative relation;with,alongside[withinstrumental]

• ze,zez

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “z”, inSłownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page258
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “z”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2]
• “z”, inInternetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby,2022

The minuscule form derives from the majusculeZ.

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-third letter of theClassical Latin alphabet, calledzēta.

• "z", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’sGlossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “z”, inHarry Thurston Peck, editor (1898),Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur, and sporadically inCyrillic.

• IPA^(key):[z]

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Latvianalphabet, calledzē and written in theLatin script.

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti:Aa,Āā,Bb,Cc,Čč,Dd,Ee,Ēē,Ff,Gg,Ģģ,Hh,Ii,Īī,Jj,Kk,Ķķ,Ll,Ļļ,Mm,Nn,Ņņ,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Šš,Tt,Uu,Ūū,Vv,Zz,Žž

• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/z/

z (upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-eighthletter of the Livonianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)kēratēd̦;A a,Ā ā,Ä ä,Ǟ ǟ,B b,D d,D̦ d̦,E e,Ē ē,F f,G g,H h,I i,Ī ī,J j,K k,L l,Ļ ļ,M m,N n,Ņ ņ,O o,Ō ō,Ȯ ȯ,Ȱ ȱ,Õ õ,Ȭ ȭ,P p,R r,Ŗ ŗ,S s,Š š,T t,Ț ț,U u,Ū ū,V v,Z z,Ž ž

• IPA^(key):/z/

z (upper caseZ)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Lower Sorbianalphabet, calledzet and written in theLatin script.

• SeeTemplate:list:Latin script letters/dsb.

FromProto-Slavic*jьz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs.

• ze(used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)

• IPA^(key):/z/,(before a voiceless consonant)/s/

z (with genitive)

1. from,out of

FromProto-Slavic*sъ(n), fromProto-Indo-European*ḱom.

• ze(used before sibilants and certain consonant clusters)

• IPA^(key):/z/,(before a voiceless consonant)/s/

z (with instrumental)

1. with

   Stej bratšze sotšu.

   They are brother and sister

   (literally, “brotherwith sister”)

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Malayalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):/t͡s/,/d͡z/
• Simplez is almost always/t͡s/. Geminatedzz is also predominantly voiceless, but intervocalically it may represent/dd͡z/, notably in the verbal suffix-izza.

z (upper caseZ)

1. The thirtiethletter of the Maltesealphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)ittra;A a,B b,Ċ ċ,D d,E e,F f,Ġ ġ,G g,Għ għ,H h,Ħ ħ,I i,Ie ie,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Ż ż,Z z

z (upper caseZ)

1. Aletter of the Navajoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a (Á á,Ą ą,Ą́ ą́),B b,Ch ch,Chʼ chʼ,D d,Dl dl,Dz dz,E e (É é,Ę ę,Ę́ ę́),G g,Gh gh,H h,Hw hw,X x,I i (Í í,Į į,Į́ į́),J j,K k,Kʼ kʼ,Kw kw,ʼ,L l,Ł ł,M m,N n (Ń ń),O o (Ó ó,Ǫ ǫ,Ǫ́ ǫ́),S s,Sh sh,T t,Tʼ tʼ,Tł tł,Tłʼ tłʼ,Ts ts,Tsʼ tsʼ,W w,Y y,Z z,Zh zh

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/set/,/sɛt/
• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/s/,/ʃ/

• Audio:

  (file)

z

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Norwegianalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• Not used in Norwegian, only appears in loanwords from e.g. Slavic.
• Used interchangeably with s in Internet slang and informal writing.

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/z/

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-ninthletter of the Nupealphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)banki;A a (Á á,À à),B b,C c,D d,Dz dz,E e (É é,È è),F f,G g,Gb gb,H h,I i (Í í,Ì ì),J j,K k,Kp kp,L l,M m (Ḿ ḿ,M̀ m̀,M̄ m̄),N n (Ń ń,Ǹ ǹ,N̄ n̄),O o (Ó ó,Ò ò),P p,R r,S s,Sh sh,T t,Ts ts,U u (Ú ú,Ù ù),V v,W w,Y y,Z z,Zh zh

• ze

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*jьz, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁eǵʰs.

z

1. from,out of[withgenitive]

• Czech:z

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “z”, inSlovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague:Česká grafická společnost "unie",Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

• IPA^(key):/z/,/s/

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*jьz. First attested in the 14th century.

z[withgenitive]

1. denotesdelative movement;off of
2. denoteselative movement;out of
3. denotes duration;since
4. denotes a change of state;from
5. denotes the composition of an item;from,out of,of
6. denotes origin or cause;because of,from
7. with a noun, denotes manner;by means of,from

z[withaccusative]

1. denotesdelative movement;off of

z[withaccusative]

1. denotesdelative movement;off of

z

1. approximately,about

• s,se,ze

• Polish:z(“from”)
• Silesian:z(“from”)

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*sъ(n). First attested in the 14th century.

z[withinstrumental]

1. denotescomitative orsociative relation;with,alongside
2. denotesinstrumental relation;with,by means of
3. denotes origin or cause;because of,from

• s,se,ze

• Polish:z(“with”)
• Silesian:z(“with”)

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “z”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

The Polish orthography is based on the Latin alphabet. No earlier script is known. See thehistory of Polish orthography article on Wikipedia for more, andz for development of the glyph itself.

• IPA^(key):/ˈzɛt/

z (upper caseZ,lower case)

1. The thirtiethletter of the Polishalphabet, calledzet and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,Ą ą,B b,C c,Ć ć,D d,E e,Ę ę,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,Ł ł,M m,N n,Ń ń,O o,Ó ó,P p (Q q),R r,S s,Ś ś,T t,U u (V v),W w (X x),Y y,Z z,Ź ź,Ż ż

Inherited fromOld Polishz(“from”).

• ze
• s(obsolete)[19th c.]

• IPA^(key):/z/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-z
• Syllabification:z
• Homophones:s-,z-

z[withgenitive]

1. denotesdelative movement;off of

   Jesteśz przodu czyz tyłu? ―Are youat the front orat the back?

2. denotes duration;since
3. denotes a change of state;from
4. denotes origin or cause;because of,from
5. denoteselative movement;out of

   Jestemz Polski. ―I'mfrom Poland.

   jedenz dziesięciu ―oneout of ten

6. denotes the composition of an item;from,out of,of

   motykaz drewna ―a hoemade of wood

z

1. (colloquial)approximately,about,around,ish,or so

   Synonyms:mniej więcej,około

   Mamz pięć jabłek ―I have fiveish apples.

Inherited fromOld Polishz(“with”).

• ze
• s(obsolete)[19th c.]

• IPA^(key):/z/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-z
• Syllabification:z
• Homophones:s-,z-

z[withinstrumental]

1. denotescomitative orsociative relation;with,alongside

   Antonym:bez

2. denotesinstrumental relation;with,by means of

   Podróżujez prędkością światła! ―It's travellingat the speed of light?

• The preposition or particle generally changes toze when the pronunciation of the two consecutive words becomes problematic. Some dictionaries claim that this rule applies to words starting with one of the following consonants:s,z,ś,ź,ż,rz,sz that are followed by another consonant.^[1] Examples include:

  Ten pręt jestz żelaza. ―This rod is made of iron.

  Ten pręt jestze stali. ―This rod is made of steel.

  Pochodzęz Francji. ―I come from France.

  Pochodzęze Szwecji. ―I come from Sweden.

• The formze is used also beforemnie,mną, and forms ofwszystko.

• Bothz andze can be used beforesobą.

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),z is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1744 times in scientific texts, 1828 times in news, 1527 times in essays, 1920 times in fiction, and 1291 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8310 times, making it the 7th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[2]

• z inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• z in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• “Z”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century],20.02.2014
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “z”, inSłownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “z”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1927), “z”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 8, Warsaw, page 1

z (lower case,upper caseZ)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Portuguesealphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letra;A a (Á á,À à, â,àã),B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e (É é,Ê ê),F f,G g,H h,I i (Í í),J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o (Ó ó,Ô ô,Õ õ),P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ú ú),V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z