tricher
French
editEtymology
editInherited fromMiddle Frenchtricher, fromOld Frenchtricher,trichier(“to defraud, conceal, cheat”), of disputed origin. Possibly fromVulgar Latin*triccāre, fromLate Latintricāre, fromLatintrīcārī(“dodge, shun, look for detours; quibble, haggle”), fromtrīcae. CompareItaliantreccare,Old Occitantrichar,Catalan andOccitantrigar,Portuguesetrigar.
Alternatively possibly of Germanic origin, fromMiddle High Germantrechen (as inzuotrechen(“to obtain falsely or deceitfully, wangle, finagle”)); compare alsoMiddle Dutchtreck,trec(“stratagem, ruse, guile, trick, sleight”),Englishtrick. More attrick.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edittricher
- tocheat
- Je l’ai vutricher pendant le devoir surveillé.
- I saw himcheating during the test.
- 1966,Jacques Brel, “Ces gens-là”:
- Faut vous dire Monsieur que chez ces gens-là / On ne vit pas Monsieur, on ne vit pas, ontriche
- You must know, sir, that with these people / They don't live, sir, they don't live, theycheat
Conjugation
editinfinitive | simple | tricher | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle orgerund1 | simple | trichant /tʁi.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | triché /tʁi.ʃe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | triche /tʁiʃ/ | triches /tʁiʃ/ | triche /tʁiʃ/ | trichons /tʁi.ʃɔ̃/ | trichez /tʁi.ʃe/ | trichent /tʁiʃ/ |
imperfect | trichais /tʁi.ʃɛ/ | trichais /tʁi.ʃɛ/ | trichait /tʁi.ʃɛ/ | trichions /tʁi.ʃjɔ̃/ | trichiez /tʁi.ʃje/ | trichaient /tʁi.ʃɛ/ | |
past historic2 | trichai /tʁi.ʃe/ | trichas /tʁi.ʃa/ | tricha /tʁi.ʃa/ | trichâmes /tʁi.ʃam/ | trichâtes /tʁi.ʃat/ | trichèrent /tʁi.ʃɛʁ/ | |
future | tricherai /tʁiʃ.ʁe/ | tricheras /tʁiʃ.ʁa/ | trichera /tʁiʃ.ʁa/ | tricherons /tʁiʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | tricherez /tʁiʃ.ʁe/ | tricheront /tʁiʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | tricherais /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ | tricherais /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ | tricherait /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ | tricherions /tʁi.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ | tricheriez /tʁi.ʃə.ʁje/ | tricheraient /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative ofavoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | triche /tʁiʃ/ | triches /tʁiʃ/ | triche /tʁiʃ/ | trichions /tʁi.ʃjɔ̃/ | trichiez /tʁi.ʃje/ | trichent /tʁiʃ/ |
imperfect2 | trichasse /tʁi.ʃas/ | trichasses /tʁi.ʃas/ | trichât /tʁi.ʃa/ | trichassions /tʁi.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ | trichassiez /tʁi.ʃa.sje/ | trichassent /tʁi.ʃas/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | triche /tʁiʃ/ | — | trichons /tʁi.ʃɔ̃/ | trichez /tʁi.ʃe/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | simple imperative ofavoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the prepositionen. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995],Master the Basics: French, pp.77,78,79,81). |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “tricher”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.
Old French
editVerb
edittricher
- alternativeinfinitive oftrichier
Conjugation
editThis verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in-er. In the present tense an extra supportinge is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending-t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | tricher | avoirtriché | |||||
gerund | entrichant | gerund ofavoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | trichant | ||||||
past participle | triché | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses | present | triche | triches | triche | trichons | trichez | trichent |
imperfect | trichoie,tricheie,trichoe,tricheve | trichoies,tricheies,trichoes,tricheves | trichoit,tricheit,trichot,tricheve | trichiiens,trichiens | trichiiez,trichiez | trichoient,tricheient,trichoent,trichevent | |
preterite | trichai | trichas | tricha | trichames | trichastes | tricherent | |
future | tricherai | tricheras | trichera | tricherons | tricheroiz,trichereiz,tricherez | tricheront | |
conditional | tricheroie,trichereie | tricheroies,trichereies | tricheroit,trichereit | tricheriiens,tricheriens | tricheriiez,tricheriez | tricheroient,trichereient | |
compound tenses | present perfect | present tense ofavoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses | present | triche | triches | triche | trichons | trichez | trichent |
imperfect | trichasse | trichasses | trichast | trichissons,trichissiens | trichissoiz,trichissez,trichissiez | trichassent | |
compound tenses | past | present subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive ofavoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | triche | — | trichons | trichez | — |
Romanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed fromGreekτρικέρι(trikéri).
Noun
editDeclension
editsingular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | tricher | tricherul | trichere | tricherele | |
genitive-dative | tricher | tricherului | trichere | tricherelor | |
vocative | tricherule | tricherelor |
- French terms inherited from Middle French
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