to

1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forTongan.

• (dialectal)ter
• (contraction)t'
• (abbreviation)2

FromMiddle Englishto, fromOld Englishtō, fromProto-Germanic*tō ~*ta, fromProto-Indo-European*de ~*do(“to”). Cognate withScotstae,to(“to”),North Frisianto,tö,tu(“to”),Saterland Frisiantou(“to”),Low Germanto(“to”),Dutchtoe,te(“to”),Germanzu(“to”),West Frisianta(“to”). Non-Germanic cognates includeAlbanianndaj(“towards”), Irishdo(“to, for”), Bretonda(“to, for”), Welshi(“to, for”),Russianдо(do,“to”).Doublet oftoo.

Stressed

• enPR:to͞o,IPA^(key):/tuː/
  • (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):[tu̟ː],[tʰʊw]
  • (US)IPA^(key):[tʰu̟(ː)]
  • (Canada)IPA^(key):[t(ʰ)u̟ː]
  • (Standard Southern British)IPA^(key):[tʰʉw]
  • (General Australian,New Zealand)IPA^(key):[tʰʉː]
  • (Indic)IPA^(key):[ʈuː]

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• Audio(General American):

  (file)

• Homophones:too,two
• Rhymes:-uː

Unstressed

• (Indic)IPA^(key):/ʈu/,[ʈɯ]
• (before a consonant)IPA^(key):/tə/,/tʊ/
  • (US, after a vowel)IPA^(key):[ɾə]

• Audio(Southern England):

  (file)

• (before a vowel)IPA^(key):/tʊ/,/tu(ː)/
  • (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):[tʊ(w)]
  • (US)IPA^(key):[tʊ(w)],[tu̟]
  • (US, after a vowel)IPA^(key):[ɾʊ(w)],[ɾu̟]
  • (Canada)IPA^(key):[tʊ(w)],[tu̟(ː)]
  • (Standard Southern British)IPA^(key):[t(ʰ)ʉw]

to

1. A particle used for marking the following verb as aninfinitive.

   I wantto leave.

   He asked me whatto do.

   I have placesto go and peopleto see.

   To err is human.

   Who am Ito criticise? I've done worse things myself.

   Preciselyto get away from you was why I did what I did.

   I need some more booksto read and friendsto go partying with.

   • 1711 May, [Alexander Pope],An Essay on Criticism, London:[…] W[illiam] Lewis […]; and sold by W[illiam] Taylor […], T[homas] Osborn[e] […], and J[ohn] Graves […],→OCLC:

     To err, is human;to forgive, divine.

   • c.1599–1602 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene i]:

     To be, or notto be: that is the question: /[…]

   • 2010 July, “Archived copy”, inAssociated Press‎^[1], archived fromthe original on5 July 2010, headline:

     Odds are, BPto get new CEO this year

   • 2011 April 10, Alistair Magowan, “Aston Villa 1 - 0 Newcastle”, inBBC Sport‎^[2]:

     To that end, the home supporters were in good voiceto begin with, but it was Newcastle who started the game in the ascendancy, with Barton putting a diving header over the top from Jose Enrique's cross.

2. As above, with the verb implied.

   "Did you visit the museum?" "I wantedto, but it was closed."

   If he hasn't read it yet, he oughtto.

3. Used to indicate an obligation on the part of, or a directive given to, the subject.

   You areto go to the store and buy a bottle of milk.

4. (expressing purpose)In order to.

   I went to the shopsto buy some bread.

to

1. In thedirection of;towards.

   She lookedto the heavens.

2. Indicating destination or final position: In thedirection of, so as toarrive at or reach.

   We are walkingto the shop.

   The water came rightto the top of this wall.

   The coconut fellto the ground.

   • 2013 September 28,Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, inNew York Times, retrieved28 September 2013:

     Driven by a perceived political need to adopt a hard-line stance, Mr. Cameron’s coalition government has imposed myriad new restrictions, the aim of which is to reduce net migrationto Britain to below 100,000.

3. Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.

   I gave the bookto him.

   I spoketo him earlier.

   He devoted himselfto education.

   They drankto his health.

4. So as to contact, press against, impact, etc.

   I fixed the noticeto the wall.

   Put your shoulderto the door.

   To clutch/clasp/hold/press one's hankyto one's mouth/nose/forehead.

5. So as to become or reach:indicating a terminal state resulting from an action.

   His face was beatento a pulp.

   I sang my babyto sleep.

   Whisk the mixtureto a smooth consistency.

6. So as to bring about or elicit (an effect or outcome).

   He made several bad-taste jokesto groans from the audience.

   I tried complaining, but it wasto no effect.

   To everyone's great relief, the tuneless carol singers finally ceased their warbling.

7. Used after an adjective to indicate its application.

   similarto ...,relevantto ...,pertinentto ...,I was niceto him,he was cruelto her,I am usedto walking.

8. Indicating a degree or level reached.

   It wasto a large extent true.

   We manufacture these partsto a very high tolerance.

   This gauge is accurateto a second.

   My car dos 25 milesto the gallon.

9. Used to describe what something consists of or contains.

   Anyone could do this job; there's nothingto it.

   There's a lot of senseto what he says.

   The name has a nice ringto it.

   There are 100 penceto the pound.

10. Denotes the end of a range.

    It takes 2to 4 weeks to process typical applications.

11. (obsolete)Asa.

    With Godto friend (with God as a friend);  with The Devilto fiend (with the Devil as a foe);  lambs slaughteredto lake (lambs slaughtered as a sacrifice);  took herto wife (took her as a wife);  was soldto slave (was sold as a slave).

12. Used to indicate aratio orcomparison;compared to,as against.

    oneto one = 1:1

    tento one = 10:1.

    I have ten dollarsto your four.

    The odds on that horse are sevento two.

    • c.1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe],Tamburlaine the Great.[…] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London:[…][R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published1592,→OCLC; reprinted asTamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press,1973,→ISBN,Act II, scene iii:

      The hoſt ofXerxes, which by fame is ſaid
      To drinke the mightie ParthianAraris,
      Was but a handfullto that we will haue.

    • 2012 April 22, Sam Sheringham, “Liverpool 0-1 West Brom”, inBBC Sport‎^[3]:

      In total, the Reds had 28 shotsto their opponent's nine, and 15 corners to the Baggies' three.

13. (arithmetic)Used to indicate that the preceding term is to beraised to thepower of the following value; indicatesexponentiation.

    Three squared or threeto the second power is nine.

    Threeto the power of two is nine.

    Threeto the second is nine.

14. (time)Preceding (the stated hour).

    What's the time? – It's quarterto four in the afternoon (or 3:45 pm).

    Antonym:past

    1. (informal)With implied hour.

       It’s quarterto (3:45, or 4:45, or whatever time ending in 45 would make the most sense)

15. According to.

    Our holiday did not goto plan.

16. (Canada,Cornwall (UK),Newfoundland,Wales,West Midlands (UK))At.

    Stay where you'reto and I'll come find you, b'y.

    Where are youto?

    • 1867,Cornish Tales, in prose and verse by various authors, page33:

      "What's that to you?" said Trevool, rather sharply, "worn't Ito aberrin?[…]

17. Used more-or-less idiomatically with various verbs:keepto the left,agreeto the proposal,attendto the matter, etc. See the individual entries.

In the sense of "as a", it is afossil word(Standard English only), found usually only in obsolete set phrases like: "to take a womanto wife", "to have someoneto friend", "to have somethingto birthright" etc. In northern dialects,(clarification of this definition is needed) where it is rare but still in common use, it is often used in combination withwith.

• at

to (notcomparable)

1. (regionalism) Toward a closed, touching or engaging position.

   Synonyms:closed,shut

   Antonyms:open,ajar

   Please push the doorto.

   • 1913,D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, “chapter 12”, inSons and Lovers, London:Duckworth & Co. […],→OCLC:

     He went in his room, pushed the doorto, without fastening the latch.

   • 1925,F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, chapter V, inThe Great Gatsby, New York, N.Y.:Charles Scribner’s Sons,→OCLC,page104:

     Aware of the loud beating of my own heart I pulled the doorto against the increasing rain.

2. (nautical) Into the wind.
3. Misspelling oftoo.

The sense "toward a closed, touching or engaging position" is a regionalism found in various parts of the UK and US.

• come to
• heave to
• here's to
• lean-to
• set-to
• to and fro

• For quotations using this term, seeCitations:to.

FromHindiतो(to).

• (India)IPA^(key):/t̪oː/,[t̪oː]

to

1. (mild intensifier,colloquial, chieflyNorth India) a filler word common amongst urban Indians.

   I amto so bored right now.

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", inThe Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

• OT,ot-

to

1. sago(tree)

FromLatintuus.

to (epicene,pluraltos)

1. your

• tuyu

FromProto-Athabaskan*tuˑ.

to

1. water

• Sharon Hargus,Wisuwit’en Grammar: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology (2007),page 43

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

to

1. water

• Naoyoshi Ogawa,English-Favorlang vocabulary (2003)
• S. Tsuchida,A Comparative Vocabulary of Austronesian Languages of Sinicized Ethnic Groups in Taiwan, Part I: Western Taiwan,Memoirs of the Faculty of Letters, No. 7 (1982)

FromProto-Bahnaric*tɔʔ, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*tɔʔ. Cognates includeVietnameseđó,Khmerដ៏(dɑɑ).

• IPA^(key):/tɔː/

to

1. that,there

to

1. stiff porridge

Borrowed fromLatintonus, fromAncient Greekτόνος(tónos).^[1] First attested in 1575.

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈtɔ]

to m (pluraltons)

1. (music)tone(specific pitch)
2. (linguistics)tone(pitch of a word)
3. tone orshade of a color

• entonar
• semitò

• “to” inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “to” inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “to” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Inherited fromOld Czechto.

• IPA^(key):[ˈto]

• Audio:

  (file)

to n

1. nominative/accusative/vocativeneutersingular often:it,this,that

• “to”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
• “to”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
• “to”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

FromLatintuus. CompareItaliantuo,Romaniantău,Friulianto,Frenchton,Spanishtu.

to m (femininetoa)

1. your;second-person masculine singular possessive pronoun

• mi
• nuester
• vestro

FromOld Norsetveir, fromProto-Germanic*twai, fromProto-Indo-European*dwóh₁(“two”).

The modern Danish form is a merger of the original East Old Norse accusative masculinetwā and the nominative/accusative femininetwāʀ (Westtvær). The neutertū (Westtvau) is preserved in the adverbitu.

• IPA^(key):[ˈtˢoˀ]

to

1. two

FromOld Danishthwa, fromOld Norseþvá(“wash”), fromProto-Germanic*þwahaną.

• IPA^(key):[ˈtˢoˀ]

to (imperativeto,infinitiveatto,present tensetor,past tensetoede,perfect tensehartoet)

1. (archaic) towash

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key):/to/
• Rhymes:-o
• Hyphenation: to

to (accusative singularto-on,pluralto-oj,accusative pluralto-ojn)

1. The name of theLatin-script letterT/t.

• (Latin-script letter names)litero;a,bo,co,ĉo,do,e,fo,go,ĝo,ho,ĥo,i,jo,ĵo,ko,lo,mo,no,o,po,ro,so,ŝo,to,u,ŭo,vo,zo

to

1. antelope
2. (anatomy)ear
3. father-in-law
4. mortar
5. mountain

to

1. tocrush
2. topound

Abbreviation oftorstai(“Thursday”).

• IPA^(key):/ˈto/,[ˈt̪o̞]
• Rhymes:-o
• Syllabification^(key):to
• Hyphenation^(key):to

to

1. Thu(abbreviation of Thursday)

• IPA^(key):/to/
• Homophones:tau,taux,tôt

to m (pluraltos)

1. (cooking,West Africa) variant oftô

FromLatintuus.

to (second-person singular possessive of masculine singular,of feminine singulartô,of masculine pluraltiei,of feminine pluraltôs)

1. (used attributively)your,thy; ofyours, ofthine

   che al sedi santifiât ilto nom, che al vegni ilto ream, — "Your kingdom come,your will be done," (third and fourth sentences of Lord's Prayer)

2. (used predicatively)yours,thine
3. (used substantively)yours,thine; the thing belonging toyou/thee

• lôr
• gno
• nestri
• so
• vuestri

to

1. in,at,to

• Oumar Bah,Dictionnaire Pular-Français, Avec un index français-pular, Webonary.org, SIL International, 2014.

• IPA^(key):[ˈtɔː]

to

1. interjection used to call dogs or cattle
   • 1820, B. A. Fandiño,El Heráclito Español y Demócrito Gallego:

     Meu señor santo Tomé,
     tendes dous nomes nun só,
     sodes castrón polo mé,
     é sodes cán polotó.

     My good sirSanto Tomé:
     You have two names in just one,
     You are a ram with the "mé"
     And a dog with the "tó"

• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “to”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “to”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “to”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

to

1. feminine definite article

   Mututo ―The woman

• le

to

1. language

• Mary E. Kropp Dakubu,The Languages of Ghana

Cognates includeFontò,Saxwe Gbeotò,Adjaeto

• òtò,otò

• IPA^(key):/tò/

tò (pluraltò lɛ́ortò lẹ́)

1. city,village,town,country

   Ùn ná yì nátò cé / N ná yì nátò ṣié ―I will go to mycountry

Cognates includeFontò

• IPA^(key):/tò/

tò

1. A present progressive or habitual tense marker, only used before nouns.

   Synonyms:nɔ̀,nọ̀

   Nyɛ́tò hàn jì / Yẹ́ntò hàn jì ―I am singing

• IPA^(key):/tò/

tò

1. in,at

Cognates includeFontò,Adjatò. CompareYorubatò,Ifètò

• IPA^(key):/tò/

tò

1. toarrange,manage,organise

FromProto-Gbe*-tó. Cognates includeFontó,Saxwe Gbeotó,Adjaeto,Eweeto

• òtó,otó

• IPA^(key):/tó/

tó (pluraltó lɛ́ortó lẹ́)

1. ear

FromProto-Athabaskan*tuˑ.

• IPA^(key):/to(ː)/

to

1. a body ofwater, such as a lake or ocean

• The Phonology of the Hupa Language, part 1: The Individual Sounds, volume 5, by Roland Burrage Dixon, Samuel Alfred Barrett, Washington Matthews, Bill Ray (using the older orthography "tō")
• Victor Golla,Hupa Language Dictionary Second Edition (1996), page 105 (to)

to

1. Alternative form ofito(“that”)

to

1. eye

• Čestmír Loukotka, ‎Johannes Wilbert (editor),Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 162

to

1. Thehiragana syllableと(to) or thekatakana syllableト(to) inHepburn romanization.

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• Hyphenation:to

to

1. person;individual
2. people

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*to.

• IPA^(key):/ˈtɔ/
• Rhymes:-ɔ
• Syllabification:to

to

1. relative and interrogative pronoun;this,that

• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “to”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[4]

to

1. or

to

1. or

• tū

FromProto-Athabaskan*tuˑ.

to

1. water

• Franz Boas, Pline Early Goddard,Vocabulary of an Athapascan dialect of the State of Washington, IJAL volume III, pages 39-45 (1924-1925)

to

1. that;accusativesingularmasculine oftas
2. withthat;instrumentalsingularmasculine oftas
3. ofthat;genitivepluralmasculine oftas
4. that;accusativesingularfeminine oftas
5. withthat;instrumentalsingularfeminine oftas
6. ofthat;genitivepluralfeminine oftas

to

1. that;genitivesingularmasculine oftas

Inherited fromFrenchtu(“you, thou”).

• IPA^(key):/to/
• Rhymes:-o
• Homophone:tô

to (second person informal singular,pluralvouzòt,ouzòt,zòt,zo,objectivetwa,possessive determinertô,possessive pronountokin,tochin)

1. you(singular),thou

   To té paʼlé gra. /To te pale gra.

   You spoke with an accent.(literally: "You had spoken thick.")

• (prevocalic)t'

• IPA^(key):[tɔ]

to n

1. this

to

1. nominativeneutersingular often
2. accusativeneutersingular often

FromFrenchtu.

to (objectivetwa,formalou)

1. you(second-person singular nominative personal pronoun)

FromOld Englishtā,tāhe, fromProto-West Germanic*taihā, fromProto-Germanic*taihwǭ(“toe”).

• toe,towe,two,tho,teie;ta(northern);toa(Early Middle English)

• IPA^(key):/tɔː/
• (Northern)IPA^(key):/taː/

to (pluraltosorton)

1. (anatomy)toe

• mistelto

• English:toe
• Scots:tae
• Yola:toan(plural)

• “tō,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

FromOld Englishtō,ta,te, fromProto-Germanic*tō,*ta.

• IPA^(key):/toː/
• (unstressed)IPA^(key):/tu/,/tɔ/

to

1. to(infinitive marker)

• ta,ti,tu,tho,thu;te(Early Middle English);t(prevocalic)

• English:to
• Scots:tae

• “tọ̄̆,verbal part.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

to

1. to

• ta,ti,tu,tho,thu;te(Early Middle English);t(prevocalic)

• English:to
• Scots:tae
• Yola:ta,to,t'

• “tọ̄̆,prep.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

to

1. to

• two

• English:to
• Scots:tae

• “tọ̄,adv.(1).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

to

1. too

• two;ta(northern West Midlands)

• English:too
• Scots:tae
• Yola:too

• “tọ̄,adv.(2).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

to

1. until
2. while
3. so that

• “tọ̄̆,conj.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

Shortening oftone.

to

1. theone (of two)