si- (except before a/osa-,class II first-person singular)

1. thedirect object of an active transitive verb

   me

2. thesubject of astative intransitive verb

   I

3. indicates possession of a noun

   my

Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.

si-

1. First-person plural inclusive subject marker for tense modifying adverbs.

• IPA^(key):/sɪ̀-/

si-

1. Forms neuter perfective (adjectival) verbs

• Robert W. Young and William Morgan, Sr. (1987)The Navajo Language. A Grammar and Colloquial Dictionary, Albuquerque, New Mexico:University of New Mexico Press, page684.

si-

1. my,me

This is an alternative form ofshi- which comes about in some words as a result ofcoronal harmony. See, for example,sikʼis,sitsilí. This once firm rule has become optional, and today most Navajo speakers actually prefer to ignore the rules of sibilant (coronal) harmony, especially when there is relatively greater distance between the 1st-personshi- and the alveolar sibilant in the root.

si-

1. Marks the third person singular/duoplural ofsi-perfective verbs, although it is typically realized ass- orz-

With the∅- classifier:

With theł- classifier:

With the∅- classifier and coronal harmony:

With theł- classifier and coronal harmony:

With thel- andd- classifiers:

With thel- andd- classifiers and coronal harmony:

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form*tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we;first-person plural subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-, via an intermediate form*tɪ́-.

si-

1. us;first-person plural object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-.

si-

1. he,she,it;class 7 subject concord.
2. him,her,it;class 7 object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form*tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we;first-person plural subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-, via an intermediate form*tɪ́-.

si-

1. us;first-person plural object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

si-

1. Class 7 noun prefix.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-.

si-

1. he,she,it;class 7 subject concord.
2. him,her,it;class 7 object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form*tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we;first-person plural subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-, via an intermediate form*tɪ́-.

si-

1. us;first-person plural object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-.

si-

1. he,she,it;class 7 subject concord.
2. him,her,it;class 7 object concord.

CompareOld Javaneseasi-(“emphatic particle”)

si- (Sundanese scriptᮞᮤ-)

1. verb-forming prefix indicating an action done to oneself (reflexive verb)

   ‎si- + ‎beungeut → ‎sibeungeut(“to wash one's face”)

   ‎si- + ‎banyo → ‎sibanyo(“to wash one's hand”)

   ‎si- + ‎duru → ‎siduru(“to warm oneself near a fire”)

   ‎si- + ‎dakep → ‎sidakep(“to cross one's arm”)

• Appears to be no longer productive in contemporary Sundanese, as the words prefixed withsi- are now considered their own words. This appears in conjugations likesaribanyo ornyibeungeutan.^[1]

• Maman Sumantri, Atjep Djamaludin, Achmad Patoni, R.H. Moch. Koerdie, M.O. Koesman, Epa Sjafei Adisastra. (1985)Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta:Agency for Language Development and Cultivation –Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia

• Audio(Kenya):

  (file)

si-

1. I donot,1st person singular negative subject concord

   Antonym:ni-

si-

1. thenegativeemphaticcopula ornegativefocusingcopula: expresses "it is not" with an inflected object

   Antonym:ndi-

• Swahili grammar#Emphatic copula

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form*tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we;first-person plural subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-, via an intermediate form*tɪ́-.

si-

1. us;first-person plural object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-kɪ̀-.

si-

1. Class 7 noun prefix.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-.

si-

1. he,she,it;class 7 subject concord.
2. him,her,it;class 7 object concord.

si-

1. applicative prefix

si-

1. todrain

si-

1. todrain

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form*tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we;first-person plural subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-, via an intermediate form*tɪ́-.

si-

1. us;first-person plural object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-.

si-

1. he,she,it;class 7 subject concord.
2. him,her,it;class 7 object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ̀-, via an intermediate form*tɪ̀-.

si-

1. we;first-person plural subject concord.

FromProto-Bantu*tʊ́-, via an intermediate form*tɪ́-.

sí-

1. us;first-person plural object concord.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ̀-.

si-

1. Class 7 simple noun prefix.

FromProto-Bantu*kɪ́-.

sí-

1. he,she,it;class 7 subject concord.
2. him,her,it;class 7 object concord.

• C. M. Doke,B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “si-”, inZulu-English Dictionary,→ISBN: “si-”