pulma
Esperanto
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editpulma (accusative singularpulman,pluralpulmaj,accusative pluralpulmajn)
Related terms
editEstonian
editNoun
editpulma
Finnish
editEtymology
editUnknown origin. Probably cognate withIngrianpulmalliin(“difficult”). The nature of a relationship withEstonianpulm (pluralpulmad),Ingrianpulmat andVoticpulmõd (all "wedding") is unclear, but a semantic development from an original meaning "noise, racket, ruckus" may be possible.[1] Alternatively, an obscured derivational relationship topula(“shortage, crisis”) may be possible, in which case the Finnish word is not related to those aforementioned words meaning "wedding".
Pronunciation
editNoun
editpulma
- trouble,problem
- Synonym:ongelma
- dilemma,conundrum(difficult choice or decision that must be made)
- puzzle,riddle,brain-teaser,conundrum(difficult question or riddle)
- Synonym:ongelma
Declension
editInflection ofpulma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | pulma | pulmat | |
genitive | pulman | pulmien | |
partitive | pulmaa | pulmia | |
illative | pulmaan | pulmiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | pulma | pulmat | |
accusative | nom. | pulma | pulmat |
gen. | pulman | ||
genitive | pulman | pulmien pulmainrare | |
partitive | pulmaa | pulmia | |
inessive | pulmassa | pulmissa | |
elative | pulmasta | pulmista | |
illative | pulmaan | pulmiin | |
adessive | pulmalla | pulmilla | |
ablative | pulmalta | pulmilta | |
allative | pulmalle | pulmille | |
essive | pulmana | pulmina | |
translative | pulmaksi | pulmiksi | |
abessive | pulmatta | pulmitta | |
instructive | — | pulmin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- ^Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000),Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society,→ISBN
Further reading
edit- “pulma”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved2023-07-03
Anagrams
editRetrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pulma&oldid=83471827"
Categories:
- Esperanto 2-syllable words
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Esperanto/ulma
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto adjectives
- Estonian non-lemma forms
- Estonian noun forms
- Finnish terms with unknown etymologies
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ulmɑ
- Rhymes:Finnish/ulmɑ/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish koira-type nominals