nad

1. (linguistics) noun animate dependent

Douglas Harper suggests an abbreviation ofgonad originating among biology students.

• Audio(General Australian):

  (file)

nad (pluralnads)

1. (slang, mostly plural)testicle
   • 2004, Bob Gunn,Sex, Ghosts and Gumshoes, page119:

     I look down and the little one has already cut right through my ball sac and is in the process of slicing my leftnad free.

• -and,-dan,ADN,AND,DAN,DNA,Dan,Dan.,NDA,and,and-,dan,dna

Inherited fromOld Czechnad, fromProto-Slavic*nadъ.

• IPA^(key):[ˈnat]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-at

nad [withinstrumental]

1. over,above

   Antonym:pod

• “nad”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
• “nad”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

• And,dan,Dan,dna,DNA

Clipping ofnemad.

• IPA^(key):/ˈnɑd̥/,[ˈnɑd̥]
• Rhymes:-ɑd
• Hyphenation:nad

nad (genitivenende,partitiveneid)

1. short form ofnemad:they

• nad inSõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
• “nad”, in[EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation),2009

• nade

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ.

• IPA^(key):/ˈnat/
• Rhymes:-at
• Syllabification:nad

nad

1. denotes location;above,over[withinstrumental]

• “nad”, inInternetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby,2022
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “nad(e)”, inSłownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[1]

• nade,nhadde

not +‎had

nad

1. hadnot

• Yola:nad

• “nad”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ.

• IPA^(key):(13^th CE)/ˈnad/
• IPA^(key):(15^th CE)/ˈnat/

nad

1. denotes movement; toover, toabove[withaccusative]
2. denotes movement; tounder, tobelow[withaccusative]
3. denotes subject of an attack etc.[withaccusative]
4. denotes a higher position in comparisons;above[withaccusative]
5. denotes larger amount;above,more than[withaccusativeorinstrumental]
6. denotes first degree of comparisons;more than[withaccusativeorinstrumental]
7. with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature;of[withaccusative]
8. denotes additionality or excess;in addition to[withaccusative]
9. denotes a manner contrary to something else.[withaccusative]
10. denotes location;above,over[withinstrumental]
11. denotes position in a hierarchy;above,over[withinstrumental]
12. denotes vessel through which divine action is taken;through[withinstrumental]
13. denotes target of an action aimedat[withinstrumental]
14. denotes subject of power;over,above[withinstrumental]
15. denotes subject of emotion;over[withinstrumental]
16. denotes contradiction;despite[withinstrumental]

• Czech:nad

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “nad”, inSlovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague:Česká grafická společnost "unie",Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

nad

1. Alternative spelling ofnád

• nade

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key):(10^th–15^th CE)/nat/
• IPA^(key):(15^th CE)/nat/

nad

1. denotes location;above,over[withinstrumental]
2. denotes location;near,close to[withinstrumental]
3. denotes time;justbefore[withinstrumental]
4. denotes cause;because of[withinstrumental]
5. denotes position in comparison;over,more than[withinstrumentaloraccusative]
6. with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature;of[withinstrumental]
7. denotes subject of power;above[withinstrumental]
8. denotes subject of someones thoughts or actionsin relation to,vis-a-vis[withinstrumental]
9. denotes motion; toabove, toover[withaccusative]

• Polish:nad,nade
• Silesian:nad,nady

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “nad”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “nad”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “nad, nade”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

• nade

Inherited fromOld Polishnad.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-at
• Syllabification:nad
• Homophone:nad-

nad

1. denotes location;above,over[withinstrumental]

   Synonyms:ponad,powyżej

   Coordinate terms:pod,popod

   Nad biurkiem wisi piękny obraz. ―Above the desk hangs a beautiful painting.

2. denotes location, particularly in relation to a body of water;on,by[withinstrumental]

   Mieszkają w dużym domunad morzem. ―They live in a big houseby the sea.

   Opole leżynad Odrą. ―Opole lieson the Oder.

3. denotes motion; toabove, toover[withaccusative]

   Synonyms:ponad,powyżej

   Coordinate terms:pod,popod

   Podnieś ręcenad głowę! ―Put your handsabove your head!

4. denotes movement, particularly in relation to a body of water;to[withaccusative]

   Antonym:znad

   W niedzielę jedziemynad jezioro. ―We're goingto the lake on Sunday.

5. (literary ordialectal,Chełmno)denotes position in comparison;than;over[withaccusative]
6. over(indicates relative status, authority or power)[withinstrumental]

   Antonym:pod

   Nauczyciel umiejętnie panujenad klasą. ―The teacher skillfully keeps controlover the class.

7. (literary)denotes highest degree of intensity of an action or state;

   Synonym:ponad

   Kocham tonad życie. ―I love itto death/more than life itself/more than anything in the world.

8. denotes subject of activities;on[withinstrumental]

   Pracujęnad scenariuszem do nowego filmu. ―I'm workingon a script for a new film.

9. with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature;the greatest of all,of[withinstrumentalor(stylized)accusative]

   Oj, marzy mi się pizzanad pizzami! ―Oh, I dream ofthe greatest of all pizzas!

   Zawisza Czarny, rycerznad rycerzami, zginął po wzięciu do tureckiej niewoli. ―Zawisza Czarny, a knightof the knights, was killed after being captured by the Turks.

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),nad is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 91 times in scientific texts, 107 times in news, 101 times in essays, 127 times in fiction, and 72 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 498 times, making it the 90th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• nad inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• nad in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “nad, nade”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “NAD”, inElektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2008 December 17
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “nad”, inSłownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “nad”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “nad”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page28
• Kazimierz Nitsch (1907) “nad”, in “Dyalekty polskie Prus zachodnich”, inMateryały i Prace Komisyi Językowej Akademii Umiejętności w Krakowie (in Polish), volume 3, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page390

Univerbation ofan(“in”) +‎do(“thy”)

nad (+ dative,triggers lenition)

1. inthy;inyour (singular)

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ. Comparena(“on, onto”),nad-,nat-.

• IPA^(key):/nâd/

nȁd (Cyrillic spellingна̏д)

1. over,above(with no change of position, answering the questiongdjȅ/gdȅ)[withinstrumental]

   Synonym:ȉznad

   Antonym:pȍd

   nad stolom ―over the table

   vlastnad nekim ―powerover somebody

   herojnad herojima ―the greatest of all heroes

2. over,above(usually with change of position, answering the questionkùda)[withaccusative]

   Synonym:ȉznad

   Antonym:pȍd

   Nagnuo senad vodu. ―He leanedover the water.

• “nad”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

• nady

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ.

• IPA^(key):/ˈnat/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-at
• Syllabification:nad

nad

1. denotes location;above,over[withinstrumental]

   Synonyms:pōnad,powyżyj

   Coordinate term:pod

2. denotes movement; toabove, toover[withaccusative]

   Synonyms:pōnad,powyżyj

   Coordinate term:pod

3. denotes position close to water;by[withinstrumental]

   Synonym:kole

4. denotes movement close to water;to[withaccusative]
5. denotes object of certain actions.[withinstrumental]
6. denotes proximity of a time;around[withinstrumental]
7. denotes object most affceted by something.[withaccusative]
8. with a reduplicated noun, expresses superlative nature;of[withinstrumental]

• nad in silling.org

• nado

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ.

• IPA^(key):[nat]

nad

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out andadd a translation, then remove the text{{rfdef}}.

• “nad”, inSlovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak),https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk,2003–2025

Inherited fromProto-Slavic[Term?].

• IPA^(key):/nat/

nad

1. over,above (stationary)[withinstrumental]
2. over,above (motion towards)[withaccusative]

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*nadъ.

• IPA^(key):/ˈnat/
• Rhymes:-at
• Syllabification:nad

nad

1. denotes motion; toabove, toover[withaccusative]
2. denotes movement, particularly in relation to a body of water;to[withaccusative]
3. denotes location;above,over[withinstrumental]
4. denotes location, particularly in relation to a body of water;on,by[withinstrumental]
5. denotes extension past something;above,beyond[withinstrumental]
6. over(indicates relative status, authority or power)[withinstrumental]

• Lorentz, Friedrich (1908) “nãd”, inSlovinzisches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Saint Petersburg:ОРЯС ИАН,page683

Fromna with the same meaning, perhaps with addition ofyd(affirmative particle).^[1]

• IPA^(key):/nad/

nad

1. (formal)that …not(introduces a negative noun clause, marking it for emphasis)

   Mae e’n dweudnad athro yw ef.

   He saysthat he isnot a teacher.

2. that …not(introduces a negative noun clause, used before a vowel)

   Mae e’n dweudnad ydy e’n mynd.

   He saysthat he isnot going.

• mai(affirmative, emphasis)
• taw(affirmative, emphasis)
• na(negative, unmarked, used before a consonant)

FromMiddle Englishnad; equivalent tonat +‎had.

• IPA^(key):/nad/

nad

1. hadnot
   • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, page58:

     Nad Ich.

     Had I(not?).

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page58