los

1. (international standards)ISO 639-3language code forLoniu.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Loniu terms

Inherited fromMiddle Englishlusk, fromOld Englishlox, fromProto-West Germanic*luhs, fromProto-Germanic*luhsaz. Cognate withScotslos,Saterland FrisianLuks,Low GermanLuks,Dutchlos,GermanLuchs,LuxembourgishLuuss.

• losse

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/lɒs/
• (General American)IPA^(key):/lɑs/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɒs
• Homophone:loss

los (pluralloses)

1. (obsolete) A medium-sized wildcat, most of them part of the genusLynx.

   Synonym:lynx

   Thelos had been brought from a northern part of the United States.

   • 1592, Thomas Thomasius,Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:

     A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, aLos or Lynx.

Inherited fromMiddle Englishlos, fromOld Englishlos, fromProto-Germanic*lusą, fromProto-Indo-European*lews-.

los (pluralloses)

1. Obsolete form ofloss.
   • 1673,[Joseph Hill],The Interest Of theſe United Provinces. Being a Defence of the Zeelanders Choice […], Middelburg: Printed by Thomas Berry,page[75]:

     If we come underFrance, we have not onelySpaine our enimie by Sea and Land (as we have ſhewne) but thelos of ourSpaniſh Trade, and the hazarding of our wholeLevant Traffick: And if we rightly calculate, that amounts to no ſmall part of our Commerce.

los (uncountable)

1. Alternative form ofloos(“praise; fame; reputation”).

• LOS,LSO,sol,SOL,SLO,OSL,OLS

Inherited fromDutchlossen.

los (presentlos,present participlelosende,past participlegelos)

1. toleave,abandon

Derived fromLatinillos(“those ones”).

los

1. them(masculine direct object)

• es

• llos(archaic)

Inherited fromLatinillōs, fromille.

los m pl (masculine sgel,feminine sgla,neuter sglo,feminine pluralles)

1. (definite)the

• (Central)IPA^(key):/lus/
• (Valencia)IPA^(key):/los/

Inherited fromLatinillōs; cf.els.

los (enclitic,contracted'ls,procliticels)

1. them(masculine, direct or indirect object)

   perdoneu-los ―forgivethem

   doneu-los una moneda ―givethem a coin

2. them(feminine, indirect object only)

   digueu-los la veritat ―tellthem the truth

• -los is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with aconsonant or ⟨u⟩.

Inherited fromLatinillōs, fromille.

los m pl

1. masculineplural oflo

• IPA^(key):[ˈlos]
• Rhymes:-os

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*ȏlsь.^[1][2] Cognate withEnglishelk,GermanElch.

los m anim

1. elk (British),moose (U.S.)

Borrowed fromGermanLos,^[3][4] fromMiddle High Germanlōz, fromOld High Germanhlōz, fromProto-West Germanic*hlaut, fromProto-Germanic*hlautaz, ablaut variant of*hlutą.

los m inan

1. lotteryticket

• “los”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
• “los”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

Inherited fromOld Norselauss.

los

1. loose

Derived fromMiddle Low Germanlos, fromOld Saxonlohs, fromProto-West Germanic*luhs.

los c (singular definitelossen,plural indefinitelosser)

1. lynx

Deverbal fromlosse, itself fromLow Germanlossen, fromMiddle Low Germanlossen, from the adjectivelos(“loose”) and thus related to Etymology 1 above.

los n (singular definitelosset,plural indefinitelos)

1. tounload something
2. kick

• IPA^(key):/lɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:los
• Rhymes:-ɔs

Inherited fromMiddle Dutchlos, fromOld Dutch*los, fromProto-West Germanic*lus (a-stem), fromProto-Germanic*lusaz, related to*lausaz.

Cognate withRipuarianCentral Franconianloss,Luxembourgishlass,lues. Related with Dutchloos, the cognate ofGermanlos,lose,Englishloose.

los (comparativelosser,superlativemeest losorlost)

1. loose

   Delosse kleding zat comfortabel.

   Theloose clothing was comfortable.

   Zorg ervoor dat de schroeven goed vastzitten en nietlos zijn.

   Make sure the screws are tightly fastened and notloose.

   Het kind hield de ballon stevig vast zodat hij nietlos zou vliegen.

   The child held the balloon tightly so that it wouldn't flyloose.

2. separate,individual

   Dit product is niet bestemd voorlosse verkoop.

   This product is not intended to be soldindividually.

• Berbice Creole Dutch:losi
• → Papiamentu:lòs,los

Inherited fromMiddle Dutchlos, fromOld Dutch*los, fromProto-Germanic*luhsuz, perhaps fromProto-Indo-European*lewk-(“light, to shine”) or from asubstrate language.^[1]Doublet oflynx.

Cognate withOld Saxonlohs,Old High Germanluhs,Old Englishlox, from a similar Germanic form alsoSwedishlodjur. Cognates outside Germanic includeAncient Greekλύγξ(lúnx),Lithuanianlūšis,Old Church Slavonicрꙑсь(rysĭ),Old Irishlug,Old Armenianլուսանունք(lusanunkʻ).

los m (plurallossen,diminutivelosje n)

1. (dated)lynx (specifically theEurasian lynx,Lynx lynx)

   Synonym:lynx

• losch(obsolete)

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

los

1. inflection oflossen:
   1. first-personsingularpresentindicative
   2. (in case ofinversion)second-personsingularpresentindicative
   3. imperative

• sol

Inherited fromMiddle Low German andOld Saxonlōs, fromProto-West Germanic*laus, cognate withDutchlos andEnglishloose.

• Rhymes:-ɔs

los

1. open

Inherited fromLatinillōs.

• les

los m pl

1. masculineplural oflo(“the”)

los m pl(ORB, broad)

1. them(third-person plural masculine accusative)

• les in DicoFranPro:Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – ondicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• los in Lo trèsor Arpitan – onarpitan.eu

los(Old Dauphinois)

1. Alternative form oflèc(“lake”)

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “lacus”, inFranzösisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume5: J L,page126

Inherited fromOld Frenchlos, fromLatinlaus, probably via the nominative singular form.^[1]

• IPA^(key):/lo/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones:lods(general),lot,lots(except regionally)

los m (plurallos)

1. (obsolete)praise;acclaim

   Synonym:(modern)louange

• louer

• “los”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

• IPA^(key):/loːs/(standard)
• IPA^(key):/lɔs/(regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”)

Inherited fromMiddle High German andOld High Germanlōs. CompareEnglishloose.

los (strong nominative masculine singularloser,comparativeloser,superlativeamlosesten)

1. (colloquial ordated)Alternative form oflose(“loose”)

los(only used in combination with a verb)

1. rid of,free of

   Ich bin meine Erkältunglos. ―I've gottenrid of my cold.

2. off,out,used to indicate leaving motion.

   Morgen fahren wirlos. ―Tomorrow wehead out.

   Ich musslos. ―I have togo.

3. going on

   Hier ist einigeslos. ―There's a lot going on here.

   Was istlos? ―What'sgoing on? / What'sup? / What'swrong?

4. (colloquial,regional, Westphalia, Lower Saxony)open

   Die Tür standlos. ―The door stoodopen.

los

1. come on!,let's go!

   Los! An die Arbeit! ―Come on! Let's get to work!

2. (motor racing) Go!

• gelosen

See the etymology of the correspondinglemma form.

los

1. singularimperative oflosen

• IPA^(key):[ˈlɔs]
• Hyphenation:los

Shortening fromlosmen(“hostel”).

los (plurallos-los)

1. hostel
2. longhouse

Borrowed fromDutchloods(“pilot”).

los (plurallos-los)

1. (navigation)pilot boat

Borrowed fromDutchlos(“loose”).

los

1. (colloquial)loose,free

   Synonyms:lepas,bebas

• “los” inKamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta:Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

los

1. (accusative, dative)them,those

Inherited fromOld Spanishlos(“the; them”), fromLatinillōs accusative plural masculine ofille.

• Audio(Paris):

  (file)

los m pl (Hebrew spellingלוס,singularel,femininelas)

1. masculineplural ofel(“the”)[ca. 1510^[1]]
   • 1991, Matilda Koén-Sarano,Djoha ke dize? Kuentos populares djudeo‐espanyoles‎^[2],כנה:

     Enlos kuentos djidiós Djohá es el furbo ke embrolia el no‐Djidió, komo enlos kuentos árabos el Djohá árabo aparese komo el ke riushe a “azersela” al Djidió¹¹.

     Inthe Jewish accounts Djohá is the cunning one who confuses the gentile, as inthe Arab accounts Djohá seems like he succeeds at ‘becoming’ the Jew.

los (Hebrew spellingלוס)^[2]

1. accusative ofeyos;them[ca. 1510^[1]]
   • 1910, Reuben Eliyahu Israel,Traducsion libera de las poezias ebraicas de Roş Aşana i Kipur‎^[3], Craiova: Institutul Grafic, I. Samitca şi D. Baraş, Socieatate in Comandita,→OCLC,page12:

     Tu sos envestido i envelupado de giustidad, a ti solo apartiene la sopirioridad
     Si no ai en nozotros ovras ⁴) boenas, acodrate de noestros padres i de sus santedad.
     Siemprelos tengas en tu memoria i apiada a tu comunidad

     You are dressed and enveloped with justice, only to you does superiority belong; were good deeds absent from us, remind yourself of our fathers and their holiness. You always havethem in memory; rescue your people.

Derived fromFrenchloche (dialectal).

los

1. slug

• Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987).Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

Inherited fromOld Dutch*los, fromProto-West Germanic*laus(“loose, free”).

los

1. loose,free
2. free, notencumbered
3. havinglost,robbed

• Dutch:los
• Limburgish:lósj

• “los”, inVroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek,2000
• Verwijs, E.,Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “los (I)”, inMiddelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff,→ISBN, page I

• lose,losse

Inherited fromOld Englishlos.

• IPA^(key):/lɔs/,/lɔːs/

los (uncountable)

1. loss

• English:loss
• Scots:los,lose,lois
• Yola:lass

• “lō̆s,n.(1).”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007.

• loz

Inherited fromMiddle Englishlosse, fromOld Englishlox, fromProto-West Germanic*luhs, fromProto-Germanic*luhsaz. Cognate withEnglishlos,Saterland FrisianLuks,Low GermanLuks,Dutchlos,GermanLuchs,LuxembourgishLuuss.

los

1. lynx

• “los,n.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC.

Borrowed fromLow Germanlots (short form oflotsman); compare withGermanLotse.

los m (definite singularlosen,indefinite pluralloser,definite plurallosene)

1. (nautical) apilot(person who guides ships in and out of a harbour)

• “los” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

los m (definite singularlosen,indefinite plurallosar,definite plurallosane)

1. Alternative spelling oflós

• Homophones:lòs,lås

los n (definite singularloset,indefinite plurallos,definite plurallosa)

1. Alternative spelling oflòs

Inherited fromLatinillōs, fromille.

• Audio:

  (file)

los (singularlo,femininela,feminine plurallas)

1. the;masculine plural definite article

Inherited fromProto-Germanic*lusą(“loss”), fromProto-Indo-European*lewHs-(“to cut loose; sever; lose”). Cognate withOld Norselos(“looseness; breaking up”).

• IPA^(key):/los/

los n (nominative plurallos)

1. loss
2. destruction

Stronga-stem:

• losian

• Middle English:los,lose,losse
  • English:loss
  • Scots:los,lose,lois
  • Yola:lass

See the verbloer(“to laud”).

losoblique singular, m (oblique plurallos,nominative singularlos,nominative plurallos)

1. glory; positivereputation

• French:los

Inherited fromProto-West Germanic*laus, see also Old Englishlēas, Old Norselauss.

lōs

1. loose

Borrowed fromOld High Germanhlōz, fromProto-West Germanic*hlaut. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key):(10^th–15^th CE)/lʲɔs/
• IPA^(key):(15^th CE)/lʲɔs/

los m inan (related adjectivelosowy)

1. (attested inLesser Poland)lot(thing used for determining chances)
   • 1930 [c.1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[4],33, 54:

     Wyøczsim daycze szirsze a mnyeysim wøssze, wszitkim iakoslos przipadnye (ut sors ceciderit)

     [Więcszym dajcie szyrsze a mniejszym węższe. Wszytkim jakożlos przypadnie (ut sors ceciderit)]

   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[5],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages21, 19:

     Rozdzelili sobe odzene moie y na odzew moy pusczililoos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)

     [Rozdzielili sobie odzienie moje i na odziew moj puścililos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)]

2. (attested inLesser Poland)drawing lots(act of determining using lots)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[6],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages77, 60:

     Y wirzuczil od oblicza gich pogani, ylosem rozdzelil gim zemø (sorte divisit eis terram)

     [Y wyrzucił od oblicza jich pogany, ilosem rozdzielił jim ziemię (sorte divisit eis terram)]

• Polish:los
• Silesian:los

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “los”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “los”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “los”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “los”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “los”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN

Inherited fromLatinillōs accusative plural masculine ofille.

los m pl (singularel,femininelas)

1. masculineplural ofel(“the”)
   • c.1250,Alfonso X,Lapidario,f. 118v:

     Et dixieronlos ſabios en el libro de las piedras que la uerde atal uirtut. que quien la engaſtonare en ſortija. la traxiere conſigo. nõ aura la enfermedat a que dizen ydropiſia.

     And in theBook of Stonesthe wise men claimed that the green stone possesses such virtue that he who mounts it on a ring and has it with him will not suffer from the illness they call dropsy.

los

1. accusative ofellos;them
   • c. 1140 to 1207, anonymous,Poem of the Cid 1263-1266:

     Mandolos venir ala corth ⁊ a todos loᷤ iuntar
     Qͣndolos fallo por cuenta fizolos nonbrar
     Tres mill & ſeys çientos auie myo çid el de biuar
     Alegras le el coraçon ⁊ tornos aſonrriſar

     He orderedthem to come to the court and to assemble,
     and when he foundthem there, he hadthem counted and recorded.
     My Cid of Vivar had 3600 men,
     his heart was pleased, and he began to smile.

• Ladino:los,לוס
• Spanish:los

Inherited fromOld Polishlos.Doublet oflotto.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɔs
• Syllabification:los

los m inan (related adjectivelosowy)

1. (uncountable)fate(presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
2. (countable)fate(effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)

   Synonym:dola

3. (countable)fate(event or a situation which is inevitable in the fullness of time; destiny)

   Synonym:przeznaczenie

4. (countable)lot(slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)
   1. lottery ticket
   2. (Middle Polish)gambling

      Synonym:hazard

   3. (Middle Polish,figuratively)trick,ploy,ruse(action intended to deceive or swindle)

      Synonym:sztuczka

5. (Middle Polish)cut,inheritance,property received bylot
6. (Middle Polish)person ofdialogue

• → Belarusian:лёс(ljos)

According toSłownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990),los is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 16 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 71 times, making it the 907th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• los inWielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• los in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “los”, inSłownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “los”, inSłownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “los”, inSłownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz,A. Kryński,W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “los”, inSłownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page764

los

1. Alternative form ofos(third-personmasculinepluralobjective pronoun)used as anenclitic andmesoclitic following a verb form ending in aconsonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary

Inherited fromOld Irishlos, fromProto-Celtic*lustā, from theProto-Indo-European root*lew-(“to divide, to split”). Cognate withWelshllost.

los m (genitive singularlois)

1. purpose,intention
2. control
3. (obsolete)tail,end

Shortening ofa los.

los

1. in order to

Borrowed fromRussianлось(losʹ), fromProto-Slavic*ȏlsь.^[1] First attested in the 19th century.

• IPA^(key):/lôs/

lȍs m (Cyrillic spellingло̏с)

1. moose
2. elk

• “los”, inHrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian),2006–2025

Inherited fromOld Polishlos.

• IPA^(key):/ˈlɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɔs
• Syllabification:los

los m inan

1. fate(presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
2. lot(slip of paper used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)

• los in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “los”, inZasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page93

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*olsь.

• IPA^(key):/lóːs/

lọ̑s m anim

1. elk,moose

• “los”, inSlovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene),2014–2025

Inherited fromOld Spanishlos(“the; them”), fromLatinillōs accusative plural masculine ofille.

• IPA^(key):/los/[los]

• Audio(Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-os
• Syllabification:los

los m pl (singularel,femininelas)

1. masculineplural ofel(“the”)

   ¿Qué hacenlos muchachos?

   What dothe boys do?

los

1. accusative ofellos;them
2. accusative ofustedes(when referring to more than one man);you all (formal or(Latin America) informal)
3. plural masculine or neuter pronoun

   los que no hablan

   those who do not speak

• sol

los

1. indefinitegenitivesingular oflo

• Sol,sol

Inherited fromProto-Hmong-Mien*ləwX(“to come back”).^[1]

• IPA^(key):/lɒ˩/

los

1. tocome,return (toone'shome or to aplace where oneresides)

   Synonym:tuaj

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979)White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[7], SEAP Publications,→ISBN.

CompareArmenianլոշ(loš).

los (genitive singularlosi)

1. lavash