• enPR:lĭst,IPA^(key):/lɪst/

• Audio(General American):

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• Audio(General Australian):

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• Rhymes:-ɪst
• Homophone:Liszt

FromMiddle Englishlī̆st,lī̆ste(“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), fromOld Englishlīste(“hem, edge, strip”), orOld Frenchliste,listre(“border; band; strip of paper; list”), orMedieval Latinlista,^[1] all fromProto-West Germanic*līstā, fromProto-Germanic*līstǭ(“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly fromProto-Indo-European*leys-(“to trace, track”).

list (plurallists)

1. Astrip offabric, especially from theedge of apiece ofcloth.
   • c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene ii],page62, column 1, lines27–34:

     1.Gent[leman]. Well: there went but a paire ofſheeres betweene vs. /Luc[io]. I grant: as there may betweene theLiſts, and theVeluet. Thou art theLiſt. / 1.Gent. And thou the Veluet. Thou art good Veluet; thou'rt a threepild-piece I warrant thee: I had asliefe be aLyſt of an EngliſhKerſey, as be pil'd, as thou art pil'd, for a French Veluet. Do I ſpeake feelingly now?

     1st Gentleman. Well, you and I arecut from the same cloth. /Lucio. I agree: just as thelists [scraps from the edge of the cloth] and the velvet are from the same cloth. You are thelist. /1st Gentleman. And you are the velvet. You are good velvet; you are a three-piled piece, I'll bet. I would willingly be alist of an English kersey, than be full ofpiles [haemorrhoids], as you are piled, like a French velvet. Do I speak feelingly now?

   • 1889,Rudyard Kipling, “The Education of Otis Yeere”, inUnder the Deodars, Boston: The Greenock Press, published1899, page20:

     “Listen! I see it all — down, down even to the stays!Such stays! Six-eight a pair, Polly, with red flannel — orlist is it? — that they put into the tops of those fearful things. I can draw you a picture of them.”

   • 1913, Arthur Conan Doyle, “(please specify the page)”, inThe Poison Belt […], London; New York, N.Y.:Hodder and Stoughton,→OCLC:

     Why should we not send a message out over London which would attract to us anyone who might still be alive? I ran across, and pulling at thelist-covered rope, I was surprised to find how difficult it was to swing the bell.

3. Material used for clothselvage.
   • 1871 September 18, “The Jewish New Year”, inThe Jewish Herald: A Record of Christian Effort for the Salvation of Israel, London: John Snow & Co., […]; and theBritish Society[for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews], […], published 1 November 1871,→OCLC,page174:

     Previous to the offering up of prayer, however, the persons chosen for this office [of praying for the people] had divested themselves of their boots and put onlist slippers, their hands being washed by "the descendants of Levi" at a basin near the Holy of Holies.

   • 1893,A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Naval Treaty”, inThe Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.:A. L. Burt,→OCLC; republished London:John Murray, […], January 1950,→OCLC,page255:

     "How is it, then, that the woman who came into the room about nine left to traces with her muddy boots?" / "I am glad you raise the point. It occurred to me at the time. The charwomen are in the habit of taking off their boots at the commissionaire's office, and putting onlist slippers."

5. Aregister orroll ofpaper consisting of acompilation orenumeration of aset of possibleitems; the compilation or enumeration itself.[from 1600]
   • 1625,Francis [Bacon], “Of Youth and Age. XLII.”, inThe Essayes […], 3rd edition, London:[…] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret,→OCLC,pages247–248:

     Natures that haue much Heat, and great and violent deſires and Perturbations, are not ripe for Action, till they haue paſſed the Meridian of their yeares: As it was withIulius Cæſar, andSeptimius Seuerus.[…] And yet he [Septimus Severus] was the Ableſt Emperour, almoſt, of all theLiſt.

   • 1843 December 19,Charles Dickens, “Stave I. Marley’s Ghost.”, inA Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London:Chapman & Hall, […],→OCLC,pages11–12:

     "Scrooge and Marley's, I believe," said one of the gentlemen, referring to hislist. "Have I the pleasure of addressing Mr. Scrooge, or Mr. Marley?"

   • 2013 June 29, “A punch in the gut: How microbes promote liver cancer in the overweight”, inThe Economist‎^[2], volume407, number8842, pages72–73:

     Mostly, the microbiome is beneficial.[…] Research over the past few years, however, has implicated it in diseases from atherosclerosis to asthma to autism. Dr Yoshimoto and his colleagues would like to add liver cancer to thatlist.

7. (in theplural,historical) Thebarriers orpalisades used tofence off aspace forjousting ortiltingtournaments.
   • 1595 December 9 (first known performance),William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act I, scene 3]:

     On pain of death, no person be so bold
     Or daring-hardy as to touch thelists,
     Except the marshal and such officers
     Appointed to direct these fair designs.

   • 1662 (indicated as1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto II.”, inHudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London:[…]John Martyn andHenry Herringman, […], published1678,→OCLC; republished inA[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor,Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:University Press,1905,→OCLC,page32:

     With Truncheon tip'd with Iron head, / The Warrior to theLists [he] led;[…]

   • 1715,Homer, translated byAlexander Pope, “Book III”, inThe Iliad of Homer, volume I, London:[…]W[illiam] Bowyer, forBernard Lintott […],→OCLC,page16, lines319–323:

     Ariſe, O Father of theTrojan State! / The Nations call, thy joyful People wait, / To ſeal the Truce and end the dire Debate. /Paris thy Son, andSparta’s King advance, / In meaſur’dLiſts to toſs the weighty Lance;[…]

   • 1819 December 20 (indicated as1820),Walter Scott, chapter VIII, inIvanhoe; a Romance. […], volume I, Edinburgh:[…]Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […],→OCLC,page139:

     William de Wyvil, and Stephen de Martival,[…] armed at all points, rode up and down thelists to enforce and preserve good order among the spectators.

   • 1951,C. S. Lewis, “Chapter 14. How All Were Very Busy”, inPrince Caspian:

     They ran down to thelists and Peter came outside the ropes to meet them, his face red and sweaty, his chest heaving.

8. (in theplural,military,historical) Thescene of amilitarycontest; theground orfield ofcombat; anenclosedspace that serves as abattlefield; thesite of apitched battle.
   • 1862, John Williamson Palmer,Stonewall Jackson's Way :

     The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in thelists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”

9. (computing,programming) Acodifiedrepresentation of alist used tostoredata or inprocessing; especially, in theLispprogramming language, adata structure consisting of asequence ofzero or more items.
   • 1985 March 10, Ed Acly, “A Tale of Three Languages: C, Ada & Lisp”, inComputerworld: The Newsweekly for the Computer Community, volume XIX, number12, Framingham, Mass.: CW Communications,→ISSN,→OCLC,pageID/10, columns1–2:

     Lisp is an applicative language. This means that it is structured around applying functions (operations) to a linkedlist of arguments that accompany those functions.[…] A function call or function definition is only coded in the syntax of alist, which can be of an indefinite length. Thus, thelist is the only data structure for a Lisp program.

10. (architecture) A littlesquaremoulding; afillet orlistel.
    • 1788,[John Carter], “STRIÆ”, inThe Builder’s Magazine: Or, A Universal Dictionary for Architects, Carpenters, Masons, Bricklayers, &c. […], new edition, London: Printed for E. Newbery, […],→OCLC,page284:

      STRIÆ, in ancient architecture, theliſts, fillets or rays which ſeparate the ſtriges or flutings of columns.

    • 1876, Edward Shaw,Thomas W[illiam] Silloway,George M[ilford] Harding, “Introduction”, inCivil Architecture; being a Complete Theoretical and Practical System of Building, Containing the Fundamental Principles of the Art. […], 11th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry Carey Baird & Co., […],→OCLC,page22, column 2:

      Avolute is a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and Composite capitals, of which it makes the principal characteristic and ornament.[…] There are several diversities practised in the volute. In some, thelist or edge, throughout all the circumvolutions, is in the same line or plane.[…] [I]n others, the canal or one circumvolution is detached from thelist of another by a vacuity or aperture.

11. (carpentry) Anarrow strip ofwood, especiallysapwood, cut from the edge of aboard orplank.
12. (ropemaking) A piece ofwoollen cloth with which theyarns aregrasped by aworker.
13. (tin-plate manufacture) Thefirst thincoating oftin; awire-likerim of tin left on an edge of theplate after it iscoated.
14. (obsolete) Astripe.
    • 1650,Thomas Browne, “Of the Same[i.e., the Blacknesse of Negroes]”, inPseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London:[…] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […],→OCLC, 6th book,page282:

      Thus the Aſſe having a peculiar mark of a croſſe made by a blackliſt down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his ſhoulders; common opinion aſcribes this figure unto a peculiar ſignation; ſince that beaſt had the honour to bear our Saviour on his back.

15. (obsolete) Aboundary orlimit; aborder.
    • c.1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare],The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London:[…]P[eter] S[hort] forAndrew Wise, […], published1598,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene i]:

      [W]ere it good /[…] to ſet ſo rich a maine / On the nice hazard of one doubtfull houre? / It were not good for therein ſhould we read / The very bottome and the ſoule of hope, / The veryliſt, the very vtmost bound / Of all our fortunes.

      Is it good /[…] to place so high a stake / On the risky hazard of one doubtful hour? / No, it would be no good for we would read into it that we had reached / The end of our hope, / The verylimit, the very utmost boundary / Of all our luck.

• (enumeration or compilation of items):seeThesaurus:list

• (enumeration or compilation of items):seeThesaurus:list

list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelisted)

1. (transitive) Tocreate orrecite alist.
2. (transitive) Toplace inlistings.
   • 1993, Ooi Jin Bee, “The Tropical Rain Forest: Patterns of Exploitation and Trade”, inTropical Deforestation: The Tyranny of Time, Singapore:Singapore University Press,→ISBN,page62:

     As the export market for tropical hardwoods expanded, timber from tropical rain forests very rapidly became the dominant or major forest product, dominant to such an extent that trade figures often do not evenlist the minor forest products exported, or their value.

3. (transitive) Tosew together, asstrips ofcloth, so as to make ashow ofcolours, or toform aborder.
4. (transitive) Tocover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; tostripe as if with list.

   tolist a door

   • 1859,Alfred Tennyson, “Vivien”, inIdylls of the King, London:Edward Moxon & Co., […],→OCLC,page142:

     He raised his eyes and saw / The tree that shone white-listed thro' the gloom.

5. (transitive,agriculture) Toplough andplant with alister.
6. (transitive,agriculture, chieflySouthern US) Toprepare (land) for acottoncrop by makingalternatingbeds andalleys with ahoe.
7. (transitive,carpentry) Tocut away anarrow strip, as ofsapwood, from theedge of.

   tolist a board

8. (transitive,military) Toenclose (afield, etc.) forcombat.
9. (transitive,obsolete) Toengage asoldier, etc.; toenlist.
   • 1642 October 28,[Philip Morant],History and Antiquities of the Borough of Colchester, in the County of Essex. […], Colchester, Essex: Printed and sold by I. Marsden,[...], published1810,→OCLC,pages48–49:

     […] It is therefore ordered that the Maior and Aldermen of Colchester [et al.], shall forthwith procure and raise in the said severall townes, and other pleces adjacent, two thousand horses for dragooners, or as manie as possible they may, for the service as aforesaid, and with all possible speed to send them up to London unto Thomas Browne Grocer, and Maximilian Beard Girdler, by us appointed tolist horses for the service aforesaid;[…]

   • 1822, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, inPeveril of the Peak. […], volume I, Edinburgh:[…]Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co.,→OCLC,page107:

     "I have a gun, madam," said little Julian, "and the park-keeper is to teach me how to fire it next year." / "I willlist you for my soldier, then," said the Countess.

10. (intransitive,obsolete) To engage inpublic service byenrolling one'sname; to enlist.
11. To give a building of architectural or historical interest listed status; see also the adjectivelisted.
    • 2021 February 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards honour the best restoration projects: The London Underground Operational Enhancement Award: Hanwell”, inRAIL, number946, page55:

      A century later, BR demolished the downside main buildings, so the eastbound and central platforms were promptlylisted - which has ensured their survival, albeit increasingly neglected in recent years. This has now been rectified, [...].

12. (intransitive, of abusiness) Totrade on a particularstock exchange.
    • 2024 July 13, Laura Onita, Eleanor Olcott, “Shein's master of reinvention treads tricky path to IPO”, inFT Weekend, page11:

      Responsible for public affairs, business strategy, corporate development and finance, he [Donald Tang] now faces the task of getting an initial public offering over the line in London after ditching earlier plans tolist in New York in the face of US political opposition.

• (create or recite a list):tabulate; see alsoThesaurus:tick off

FromMiddle Englishlist,liste(“ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token”), fromOld Englishlist(“art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill”),^[2] fromProto-West Germanic*listi, fromProto-Germanic*listiz(“art, craft”), fromProto-Indo-European*leys-,*leyǝs-(“furrow, trace, track, trail”).

The word is cognate withDutchlist(“artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem”),GermanList(“cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick”),Low Germanlist(“artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom”),Icelandiclist(“art”),Saterland Frisianlist(“cunning, knowledge”),Scotslist(“art, craft, skill; cunning”),Swedishlist(“art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth”), and possiblySpanishlisto(“clever”). It is also related tolearn,lore.

list (uncountable)

1. (archaic)Art;craft;cunning;skill.
   • 1877 November 16, “Vaticanism”, inThe Literary World. Choice Readings from the Best New Books, and Critical Reviews, volume XVI, number 420 (New Series), London:James Clarke & Co., […],→OCLC,page313, column 3:

     In discussing the Syllabus and the last dogma of 1870, so much must be allowed for Italianlist and cunning, or a word-fence. An Englishman, with his matter-of-fact way of putting things, is no match for these gentry.

   • 1893,S[olomon] C[aesar] Malan, chapter XXVI, inOriginal Notes on the Book of Proverbs. Mostly from Eastern Writings, volumes III (Ch. xxi.–xxxi.), London:Williams and Norgate, […],→OCLC,page349:

     Sophos, fab[le] 40. "The foxes had heard that the fowls were sick, and went to see them decked in peacock's feathers; said of men who speak friendly, but only withlist or cunning within."

   • 1897, Lilian Winser, “Lossenbury Woods”, inLays and Legends of the Weald of Kent, London:Elkin Mathews, […],→OCLC,page44:

     For when the guileful monster smiled / Snakes left their holes and hissed,— / And stroking soft his silken beard / Raised creatures full oflist.

   • 1990, Alexander L. Ringer, “The Rise of Urban Musical Life between the Revolutions, 1789–1848”, in Alexander[L.] Ringer, editor,The Early Romantic Era: Between Revolutions: 1789 and 1848 (Man and Music; 6), Basingstoke, Hampshire, London:The Macmillan Press,→DOI,→ISBN, figure 13, caption,page22:

     'The general bass, in its fixed lines, is taken by surprise and overwhelmed byList [[Franz] Liszt]' (List = cunning); anonymous lithograph (c 1842).

   • 1992,Reading Medieval Studies: Annual Proceedings of the Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies in the University of Reading,[Reading, Berkshire]: Graduate Centre for Medieval Studies,University of Reading,→ISSN,→OCLC, page92:

     [Der] Pleier[…] provides a 'courtly corrective' to Daniel in the shape of his hero,Garel. The latter wins his fight not bylist but through straightforward knightly prowess,[…]

   • 2000, Jakov Ljubarskij, “John Kinnamos as a Writer”, in Cordula Scholz, Georgios Makris, editors,ΠΟΛΥΠΛΕΥΡΟΣ ΝΟΥΣ[POLYPLEUROS NOUS]: Miscellanea für Peter Schreiner zu seinem 60. Geburtstag [VERSATILE MIND: Miscellanea for Peter Schreiner for His 60th Birthday] (Byzantinisches Archiv[Byzantine Archive];19), Munich, Leipzig:K[laus] G[erhard] Saur,→ISBN, footnote 11,page166:

     It is worth noting that, contrary to Alexios who according to his daughter did not scruple to use any tricks to achieve his goal,Manuel [I Komnenos], as depicted by[John] Kinnamos, preferred "to win by war rather than bylist" […].

   • 2008, Jon B. Sherman,The Magician in Medieval German Literature (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation), Urbana, Champaign, Ill.:University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign,→OCLC:

     One man can accomplish withlist (magic), that which a thousand could not accomplish, regardless of how strong they were.

• SeeThesaurus:cunning

FromMiddle Englishlisten, fromOld Englishhlystan(“to listen”), fromhlyst(“hearing”), fromProto-West Germanic*hlusti, fromProto-Germanic*hlustiz(“hearing”).

list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelist)

1. (intransitive,poetic) Tolisten.
   • c.1606–1607 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act IV, scene iii],page359, column 1:

     2 [Soldier] Peace, what noiſe? / 1 [Soldier]Liſtliſt. / 2 Hearke. / 1 Music i' th' Ayre.

   • 1860–1861, “What of the Night?”, inFrank Moore, editor,The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, with Documents, Narratives, Illustrative Incidents, Poetry, etc., volume II, New York, N.Y.:G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam, […], published1862,→OCLC,page96, column 1:

     Welist to the trumpings that herald the storm, / To the roll of the drum, and the order to form!

   • 1865,Sophocles, “Philoctetes”, inE[dward] H[ayes] Plumptre, transl.,The Tragedies of Sophocles: A New Translation, with a Biographical Essay, volume II, London, New York, N.Y.: Alexander Strahan, publisher,→OCLC,page247, line1267:

     Be of good cheer, andlist to what I speak.

2. (transitive,poetic) Tolisten to.
   • c.1599–1602 (date written),William Shakespeare,The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London:[…]I[ames] R[oberts] forN[icholas] L[ing] […], published1604,→OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     Thenway what loſſe your honor may ſuſtaine / If with too credent eare youliſt his ſongs / Or looſe your hart, or your chaſt treaſure open / To hisvnmaſtred importunity.

FromMiddle Englishlisten,list,liste,leste,lesten(“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), fromOld Englishlystan,^[3] fromProto-West Germanic*lustijan, fromProto-Germanic*lustijaną, fromProto-Germanic*lustuz(“pleasure”).

The word is cognate withSaterland Frisianläste(“to wish for, desire, crave”),West Frisianlêste(“to like, desire”),Dutchlusten(“to appreciate, like; to lust”),Germanlüsten,gelüsten(“to desire, want, crave”),Danishlyste(“to desire, feel like, want”),Faroeselysta(“to desire”).

The noun sense is from the verb, or fromMiddle Englishlist,liste,lest,leste(“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived fromMiddle Englishlisten,list(verb).^[4]

list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelisted)

1. (transitive,archaic) Todesire,like, orwish (to do something).
   • c.1536-1542,Thomas Wyatt, “Yf in the world ther be more woo”, inEgerton MS 2711‎^[3],page63r:

     wholiſt tolyue yn quyetnes
     by me lett hym beware
     For I by highe dyſdayne
     ame made withoute redreſſe
     andvnkyndenes Alas hathe ſlayne
     my poore trew hart all comfortles

   • 1610–1611 (date written),William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, inMr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London:[…]Isaac Iaggard, andEd[ward] Blount, published1623,→OCLC,[Act III, scene ii],page12, column 2:

     If thoubeeſt a man, ſhew thy ſelfe in thy likeneſs. If thou beeſt adiuell, take't as thouliſt.

   • 1611,The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London:[…]Robert Barker, […],→OCLC,John3:8:

     The winde bloweth where itliſteth, and thou heareſt the ſound thereof, but canſt not tel whence it commeth, and whither it goeth: So is euery one that is borne of the Spirit.

   • 1678,John Bunyan,The Pilgrim’s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come: […], London:[…] Nath[aniel] Ponder […],→OCLC,page206:

     What! would you have us truſt to what Chriſt in his own perſon has done without us! This conceit would looſen the reines of our luſt, and tollerate us to live as weliſt: For what matter how we live, if we may be Juſtified by Chriſts perſonal righteouſneſs from all, when we believe it?

   • 1843 April,Thomas Carlyle, “Unworking Aristocracy”, inPast and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.:Charles C[offin] Little andJames Brown, published1843,→OCLC, book III (The Modern Worker),page177:

     Ye are as gods, that can create soil. Soil-creating gods there is no withstanding. They have the might to sell wheat at what price theylist; and the right, to all lengths, and famine-lengths,—if they be pitiless infernal gods!

   • 1881,Aeschylus, “Agamemnon”, inE[dmund] D[oidge] A[nderson] Morshead, transl.,The House of Atreus: Being The Agamemnon, Libation-bearers, and Furies of Æschylus. Translated into English Verse, London: Simpkin and Marshall, […]; Winchester, Hampshire: Warren and Son, […],→OCLC,pages65–66:

     Ye hold me as a woman, weak of will, / And strive to sway me: but my heart is stout, / Nor fears to speak its uttermost to you, / Albeit ye know its message. Praise or blame, / Even as yelist,—I reck not of your words.

   • 1959,Leo Strauss, “What is Political Philosophy?”, inWhat is Political Philosophy?: And Other Studies, Glencoe, Ill.:The Free Press,→OCLC,page51:

     License consists in doing what onelists; liberty consists in doing in the right manner the good only; and our knowledge of the good must come from a higher principle, from above.

   • 1994,John [Wyon] Burrow,The Historian: The Magazine for Members of the Historical Association, London:The Historical Association,→ISSN,→OCLC, page176, column 2:

     The spirit seemed to blow where itlisted among a historically motley collection of Catholic theologians, Puritan zealots and American squires.

2. (transitive,archaic) To bepleasing to.
   • 2016, Graydon Saunders, chapter 13, inSafely You Deliver:

     Might then I depart, and dwell aslisteth me, out of all the world?

list

1. (obsolete)Desire,inclination.
   • c.1603–1604 (date written),William Shakespeare,The Tragœdy of Othello, the Moore of Venice. […] (First Quarto), London:[…]N[icholas] O[kes] forThomas Walkley, […], published1622,→OCLC,[Act II, scene i],page24:

     I know too much: / I finde it, I; for when I haliſt to ſleepe, /Mary, before your Ladiſhip I grant, / She puts her tongue alittle in her heart, / And chides with thinking.

     I know, [she talks] too much: / I find that, when I havedesire to sleep. / Indeed, before your Ladyship I admit, / She keeps a little quiet, / And scolds me with her thoughts.

• listful
• listless

Uncertain;^[5] possibly fromtilting on lists injousts,^[6] or fromEtymology 4 in the sense ofinclining towards what onedesires.^[7]

list (plurallists)

1. (architecture) Atilt to abuilding.
2. (nautical) Acareening ortilting to oneside, usually notintentionally or under avessel's ownpower.[from early 17th c.]

list (third-person singular simple presentlists,present participlelisting,simple past and past participlelisted)

1. (transitive,nautical) To cause (something) totilt to oneside.[from early 17th c.]

   the steady windlisted the ship

2. (intransitive,nautical) To tilt to one side.[from early 17th c.]

   the shiplisted to port

   • 2000, Bob Foster,Birdum or Bust!, Henley Beach, SA: Seaview Press, page173:

     Even a small camber one way caused the whole outfit tolist alarmingly.

•  list (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• “list”, inWebster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.:G. & C. Merriam,1913,→OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney,Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “list”, inThe Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.:The Century Co.,→OCLC.
• “list”, inOneLook Dictionary Search.

• &lits,lits,silt,slit,tils

FromEnglishlist.

• Also pronounced asIPA^(key):/lɪs⁵⁵/

list

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese)list;enumeration orcompilation ofitems; thepaper ordocument of which the list iswritten orprinted on(Classifier:個／个c; 張／张c; 條／条c)

list

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) tolist; tocreate alist of items

Inherited fromOld Czechlist, fromProto-Slavic*listъ(“leaf”).

• IPA^(key):[ˈlɪst]

• Audio:

  (file)

list m inan (diminutivelístek)

1. leaf(green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
2. (archaic)letter(written message)

   Synonyms:dopis,psaní

3. sheet(sheet of paper)
4. newspaper

   Polskýlist Dziennik Gazeta Prawna nejdříve napsal, že polská hlava státu podepíše dokument ve středu. (iDNES)

5. certificate(document containing a certified statement)

   rodnýlist ―birthcertificate

   úmrtnílist ―deathcertificate

• doklad
• dokument

• “list”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
• “list”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
• “list”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz(“craft, art, guide”).

• IPA^(key):/ˈlesd/,[ˈle̝st]

list c (singular definitelisten,not used in plural form)

1. cunning,trick

list

1. imperative ofliste

• “list” inDen Danske Ordbog

FromMiddle Dutchlist, fromOld Dutchlist, fromProto-West Germanic*listi, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

• IPA^(key):/lɪst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:list
• Rhymes:-ɪst

list f (plurallisten,diminutivelistje n)

1. acunning plan, aruse, atrick

• listig

• Afrikaans:lis
• Negerhollands:list

• silt,stil

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

• IPA^(key):/lɪst/
• Rhymes:-ɪst
• Homophone:lyst

list f (genitive singularlistar, plurallistir)

1. art

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

• IPA^(key):/lɪst/
• Rhymes:-ɪst
• Homophone:lyst

list f (genitive singularlistar,nominative plurallistir)

1. art

   Þettaerekkilist!

   That'snotart!

2. skill

   Hann bjó til brúðkaupstertu af mikillilist

   he made a wedding tart with greatskill

• slit

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*listъ(“leaf”).

• IPA^(key):/list/,[lʲist]

list m inan (diminutivelistk)

1. leaf,foliage
2. letter(a written message)

FromOld Norselist.

list m orf (definite singularlistaorlisten)

1. cunning,craftiness,slyness
2. skirting board

list

1. imperative ofliste

• “list” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.

FromOld Norselist.

list f (definite singularlista)

1. cunning,craftiness,slyness

• “list” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ.

• IPA^(key):(13^th CE)/ˈlist/
• IPA^(key):(15^th CE)/ˈlist/

list m inan

1. leaf(part of a plant)
2. sheet;page(flat, thin piece of parchment n. other material intended for writing)
3. (biblical)phylactery(box with scrolls of Old Testament quotations, attached by Jews to the forehead n. to the forearm during prayer)
4. letter(written or printed communication)
5. (administration)letter;deed(administrative document authorizing something n. testifying to something)
6. (anatomy)uvula
7. letter(character of writing)
8. sheet,place;slice(long piece of i.e. metal)
9. (singular only)plates(protective clothing of the upper part of the torso)

• Czech:list

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “list”, inSlovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague:Česká grafická společnost "unie",Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

FromProto-West Germanic*listi. Cognate withOld Saxonlist,Dutchlist,Old High Germanlist (GermanList),Old Norselist (Swedishlist).

• IPA^(key):/list/

list m orf

1. art;cunning,guile,craft

Strongi-stem:

Strongō-stem:

• Middle English:liste
  • Scots:list
  • English:list

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key):(10^th–15^th CE)/lʲist/
• IPA^(key):(15^th CE)/lʲist/

list m inan (related adjectivelistowy)

1. (attested inLesser Poland,Greater Poland)leaf(part of a plant)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors,Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[4],Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages1, 4:

     A bødze (sc. mąż) iaco drzewo, iesz szczepono iest podlug czekøcych wod..., alist iego ne spadne (folium eius non defluet)

     [A będzie (sc. mąż) jako drzewo, jeż szczepiono jest podług ciekących wod..., alist jego nie spadnie (folium eius non defluet)]

   • 1930 [c.1455], “Gen”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[5],8, 11:

     Genze (sc. gołąbek) *szo zaszø wroczyl s olywowim zzelonimlistem w swich vszczyech (portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo)

     [Jenże (sc. gołąbek) się zasię wrocił s oliwowym z zielonymlistem w swych uściech (portans ramum olivae virentibus foliis in ore suo)]

   • 1930 [c.1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[6],23, 40:

     Weszmyecze sobye...lyst palmovi (spatulas palmarum) a rosgy z drzewa gøstich latorosly

     [Weźmiecie sobie...list palmowy (spatulas palmarum), a rozgi z drzewa gęstych latorośli]

   • 1878-1889 [1487],Archiwum Komisji Historycznej‎^[7], volume III,Greater Poland, page350:

     Te... stirpi Godzambą... aggregamus... In cuius signum... tibi... largimur tres pinus... in scuto seu campo flaueo, galea vero in inferiori partelisti supertecta

     [Te... stirpi Godzięba... aggregamus... In cuius signum... tibi... largimur tres pinus... in scuto seu campo flaueo, galea vero in inferiori partelisty supertecta]

2. (attested inLesser Poland,Silesia)letter(written correspondance)
   • Beginning of the 15th century,Łukasz z Wielkiego Koźmina,Kazania gnieźnieńskie‎^[8],Krakow, page184v:

     Svøthy Gan... do... opatha dalcy mu gest onlysth byl

     [Święty Jan... do... opata dałci mu jest onlist był]

   • 1449,Gałka Jędrzej z Dobczyna (Dobszyna), Pieśń o Wiklefie‎^[9],Głogówek, line58:

     Szwiąti Pawel zlista rzekl: Zabicz anticrista slowem Ihesu Krista

     [Święty Paweł zLista rzekł: Zabić Antykrysta słowem Jesu Krysta]

3. (law, attested inGreater Poland)legaldocument(something that establishes or confirms something)
   • 1959 [1390], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors,Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number79,Poznań:

     [J]akom przi tem bil, isz Micolay slubil milist [wro]czicz, isz gim sze zaluge

     [[J]akom przy tem był, iż Mikołaj ślubił milist [wro]cić, iż jim sie żałuje]

   • c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page136r:

     Tenor [obmya] obmavyanye Inde dicimus: Tenore presencium obmavyanym nynyeschychlystow vel podlvg vylozenya nynyeyschychlystow

   • c.1500,Wokabularz lubiński,Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page65r:

     Inclusiue computando a data presencium lato pyrzve y poslednye lyczacz od vydanya thego tholysthą

4. sheet(piece of paper)
   • 1930 [c.1455], “Tob”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor,Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[10],7, 16:

     Wszøw (sc. Raguel)lyst, podle tego tedi prawa vcziny zapys malzenski (accepta charta fecerunt conscriptionem coniugii)

     [Wziąw (sc. Raguel)list, podle tego tedy prawa uczyni zapis małżeński (accepta charta fecerunt conscriptionem coniugii)]

• Polish:list
• Silesian:list

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “list”, inSłownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie,→ISBN
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “list”, inJan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors,Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “list”, inPolski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności,→ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “list”, inEtymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “list”, inSłownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków:IJP PAN,→ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, Mariusz Frodyma, Katarzyna Jasińska, Magdalena Klapper, Dorota Kołodziej, Mariusz Leńczuk, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, editors (2023), “list”, inRozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków:Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Inherited fromProto-Slavic*lȋstъ. First attested in 1407.

list m inan

1. leaf(part of a plant)
2. scale;petal
3. sheet(rectangular piece of paper intended for writing)
4. letter(written message addressed to a person, office, institution)
5. (administration,law)officialdocument
6. sheet(material on which things are fixed)
7. thinplate orsheet(piece of i.e. metal)

• Pannonian Rusyn:лїст(ljist)
• Slovak:list

• Majtán, Milan et al., editors (1991–2008), “list”, inHistorický slovník slovenského jazyka [Historical Dictionary of the Slovak Language] (in Slovak), volumes 1–7 (A – Ž), Bratislava: VEDA,→OCLC

FromOld Norselist, fromProto-Germanic*listiz.

• IPA^(key):/list/

list f

1. skill,proficiency
2. art,craft
3. cunning,slyness
4. resort

• Swedish:list

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ist
• Syllabification:list
• Homophone:Liszt

Inherited fromOld Polishlist.Sense 3 wasdisplaced byliść.

list m inan (diminutiveliścik,related adjectivelistowy)

1. letter(written or printed communication)
2. letter(paper on which such a communication is written)
4. (obsolete)leaf(part of a plant)
5. (obsolete)petal;slice;plaque;layer(long, flat piece of something)
   1. (Middle Polish)sheet(long, flat piece of paper)
6. (obsolete, in theplural)leaves(pages of a book)
7. (obsolete)papertrackingfinancialinterest