kova

1. first-personsingularaorist ofkoj

FromProto-Finnic*kova.

• IPA^(key):/ˈkoʋɑ/,[ˈko̞ʋɑ̝]
• Rhymes:-oʋɑ
• Hyphenation^(key):ko‧va

kova (comparativekovempi,superlativekovin)

1. hard(of an object, resistant to pressure)

   Antonym:pehmeä

   1. strict,harsh,severe,unfriendly,hard,stern,brutal(of behavior or character)

      Synonym:ankara

      Antonyms:pehmeä,lempeä

   2. tough(rowdy or rough)

      Hän onkova kaveri.

      He is atough guy.

   3. tough,hard(demanding a lot of effort to endure)
   4. (physics, ferromagnetism)hard(of material: having the capability of being a permanent magnet)
   5. (of water)hard(high on dissolved calcium and other minerals)
   6. (phonetics)hard,unvoiced(pronounced without using the vocal cords)
   7. (of light)harsh,hard(intensive and creating disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading)
   8. (vulgar, of a man)hard,aroused;erect
2. strong,hard,heavy,severe(having a high impact or influence)

   Antonym:(e.g. of wind)heikko

   kova isku ―hard hit,hard blow

   kova tuuli ―strong wind

   Minulla onkova jano.

   I'mvery thirsty.

   1. loud(of sound: of great intensity)

      Synonyms:luja,kovaääninen,äänekäs

      Antonym:hiljainen

      Radio on liiankovalla.

      The radio is tooloud.

   2. live(of ammunition)

      Tappaja väitti, että hän ei tiennyt aseen olevan ladattukovilla panoksilla.

      The killer claimed that he didn't know that the weapon was loaded withlive rounds.

   3. (finance)unregulated,market-rate,unsubsidized,hard

      Synonyms:(unsubsidized)vapaarahoitteinen,(market-based)markkinaehtoinen

      kova valuutta ―hard currency(globally traded currency that is expected to serve as a reliable and stable store of value)

      kova raha ―unsubsidized financing(especially as opposite toaravalaina(“type of subsidized loan for social housing”))

   4. (pornography)hard,hardcore

      kova porno ―hardcore pornography

3. high,great,ambitious,remarkable [withillative ofthird infinitive(with verbs)]

   kova kysyntä ―great demand

   Pidän ilmapiiristä, mutta heidän hintansa ovat aikakovat.

   I like the atmosphere, but their prices are quitehigh.

   Heillä onkovat suunnitelmat - ensin valloitetaan Pohjoismaiden markkinat, sitten koko maailma.

   They haveambitious plans – first the Nordic market, then the whole world. / They haveambitious plans to first conquer the Nordic market and then the whole world.

   1. excellent,great,well-known

      Synonyms:erinomainen,mainio

      Alle kaksi tuntia onkova aika maratonilla.

      Less than two hours is anexcellent time on a marathon.

      Niin, mutta olenkinkovassa kunnossa. Olenkova nimi urheilupiireissä.

      Yes, but I'm in agreat shape. I'm awell-known name in the sports circles.

   2. eager,devoted

      Hän onkova kalamies.

      He's aneager fisherman.

      Hän onkova Kärppä-fani.

      He's adevoted fan of theKärpät.

   3. hard,hardworking

      Hän onkova työmies.

      He's ahard worker.

• “kova”, inKielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki:Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland),2004–, retrieved2023-07-02

• vako

From an otherwise unattested stem +-a(diminutive suffix).^[1]

• IPA^(key):[ˈkovɒ]
• Hyphenation:ko‧va
• Rhymes:-vɒ

kova (pluralkovák)

1. flint

• kova inGéza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.

FromProto-Finnic*kova. Cognates includeFinnishkova andEstoniankõva.

• (Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key):/ˈkoʋɑ/,[ˈko̞ʋɑ]
• (Soikkola)IPA^(key):/ˈkoʋɑ/,[ˈko̞ʋɑ]
• Rhymes:-oʋɑ
• Hyphenation:ko‧va

kova (comparativekovemp)

1. hard
   • 1936, D. I. Efimov,Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page12:

     A kalastajat - koko talvia merel ollaa, ja pakkaist kittäät, etti jäänkovanna pittää.

     And the fishermen - they are on the sea all winter, and thank the frost, that it keeps the icehard.

2. harsh
   • 18th century, “Kui tulloo syvä syksy [When late autumn comes]”:

     Kui tulloo syvä syksy,kova talvi tallajaa.

     When late autumn comes, theharsh winter sets in.

3. rough
4. strong,sturdy

• (antonym(s) of“hard”):pehmiä
• (antonym(s) of“harsh”):raju,valju,valjo
• (antonym(s) of“rough”):pehmiä

• V. I. Junus (1936)Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎^[2], Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page59
• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page199
• Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014)Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎^[3],→ISBN, page72

FromProto-Finnic*kova.

kova

1. hard

• IPA^(key):/ˈkova/

kova

1. fire

• Gunter Senft (1986),Kilivila: the Language of the Trobriand Islanders. Berlin • New York • Amsterdam:Mouton de Gruyter, p. 291.→ISBN

Fromkáuti +‎-a.

• (kovà)IPA^(key):[koːˈvɐ]
• (kõva)IPA^(key):[ˈkǒːvɐ]

kovà f (pluralkõvos)stress pattern 4^[1]

1. fight,struggle

Inherited fromProto-Balto-Slavic*kā́ˀwāˀ.

• IPA^(key):[ˈkôːvɐ]

kóva f (pluralkóvos)stress pattern 1^[2]

2. rook(Corvus frugilegus)

• “kova” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993),Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York:Hippocrene Books.→ISBN

FromProto-Finnic*kova.

kova

1. hard

Borrowed fromFinnishkova, from expressions likekovaraha(“hard money”).

kova c

1. (informal)money

Only as part of compounds and certain expressions.

• storkova

• kova inSvenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• kova inSvensk ordbok (SO)
• kova inSvenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

FromOttoman Turkishقوغه(koğa. kova), fromProto-Turkic*kobga. Cognate toSouthern Altaiкого(kogo).

• IPA^(key):[ˈkovɑ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:ko‧va

kova (definite accusativekovayı,pluralkovalar)

1. bucket

FromProto-Finnic*kova.

kova

1. hard(not soft)
2. solid
3. stiff,rigid
4. strong
5. strict,stern
6. harsh,severe

• Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “жёсткий,жестокий,ожесточённый,сильный,суровый,твёрдый,чёрствый”, inUz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎^[4], Petrozavodsk: Periodika