jptwtj
Egyptian
editEtymology
editSecondary dual form oftw, joining the (earlier?) formjptwj.
Pronunciation
edit- (modern Egyptological)IPA(key):/iptuːti/
- Conventional anglicization:iptuti
Determiner
edit
|
f duproximal, later vocativedemonstrative determiner
- (Old Egyptian)thesetwo
- (Middle Egyptian, archaizing)O(vocative reference)
Usage notes
editThis demonstrative takes the same functions asjptwj; see the usage notes there. As withjptwj, the full writing is only attested in archaizing Middle Egyptian texts, while Old Egyptian texts use spellings identical to the plural formjptwt.
Inflection
edit| determiners | pronouns1 | adverbs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | unmarked | |||||
| masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal to speaker | pn | tn | *jpnj | jptnj,jptntj | jpn | jptn | nn | — |
| distal | pf | tf | *jpfj | *jptfj,*jptftj | jpf | jptf | nf | — |
| proximal to spoken of | pj,pw,p | tj,tw | jpwj | jptwj,jptwtj | jpw | jptw,jptwt | nw | — |
| vocative | pꜣ | tꜣ | — | — | — | — | nꜣ | ꜥꜣ |
1 Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
| determiners and pronouns | adverbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural1 | |||
| masculine | feminine | |||
| proximal | pn | tn | nn | ꜥn |
| distal | pf,pfꜣ | tf,tfꜣ | nf,nfꜣ | ꜥf |
| ‘copula’ and vocative | pw,pwy | tw,twy | nw | — |
| anaphoric | pꜣ | tꜣ | nꜣ | ꜥꜣ |
1 Joined byn(j) to nouns they modify.
| masculine | feminine | plural | adverb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pronoun | pꜣw | dj | |||
| determiners and pronouns | pꜣj | tꜣj | nꜣj | ||
| possessive determiners1 | pꜣy | tꜣy | nꜣy | ||
| relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’) | p-n,pꜣ | t-nt,tꜣ | nꜣyw,nꜣ | ||
| definite articles | pꜣ | tꜣ | nꜣ2 | ||
| indefinite articles | wꜥ2 | nhꜣy2 | |||
1 Used with suffix pronouns.
2 Originally joined byn(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
Alternative forms
edit
References
edit- “jptwtj (lemma ID 851265)”, inThesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig,2004–26 July 2023
- Erman, Adolf,Grapow, Hermann (1926)Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag,→ISBN,page70.4
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962)A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute,→ISBN,page17
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964)Altägyptische Grammatik, volume 1, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum,§ 182 et seq., page 83 et seq.
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1929)The Plural and Dual in Old Egyptian, Bruxelles: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth,§ 62, pages63–64
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