ik

	subject		object		possessive			reflexive	genitive⁵
singular	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	full	unstr.	pred.
1st person	ik	'k¹	mij	me	mijn	m'n¹	mijne	me	mijner,mijns
2nd person	jij	je	jou	je	jouw	je	jouwe	je	jouwer,jouws
2nd person archaic orregiolectal	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer,uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u,zich⁷	uwer,uws
3rd person masculine	hij	ie¹	hem	'm¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner,zijns
3rd person feminine	zij	ze	haar	h'r¹,'r¹,d'r¹	haar	h'r¹,'r¹,d'r¹	hare	zich	harer,haars
3rd person neuter	het	't¹	het	't¹	zijn	z'n¹	zijne	zich	zijner,zijns
plural
1st person	wij	we	ons	–	ons,onze²	–	onze	ons	onzer,onzes
2nd person	jullie	je	jullie	je	jullie	je	–	je	–
2nd person archaic orregiolectal⁶	gij	ge	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u	uwer,uws
2nd person formal	u	–	u	–	uw	–	uwe	u,zich⁷	uwer,uws
3rd person	zij	ze	hen³,hun⁴	ze	hun	–	hunne	zich	hunner,huns
¹⁾ Not as common in written language. ²⁾ Inflected as anadjective. ³⁾ Inprescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). ⁴⁾ Inprescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). ⁵⁾ Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. ⁶⁾ To differentiate from the singulargij,gelle (object formelle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms aregijlieden andgijlui ("you people").				⁷⁾Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronounu, e.g.Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronounu is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g.U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Onlyu can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g.Meld u aan! 'Log in!', whereu is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, bothu andzich are equally possible, e.g.U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Afrikaans:ek
Berbice Creole Dutch:eke
Jersey Dutch:äk
Petjo:ik
Skepi Creole Dutch:ek

References

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^Friedrich Kluge (1989) “ik”, inElmar Seebold, editor,Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter,→ISBN

German Low German

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Alternative forms

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(enclitic)-'k,'k
(Waldeckisch, when strongly emphasised; scientific spelling) ikə

ick
(as alternative form ofick, enclitic)'ck
(as alternative form ofick, when strongly emphasised, rare)icke

(Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area)ek,eck
(Low Prussian)öck,eck

Etymology

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FromMiddle Low Germanik, fromOld Saxonik, fromProto-Germanic*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ɪk/

Pronoun

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(most northern and western dialects)I(first person singular pronoun)
Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed toJulius Caesar.)

Declension

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In Störmede:^[1]

		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	2nd person	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Singular	Nominative	ik	diu	hoi	soi	iät
	(Genitive)	(van meune)	(van deune)	(van seune)	(van iähre)	(van seune)
	Dative	meu	deu	iähne	iähr	iähne
	Accusative	meu	deu	iähne	soi	iät
Plural	Nominative	weu	jeu	soi
	(Genitive)	(van use)	(van jiue)	(van iähre)
	Dative	us	jiu	iähnen
	Accusative	us	jiu	soi

Related terms

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mien(“my, mine”,possessive);mi(“me”,dative (also generally used in place of the accusative));mik;wi pl(“we”)
Sauerländisch:mey,mik
Paderbornisch:mey/my,mik;plural:wey/wy

References

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^Franz Kemper:Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18

Gothic

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Romanization

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Romanization of𐌹𐌺

Iberian

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	A user has added this entry torequests for verification⁽⁺⁾
	If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove`{{rfv}}` until the request has been resolved.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unknown. Potentially can be related toBasquehi(“you”)

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ɪk/

Pronoun

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my (firt person singular possesive)
teŕ ke kin eŕ tinik u
A powerful achievement to completemy aspirations
self
baŕ kar baŕ kaik e
Outstanding authority, the result of outstandingself-control
own
lokaŕik ge etan
within reach through (her)own effort

References

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Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Kaqchikel

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Noun

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Kiautschou German Pidgin

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Pronoun

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I(first person singular pronoun)

Latvian

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Adverb

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every

Marshallese

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Noun

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Alternative spelling ofek

Middle English

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Etymology

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FromOld Englishic, perhaps with influence fromOld Norseek; both fromProto-Germanic*ik,*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂(“I”).

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ik/

Pronoun

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(chiefly Northern dialectal)Alternative form ofI
- circa1300, Homilies:
  Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing thatik haf in hert, [...]
  (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
- circa1300, Cursor Mundi:
  Herik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þatik entend, [...]
  (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)
- circa1390, Chaucer:
  Butik am oold me list not pleye for age.
  (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Descendants

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Scots:ik

Middle Low German

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromOld Saxonik

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ɪk/,/ik/

Pronoun

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I(first person singular nominative)

Declension

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Middle Low German personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik (ek)	mî (mê,mik,mek)		mîn (mîner)
	2nd person		dû	dî (dê,dik,dek)		dîn (dîner)
	3rd person	m	hê (hî,hie)	ēne,en (ȫne,ȫn)	ēme,em (ȫme,en)	sîn (sîner)
		n	it (et)		ēme,em (ȫme,en)	sîn (sîner)
		f	sê (sî,sie,sü̂)		ēre,ēr (ērer,ȫrer)
plural	1st person		wî (wê,wie)	uns (ûs,ös,ü̂sik)		unser (ûser)
	2nd person		gî (jê,î)	jû (jûwe,û,jük,gik)		jûwer (ûwer)
	3rd person		sê (sî,sie)		em,öm,jüm (en,ēnen,ȫnen)	ēre,ēr (ērer,ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in bracketssee here.

Descendants

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Low German:ik
- German Low German:ik,ek
  Low Prussian:eck,öck

Mokilese

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Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ˈik/

Noun

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tail

Inflection

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Possessive forms ofik (tight inalienable possession, -i stem)
singular possessor	first person	ikihoa
	second person	ikimwen
	third person	ikin
dual possessors	first person inclusive	ikisa
	first person exclusive	ikima
	second person	ikimwa
	third person	ikira
plural possessors	first person inclusive	ikisai
	first person exclusive	ikimai
	second person	ikimwai
	third person	ikirai
remote plural possessors	first person inclusive	ikihs
	first person exclusive	ikimi
	second person	ikimwi
	third person	ikihr
construct form		ikin

North Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianik, fromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek,*ik, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

CompareDutchik,German Low Germanik,Germanich,EnglishI,Danishjeg.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ɪk/

Pronoun

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ik(Föhr-Amrum,Mooring,Sylt)

I(first-person singular personal pronoun)

Alternative forms

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'k(reduced form)

Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
	personal		possessive
	subject case	object case	masculine referent	feminine / neuter referent	plural referent
full	reduced	full	reduced	attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi	man	min	minen
2nd	dü	–	di	dan	din	dinen
3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin	sinen
f or n	hat	at,'t	at,'t
plural	1st	wi	'f	üs	üüs	üüsen
üsens
2nd	jam	'm	jam	jau	jauen
jamens
3rd	jo	's	jo	's	hör	hören
hörens

Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
	personal		possessive
	subject case	object case	masculine referent	feminine / neuter / plural referent
full	reduced	full	reduced
singular	1st	ik	'k	me	man	min
2nd	dü	–	de	dan	din
3rd	m	hi	'r	ham	'n	san	sin
f	jü	's	har	's	harn	har
n	hat	et,'t	ham	et,'t	san	sin
plural	1st	we	üs	üüsen	üüs
2nd	jam	'm	jam	jarnge
3rd	ja	's	ja,jam	's	jare

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
	personal		possessive
	subject case	object case	singular referent	plural referent
full	reduced	full	reduced	attributive	independent
singular	1st	ik	'k	mi	min	minen
2nd	dü	–	di	din	dinen
3rd	m	hi	'r	höm	'n	sin	sinen
f	jü	's	höör	's	höör	höören
n	hat	et,'t	höm	et,'t	sin	sinen

dual	1st	wat	unk	unk	unken
2nd	at	junk	junk	junken
3rd	jat	jam	's	jaar	jaaren

plural	1st	wü	üüs	üüs	üüsen
2nd	i	juu	juu	juuen
3rd	ja	's	jam	's	jaar	jaaren

Old Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ik.

Pronoun

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I
- c. 900CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen[The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]:
  In ne kēre antsceine thīn fan cnapin thīnin wandaic gewītenot wirthon sniumo gihōri mī
  And hide not thy face from thy servant; forI am in trouble: hear me speedily. (Psalms 69:17;KJV)

Declension

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Old Dutch personal pronouns

1st person	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ik,ic,ih	wī,wīr
Accusative	mī,mik,*mic	uns,unsig
Genitive	mīn	unsa,*unser
Dative	mī	uns,unsig
2nd person	Singular	Plural
Nominative	thu,tu	gī,ir
Accusative	thī,thik,*thic	iu,
Genitive	thīn	iuwa,*iuwer
Dative	thī	iu

3rd person	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	hē,hie	sia	it
Accusative	imo	sia	it
Genitive	sīn,is	iro	is
Dative	imo	iro	imo
		Plural
Nominative		sia,sie (masc. plur.)
Accusative		sia,sie (masc. plur.)
Genitive		iro
Dative		im

Descendants

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Middle Dutch:ic,icke
- Dutch:ik,ick,ikke
  - Afrikaans:ek
  - Berbice Creole Dutch:eke
  - Jersey Dutch:äk
  - Petjo:ik
  - Skepi Creole Dutch:ek

Old Frisian

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek,*ik, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

CompareOld Englishiċ,Old Saxonik,Old Dutchik,Old High Germanih,Old Norseek,Gothic𐌹𐌺(ik).

Pronoun

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ik (accusativemī,genitivemīn,dativemī)

Declension

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Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hī	hine	him	sīn
		f	hiū,hiō	hiā	hire,hiāre	hire,hiāre
		n	hit	hit	him	sīn
plural	1st person		wī	ūs	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		jī	jū,jō	jū,jō	jūwer
	3rd person		hiā	hiā	him,hirem,hiārem	hira,hiāra

Descendants

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North Frisian:ick,ik
Saterland Frisian:iek
West Frisian:ik

Old Saxon

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

CompareOld Dutchik,Old Frisianik,Old Englishiċ,Old High Germanih,Old Norseek,Gothic𐌹𐌺(ik).

Pronoun

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I
- 9th c.Heliand, verse 1977
  ...thene williuek eft ōgean far [ōgun godes],...
  ...I want to show him again in front of God's eyes...

Declension

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Old Saxon personal pronouns
			nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
singular	1st person		ik	mī,me,mik	mī	mīn
	2nd person		thū	thī,thik	thī	thīn
	3rd person	m	hē	ina	imu	is
		f	siu	sia	iru	ira
		n	it		it	is

dual	1st person		wit	unk		unkero,unka
dual	2nd person		git	ink		inker,inka

plural	1st person		wī,we	ūs,unsik	ūs	ūser
	2nd person		gī,ge	eu,iu,iuu		euwar,iuwer,iuwar,iuwero,iuwera
	3rd person	m	sia		im	iro
		f	sia
		n	siu

Descendants

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Middle Low German:ik,ek
- Low German:ik,ick
  - German Low German:ik,ick

Pass Valley Yali

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Noun

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water

References

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Christiaan Fahner,The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157

Pwaamèi

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Etymology

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FromProto-Oceanic*kutu, fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kutu, fromProto-Austronesian*kuCu.

Noun

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louse

References

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Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman,Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999),page 52

Salar

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Etymology

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FromProto-Turkic*īk. Cognate withAzerbaijaniiy,Turkishiğ,Turkmenīk.

Pronunciation

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(Shixiang, Xunhua, Qinghai)IPA^(key):[ix]

Noun

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spindle

References

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Potanin, G.N. (1893) “их”, inТангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian),page427

Tobian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Austronesian*Sikan.

Noun

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Fish

Alternative forms

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Vandalic

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	A user has added this entry torequests for verification⁽⁺⁾ with the reason: “source is unreliable (e.g. copies from Wiktionary) and the example they give ("Sei, ik ist teudanz iminis ia teudanz teudani"), isn't found with google”
	If it cannot be verified that this term meets ourattestation criteria, it will be deleted. Feel free to edit this entry as normal, but do not remove`{{rfv}}` until the request has been resolved.

Etymology

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FromProto-Germanic*ek

Pronoun

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References

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https://glosbe.com/en/xvn/I

Wastek

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Noun

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wind

References

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wordlist

West Frisian

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Etymology

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FromOld Frisianik, fromProto-West Germanic*ik, fromProto-Germanic*ek,*ik, fromProto-Indo-European*éǵh₂.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key):/ɪk/
(unstressed)IPA^(key):/k/

Pronoun

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I(first person singular nominative pronoun)

Inflection

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West Frisian personal pronouns and possessives
			personal			possessive
			subject case	object case		determiner	pronoun
			subject case	normal	reflexive	determiner	pronoun
singular	1st		ik	my	mysels	myn	mines
	2nd	informal	do,dû¹	dy	dysels	dyn	dines
	2nd	formal	jo	jo	josels	jo	jowes
	3rd	m	hy	him	himsels	syn	sines
		f	sy,hja¹	har	harsels	har	harres
		n	it	it	himsels	syn	sines
plural	1st		wy	ús	ússels	ús	uzes
	2nd		jim(me)	jim(me)	jimsels,jinsels	jim(me)	jimmes
	3rd		sy,hja¹	har(ren)	harsels	har(ren)	harres

¹ Now mostly archaic and unused.

Woiwurrung

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Determiner

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First-person singular possessive determiner. SeeAppendix:Possessive#English.
1. liwikik.^[1]
2. wurrungik.^[1]

References

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↑^1.0^1.1https://culturalcommons.edu.au/wurrungik-dhumbunjan-i-speak-my-language/

Zealandic

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Pronoun

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=ik&oldid=84489606"

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ik

Translingual

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Afrikaans

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Albanian

Verb

Angguruk Yali

Noun

References

Bergish

Alternative forms

Pronoun

Further reading

Danish

Adverb

Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

German Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Related terms

See also

References

Gothic

Romanization

Iberian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

References

Kaqchikel

Noun

Kiautschou German Pidgin

Pronoun

Latvian

Adverb

Marshallese

Noun

Middle English

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Descendants

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Declension

Descendants

Mokilese

Pronunciation

Noun

Inflection

North Frisian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Pronoun

Alternative forms

See also

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

Etymology