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Wiktionary

heikko

Finnish

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Etymology

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Unknown. Related toIngrianheikko and probablyVepsheikembāńe(weaker)(South Veps), although such a word is barely attested.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈhei̯kːo/,[ˈhe̞i̯kːo̞]
  • Rhymes:-eikːo
  • Syllabification(key):heik‧ko
  • Hyphenation(key):heik‧ko

Adjective

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heikko (comparativeheikompi,superlativeheikoin)

  1. weak,delicate(unable to sustain a great weight, pressure, or strain)
    Synonyms:hatara,hauras
    Antonyms:vahva,tukeva,luja,vankka
  2. weak,feeble,frail,faint(lacking in force, strength or ability)
    Antonyms:vahva,luja
  3. weak,slight,meager(lacking in taste, potency or severity)
    Antonyms:vahva,luja,kova
  4. weak(unable to withstand temptation, urgency, persuasion, etc.)
    Antonyms:vahva,luja
  5. weak,frail,infirm(not in good health)
    Antonyms:vahva,terve
  6. weak(lacking in vigour or expression)
    Antonyms:vahva,tuikea
  7. faint(barely perceptible)
    Antonyms:luja,vahva,kova
  8. poor,bad(of low or poor quality)
    Synonyms:huono,kehno,surkea
    Antonyms:hyvä,hieno
  9. meagre,scant,deficient, oflittlemeans,slender
    Synonyms:vähäinen,niukka
    Antonym:runsas
  10. light,slight,gentle(not forceful or intense)
    Synonyms:kevyt,vähäinen
    Antonyms:rankka,raskas,luja,kova,vahva
  11. (chemistry)weak(that does not ionize completely into anions and cations in a solution)
    Antonym:vahva
  12. (grammar)weak(lenis, of a grade in consonant gradation)
    Antonym:vahva
  13. (grammar)weak(inflecting in a different and usually more regular manner than the one called strong, such as Germanic verbs)
    Antonym:vahva

Declension

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Inflection ofheikko (Kotus type 1*A/valo,kk-k gradation)
nominativeheikkoheikot
genitiveheikonheikkojen
partitiveheikkoaheikkoja
illativeheikkoonheikkoihin
singularplural
nominativeheikkoheikot
accusativenom.heikkoheikot
gen.heikon
genitiveheikonheikkojen
partitiveheikkoaheikkoja
inessiveheikossaheikoissa
elativeheikostaheikoista
illativeheikkoonheikkoihin
adessiveheikollaheikoilla
ablativeheikoltaheikoilta
allativeheikolleheikoille
essiveheikkonaheikkoina
translativeheikoksiheikoiksi
abessiveheikottaheikoitta
instructiveheikoin
comitativeheikkoine
Possessive forms ofheikko(Kotus type 1*A/valo,kk-k gradation)
Rare. Only used withsubstantive adjectives.
first-person singular possessor
singularplural
nominativeheikkoniheikkoni
accusativenom.heikkoniheikkoni
gen.heikkoni
genitiveheikkoniheikkojeni
partitiveheikkoaniheikkojani
inessiveheikossaniheikoissani
elativeheikostaniheikoistani
illativeheikkooniheikkoihini
adessiveheikollaniheikoillani
ablativeheikoltaniheikoiltani
allativeheikolleniheikoilleni
essiveheikkonaniheikkoinani
translativeheikokseniheikoikseni
abessiveheikottaniheikoittani
instructive
comitativeheikkoineni
second-person singular possessor
singularplural
nominativeheikkosiheikkosi
accusativenom.heikkosiheikkosi
gen.heikkosi
genitiveheikkosiheikkojesi
partitiveheikkoasiheikkojasi
inessiveheikossasiheikoissasi
elativeheikostasiheikoistasi
illativeheikkoosiheikkoihisi
adessiveheikollasiheikoillasi
ablativeheikoltasiheikoiltasi
allativeheikollesiheikoillesi
essiveheikkonasiheikkoinasi
translativeheikoksesiheikoiksesi
abessiveheikottasiheikoittasi
instructive
comitativeheikkoinesi

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. 1.01.1Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000),Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words]‎[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society,→ISBN
  2. ^Björklöf, Sofia, Jantunen, Santra (2020) “Mutual contacts and lexical relations among the Finnic varieties of western Ingria and northeastern Estonia”, inMultilingual Finnic — Language contact and change (Uralica Helsingiensia;14)‎[2] (overall work in English), Société Finno-Ougrienne,→ISBN,→OCLC, pages123–124

Further reading

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Ingrian

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Etymology

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FromProto-Finnic[Term?]. Cognates includeFinnishheikko andKarelianheikko.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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heikko (comparativeheikomp)

  1. weak

Declension

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Declension ofheikko (type 4/koivu, kk-k gradation)
singularplural
nominativeheikkoheikot
genitiveheikonheikkoin,heikkoloin
partitiveheikkoaheikkoja,heikkoloja
illativeheikkooheikkoi,heikkoloihe
inessiveheikoosheikois,heikkolois
elativeheikostheikoist,heikkoloist
allativeheikolleheikoille,heikkoloille
adessiveheikoolheikoil,heikkoloil
ablativeheikoltheikoilt,heikkoloilt
translativeheikoksheikoiks,heikkoloiks
essiveheikkonna,heikkoonheikkoinna,heikkoloinna,heikkoin,heikkoloin
exessive1)heikkontheikkoint,heikkoloint
1) obsolete
*) theaccusative corresponds with either thegenitive (sg) ornominative (pl)
**) thecomitative is formed by adding the suffix
-ka? or-kä? to thegenitive.

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971)Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page54
  • Arvo Laanest (1997)Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page34

Karelian

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Regional variants ofheikko
North Karelian
(Viena)
heikko
South Karelian
(Tver)
heikko

Etymology

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Borrowed fromFinnishheikko.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈhei̯kːo/
  • Hyphenation:heik‧ko

Adjective

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heikko (genitiveheikon,partitiveheikkuo)

  1. (North Karelian ordialectal)weak

Noun

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heikko (genitiveheikon,partitivehekkuo)

  1. (South Karelian)bad luck

Declension

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Viena Karelian declension of heikko (type 1/tyttö, kk-k gradation)
singularplural
nominativeheikkoheikot
genitiveheikonheikkojen
partitiveheikkuoheikkoja
illativeheikkohheikkoloih
inessiveheikoššaheikkoloissa
elativeheikoštaheikkoloista
adessiveheikollaheikkoloilla
ablativeheikoltaheikkoloilta
translativeheikokšiheikkoloiksi
essiveheikkonaheikkoloina
comitativeheikkoloineh
abessiveheikottaheikkoloitta
Tver Karelian declension of heikko (type 1/tyttö kk-k gradation)
singularplural
nominativeheikkoheikot
genitiveheikonheikkoloin
partitiveheikkuoheikkoloida
illativeheikkohheikkoloih
inessiveheikoššaheikkoloissa
elativeheikoštaheikkoloista
adessiveheikollaheikkoloilla
ablativeheikoldaheikkoloilda
translativeheikokšiheikkoloiksi
essiveheikkonaheikkoloina
comitativeheikonkeheikkoloinke
abessiveheikottaheikkoloitta
Possessive forms ofheikko
1st personheikkoni
2nd personheikkoš
3rd personheikkoh
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used insubstantivised clauses.

References

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  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “heikko”, inСловарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)],→ISBN
  • P. Zaykov, L. Rugoyeva (1999) “heikko”, inКарельско-Русский словарь (Северно-Карельские диалекты) [Karelian-Russian dictionary (North Karelian dialects)], Petrozavodsk,→ISBN

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