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Wiktionary

ham

Languages (37)

Contents

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
A baked ham (cured thigh of hog)

Etymology 1

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishhamme, fromOld Englishhamm(“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), fromProto-West Germanic*hammu, fromProto-Germanic*hamō,*hammō,*hanmō, fromProto-Indo-European*kónh₂m(“leg”).

Cognate withDutchham(“ham”), dialectalGermanHamme(“hind part of the knee, ham”), dialectalSwedishham(“the hind part of the knee”),Icelandichöm(“the ham or haunch of a horse”),Old Irishcnáim(“bone”),Ancient Greekκνήμη(knḗmē,“shinbone”). Comparegammon andgam.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham (countable anduncountable,pluralhams)

  2. (anatomy) The region back of thekneejoint; thepopliteal space; thehock.
  4. (countable) Athigh and/orbuttock of ahog slaughtered for meat;(occasionally) the corresponding cut from some other animal.
    Hypernyms:cut;meat <food
  6. (uncountable) Meat from the thigh and/or buttock of ahog cured for food.
    Hypernyms:meat <food
    a little piece ofham for the cat
    • 2012, Audra Lilly Griffeth,A King's Daughter,→ISBN:
      She put someham in the beans and cut up some sweet potatoes to boil.
  8. The back of the thigh of humans or certain other animals.
  9. (Internet,informal,uncommon)Electronic mail that is wanted;email that is notspam orjunk mail.
    Synonym:ham e-mail
    Antonyms:spam,junk mail
Derived terms
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Translations
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thigh of a hog cured for food
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions atWiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromMiddle Englishham, fromOld Englishhām.

Noun

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ham (uncountable)

  2. Obsolete form ofhome.
Usage notes
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  • Persists in many old place names, such asBuckingham.
Related terms
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References

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Etymology 3

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Uncertain, though it is generally agreed upon that it first appeared in print around the 1880s. At least four theories persist:

  • It came naturally from the wordamateur. Deemed likely by Hendrickson (1997), but then the question would be why it took so long to pop up. He rejects the folk etymology of Cockney slanghamateur because it originated in American English.[1]
  • From the playHamlet, where the title character was often played poorly and/or in an exaggerated manner. Also deemed likely by Hendrickson, though he raises the issue that the term would have likely been around earlier if this were case.
  • From the minstrel's practice of using ham fat to remove heavy black makeup used during performances.[2]
  • Shortened fromhamfatter(“inferior actor”), said to derive from the 1863 minstrel show songThe Ham-fat Man.[3] William and Mary Morris (1988) argue that it's not known whether the song inspired the term or the term inspired the song, but that they believe the latter is the case.

Noun

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ham (pluralhams)

  1. (acting) Anoveracting oramateurishperformer; anactor with an especiallyshowy orexaggerated style.
    Synonyms:hambone,hamfatter,overactor,tear-cat
    • 2023 June 13,Dwight Garner, quotingJames Wood, “Cormac McCarthy, Novelist of a Darker America, Is Dead at 89”, inThe New York Times‎[1],→ISSN:
      Writing in The New Yorker in 2005, James Wood praised Mr. McCarthy as “a colossally gifted writer” and “one of the greathams of American prose, who delights in producing a histrionic rhetoric that brilliantly ventriloquizes the King James Bible, Shakespearean and Jacobean tragedy, Melville, Conrad, and Faulkner.”
  2. (radio) Anamateurradiooperator.
    Synonym:radio amateur
Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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ham (third-person singular simple presenthams,present participlehamming,simple past and past participlehammed)

  1. (acting) Tooveract; to act withexaggerated emotions.
    Synonyms:ham it up,chew the scenery,melodramatize,overact,tear a cat
    Near-synonym:camp it up
Translations
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See also
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See also

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References

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  1. ^Hendrickson, Robert (1997)The Facts on File encyclopedia of word and phrase origins, New York: Facts on File,→ISBN
  2. ^Morris, William (1988)Morris dictionary of word and phrase origins, New York: Harper & Row,→ISBN
  3. ^Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “ham”, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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Inherited fromDutchham, fromMiddle Dutchhamme, fromOld Dutch[Term?], fromProto-Germanic*hammō, fromProto-Indo-European*kónh₂m(“leg”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham (pluralhamme,diminutivehammetjie)

  1. ham(cured pork from the thigh of a swine)

Caribbean Hindustani

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Etymology

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Cognate withHindiहम(ham,“we”).

Pronoun

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ham

  1. I

References

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  • Beknopt Nederland-Sarnami Woordenboek met Sarnami Hindoestani-Nederlanse Woordenlijst‎[2] (in Dutch), Paramaribo: Instituut voor Taalwetenschap,2002

Catalan

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CatalanWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipediaca

Etymology

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Derived fromLatinhamus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham m (pluralhams)

  1. fishhook

Derived terms

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Further reading

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Cebuano

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Etymology

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Derived fromEnglishham, fromMiddle Englishhamme, fromOld Englishhamm(“inner or hind part of the knee, ham”), fromProto-Germanic*hamō,*hammō,*hanmō, fromProto-Indo-European*kónh₂m(“leg”).

Noun

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ham

  1. ham(meat from the thigh of ahog cured for food)

Chamorro

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*kami, fromProto-Austronesian*kami. Cognates includeIndonesiankami andTagalogkami.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. we,us (exclusive)

Usage notes

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See also

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Chamorro personal pronouns
singularplural inclusiveplural exclusive
hu-type pronouns
1st personhutain
2nd personunen
3rd personhama
yoʼ-type pronouns
1st personyoʼhitham
2nd personhaohamyo
3rd persongueʼsiha
emphatic pronouns
1st personguahuhitahami
2nd personhaguhamyo
3rd personguiyasiha

References

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  • Donald M. Topping (1973)Chamorro Reference Grammar‎[3], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Chinese

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Etymology

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(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ham

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese,slang,euphemistic) todie

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of死 (“to die”)[map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese死,亡,歿,卒
Formal(Written Standard Chinese)死,死亡,亡故,喪生,喪命,去世 †,過世 †,逝世 †,離世 †,下世 †,不在 †,過去 †,仙逝 †,歸天 †,歸西 †,升天 †,作古 †,長眠 †,閉眼 †,故去 †, ‡,故世 †, ‡,一命嗚呼,謝世,離開人間
Northeastern MandarinBeijing死,撂,撂條,故去 †,吹燈 †,吹燈拔蠟 †,吹臺 †,老 †, ‡,踹腿 ¤,踹腿兒 ¤,踹 ¤,回姥姥家 ¤,彎回去 †,毛兒提 Hui
Taiwan死,過世 †
Harbin死,老 †, ‡,伸腿兒 ¤,伸腿 ¤,蹬腿兒 ¤,奔兒咕 ¤,桿兒屁 §,桿兒細 §,吹燈拔蠟
Singapore死,死掉,死翹翹,過世 †,去世 †,上天堂 †,賣鹹鴨蛋 †
Jilu MandarinJinan死,歿,過去 †,老 †, ‡,不在 †, ‡,王八 §,完蛋,完錢,完活,無常 Hui,歸主 Hui,歸真 Hui
Jiaoliao MandarinYantai(Muping)死,老 †, ‡,上西天 §
Central Plains MandarinLuoyang死,過去,過世,下世,亡故,不在,升天,去世 †,老 †, ‡,擱那兒 ¤
Wanrong死,歿,老 †, ‡
Xi'an死,不在 †,老 †, ‡,無常 Hui
Xining歿
Lanyin MandarinYinchuan死,走 †,歿 Hui,歸真 Hui,冒提 Hui,口喚 Hui,無常 Hui,完 Hui
Lanzhou死,過世 †,緩下 †,躺下 †
Ürümqi死,過世 †,不在 †
Southwestern MandarinChengdu死,過去 †,不在 †,去 †,過世 †,老 †, ‡,撬桿兒 §,撬桿 §,翹辮子 §,見馬克思,歸天,去陰國,爬高煙囪,落氣,冰凊,沒脈
Wuhan死,過身 †,去 †,老 †, ‡,去回 ¤,翹辮子 ¤,翹 ¤,瓜碼子 ¤,瓜 ¤,西皮
Guiyang死,過世 †,成神 †, ‡,百年歸天 †, ‡,嗚呼 ¤
Guilin死
Liuzhou死,沒得脈,過世 †,過身 †,沒在 †,哦嚄
Jianghuai MandarinNanjing死,過世 †,歸天 †, ‡,不在 †,嗝兒得 ¤,翹辮子 ¤
Yangzhou死,不在 †,走 †,家去吃去 ¤,家去 ¤,翹辮子 ¤,翹 ¤,駝條 §
Hefei死,不在 †,老 †
CantoneseGuangzhou死,過身 †,過世 †,老 †, ‡,百年歸老 †, ‡,去別有天 †, ¤,去大煙筒 †, ¤,瓜 ¤,瓜老襯 ¤,收檔 ¤,攞竇 ¤,進竇 §,瓜竇,直,瓜直,死直,攤直,雙腳撐直,伸直腳,拉柴,瓜柴,褸席,歸西,歸天,食黃泥,入黃泥窿,入窿,玩完,嫌米貴,瞇埋眼,一 argot,唔食廣東米
Hong Kong死,過身 †,走 †,香 †,去 †,唔喺度 †,百年歸老 †,賣鹹鴨蛋 †,兩腳一伸 †,仙遊 †,拜拜 †,去閻羅王處報到 †,瓜 ¤,瓜老襯 ¤,拉柴,瓜柴,釘蓋,釘,直,歸西,玩完,ham
Hong Kong(San Tin; Weitou)過身
Hong Kong(Kam Tin; Weitou)過身
Hong Kong(Ting Kok)過身,死
Hong Kong(Tung Ping Chau)過身
Macau過身,去
Guangzhou(Panyu)過身,死
Guangzhou(Huashan, Huadu)死
Guangzhou(Conghua)過身,死
Guangzhou(Zengcheng)去歸,過身
Foshan過身,死
Foshan(Shatou, Nanhai)死,過身
Foshan(Shunde)過身
Foshan(Sanshui)過身
Foshan(Mingcheng, Gaoming)死
Zhongshan(Shiqi)過身
Zhuhai(Qianshan, Xiangzhou)死
Zhuhai(Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)過身,死
Zhuhai(Doumen)死,過身
Jiangmen(Baisha)過身,死
Jiangmen(Xinhui)死,過身
Taishan死,善,去
Kaiping(Chikan)死,登仙
Enping(Niujiang)過身,死
Heshan(Yayao)死
Dongguan死,老 †,去返 †,去舊時嗰處 †,視埋眼 †,伸直腳 †,入罌 †,拉柴 §,去大煙筒 §
Shenzhen(Shajing, Bao'an)死,過身
Yangjiang死,過輩 †,老 †, ‡,老大 †, ‡
Singapore(Guangfu)死,過身 †
GanNanchang死,過世 †,老 †
Lichuan死
Pingxiang死,過 †,走路 †,老 †, ‡,去
HakkaMeixian死,老,過身 †,消 †,老壽 †, ‡
Huizhou(Huicheng; Bendihua)過身,香 †
Dongguan(Qingxi)過身,死
Shenzhen(Shatoujiao)死,過身
Zhongshan(Nanlang Heshui)死
Guangzhou(Lütian, Conghua)死,過身
Yudu死,過世 †,過套 †,過身 †,轉去 †,轉該背 †,歸仙 †,轉老外婆裡 ¤
Miaoli(N. Sixian)死,消,過身 †,往生 †,上神桌 †,轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Pingtung(Neipu; S. Sixian)死,消,過身 †,往生 †,上神桌 †,轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Hsinchu County(Zhudong; Hailu)死,消,過身 †,往生 †,上神桌 †,轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Taichung(Dongshi; Dabu)死,消,過身 †,往生 †,上神桌 †,轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Hsinchu County(Qionglin; Raoping)死,消,過身 †,往生 †,上神桌 †,轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Miaoli(Zhuolan; Raoping)消
Yunlin(Lunbei; Zhao'an)死,過身 †,上神桌 †,轉長山賣鴨卵 †
Hong Kong過身,老
HuizhouJixi死,過世 †,過輩 †,過身 †,不在 †,過老 §,過邊 §,進棺材 §,進風水 §,翹扁 §, ¤
JinTaiyuan死,沒啦 †,走 †,過去 †,老 †, ‡,老客 †, ‡
Xinzhou死,回老家 †,硬 §,㞗朝天 of a man, vulgar,倒蕎麥皮
Northern MinJian'ou死,過身 †,老 †, ‡
Eastern MinFuzhou死,過去 †,過世 †,過後 †,歸西 †,百歲 †,老去 †, ‡,堯街去 ¤,堯生去 ¤,溜翹 ¤,殂 ¤,去算米數 ¤,去外媽食齋 ¤,去外媽 ¤,去䁐廬山 ¤,去厝去 ¤,睏長暝眠 ¤,翹齋 ¤,揭兜去 ¤,拔直去 ¤,上天去 ¤,生去 ¤,𣪟去 ¤,䁐松柏樹 ¤,䁐松柏 ¤,轉祖 §
Southern MinXiamen死,過身 †,過氣 †,百歲 †,百年 †,百歲年老 †,行去 †,無去 †,㾀 †,去塗州賣鴨卵 †,老去 †, ‡,老咯 †, ‡,蟯 ¤,蟯歹 ¤,蟯癱 ¤,行雞 ¤,馬滴 §
Quanzhou死,過身 †,過氣 †,百歲 †,百年 †,無去 †,去塗州賣鴨卵 †,老去 †, ‡,老咯 †, ‡,行雞 ¤,馬滴 §
Yongchun死,過身 †,老去 †
Zhangzhou死,過身 †,過氣 †,百歲 †,百年 †,百歲年老 †,行去 †,無去 †,起身 †,去塗州賣鴨卵 †,老去 †, ‡,老咯 †, ‡,蟯 ¤,蟯歹 ¤,蟯癱 ¤,行雞 ¤,誆牽 §,㾀 §,㾀歹 §,馬滴 §
Taipei死去,老 †,過身 †
New Taipei(Sanxia)死去,老去 †,往生 †,過身 †
Kaohsiung死去,老去 †,行去 †,往生 †,無佇咧 †,過身 †,轉去 †
Yilan死去,老去 †,往生 †,無佇咧 †,過身 †,過往 †
Changhua(Lukang)死去,老 †,無去 †,過身 †,轉去 †
Taichung死去,往生 †,過身 †
Tainan死去,老去 †,行去 †,往生 †,無佇咧 †,過身 †,轉去 †,去塗州賣鴨卵 †,去蘇州賣鴨卵 †,轉去塗州賣鴨卵 †,轉去蘇州賣鴨卵 †
Hsinchu曲去,去咯 †,往生 †,過身 †,老去 †
Kinmen死去,往生 †,過身 †,行去 †
Penghu(Magong)死去,往生 †,過身 †,老去 †
Singapore(Hokkien)死,馬滴,死翹翹,過身 †,百年 †,百歲 †,過氣 †,起車 †,老去 †,老咯 †,行去 †,蟯去 †,吭跤翹 †,交登記 †
Manila(Hokkien)死,死去,過面 †,過身 †,老去 †
Chaozhou死,過身 †,過世 †
Jieyang過身,吭跤翹,吭翹
Singapore(Teochew)死,過身
Leizhou死,過世 †,過輩 †,過目焗 ¤,直筒 §,刮薯減米 §
Haikou死,過層 †, ‡,老 †, ‡,貓使 §
Singapore(Hainanese)死
Zhongshan MinZhongshan(Longdu, Shaxi)死
Southern PinghuaNanning(Tingzi)死,瓜老襯,過世,歸西
WuShanghai死,故 †,過世 †,嘸沒 †,一腳去 †,翹辮子 §, ¤,彈老三 §,翹老三 §
Shanghai(Chongming)死,老 †,故 †,翹辮子 ¤
Suzhou死,壞,去,過世 †,翹辮子 §
Danyang死
Hangzhou死,故 †,過世 †,翹辮兒 ¤,到龍駒塢去
Ningbo死,翹辮子 §,過世 †,嘸沒 †,死脫 §,燂茶,山裡去,吃豆腐羹,嘸沒來的 †,老 †
Wenzhou死,冇 †,過輩 †, ‡,蹻 ¤
Jinhua死,過世 †,過輩 †,弗在 †,老 †, ‡
XiangChangsha死,過 †,去 †,瓜,彈,彈四郎
Loudi死,過世 †,故 †,上岸 †
Shuangfeng死,過世 †,故 †
Hengyang死
Note† - euphemistic; ‡ - usually of the elderly; ¤ - humorous; § - derogatory/disrespectful

Czech

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):[ˈɦam]
  • Hyphenation:ham

Interjection

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ham

  1. nom(indicating the action of eating)

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “ham”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
  • “ham”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989
  • “ham”, inInternetová jazyková příručka (in Czech),2008–2025

Danish

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Norsehamr,Proto-Germanic*hamaz,*hamô.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ˈhɑmˀ/,[ˈhɑ̈mˀ]

Noun

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ham c (singular definitehammen,plural indefinitehamme)

  1. slough,skin
Declension
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Declension ofham
common
gender		singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativehamhammenhammehammene
genitivehamshammenshammeshammenes
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Olderhannem, fromOld Norsehǫnum, the dative ofhann(“he”). CompareSwedishhonom.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. (personal)him:objective ofhan

See also

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Danish personal pronouns
NumberPersonTypeNominativeObliquePossessive
commonneuterplural
SingularFirst–jegmigminmitmine
Secondmodern /informaldudigdinditdine
formal (uncommon)DeDemDeres
Thirdmasculine (person)hanhamhans
feminine (person)hunhendehendes
common (noun)dendens
neuter (noun)detdets
indefinitemanenens
reflexive–sigsinsitsine
PluralFirstmodernviosvores
archaic /formalvorvortvore
Second–Ijerjeres
Third–dedemderes
reflexive–sig

Dutch

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Etymology

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Inherited fromMiddle Dutchhamme, fromOld Dutch*hama, fromProto-Germanic*hammō, fromProto-Indo-European*kónh₂m(“leg”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham f (pluralhammen,diminutivehammetje n)

  1. ham(cured pork from the thigh of a swine)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • → Papiamentu:ham

Fiji Hindi

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Etymology

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Derived fromHindiहम(ham,“we, I”).

Pronoun

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ham

  1. I (1st person singular personal pronoun)
    Ham khelegaa!
    I will play!

Fyer

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Etymology

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Cognate withGerkaram(“water”).

Noun

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ham

  1. water

References

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  • Roger Blench,Ron Comparative Wordlist
  • Takács, Gábor (2007)Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill,→ISBN, page201,→ISBN:
    […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
    (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]:[…] Ron *ham [GT]: Fyer & Bks. & DB & Sha ham, Klr. ˀaàm[…]
  • Václav Blažek,A Lexicostatistical comparison of Omotic languages, inIn Hot Pursuit of Language in Prehistory: Essays in the four fields of anthropology, page 122

Galician

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Verb

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ham

  1. (reintegrationist norm)third-personpluralpresentindicative ofhaver

German

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ham

  1. (colloquial)Contraction ofhaben;pronunciation spelling ofhaben.
    Wirhamgrad gefrühstückt. ―We've just had breakfast.
    • 2017 April 25, Martin Thoma, “Zeitlos hässlich”, inDie Tageszeitung: taz‎[5],→ISSN:
      Außerdem ist es ein bisschen obszön und spekuliert auf Empörung: Die kleinen Leuteham kein Geld und die Mode-Fuzzis geben 2.000 Euro für einen Ikea-Beutel aus!
      (pleaseadd an English translation of this quotation)

Usage notes

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Usually used in the present or to form the perfect, though it may be seen in the infinitive as well. See also the note athaben.

See also

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Irish

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham m

  1. h-prothesized form ofam

Laz

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. Latin spelling ofჰამ(ham)

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Englishham,hamm(“enclosure”), fromProto-West Germanic*hamm, fromProto-Germanic*hammaz.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham (pluralhammes)

  1. Anenclosedpasture.

References

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Etymology 2

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Noun

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ham (pluralhames)

  1. Alternative form ofhamme(“back of the knee”)

Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. Alternative form ofhem(“them”)

Etymology 4

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Inherited fromOld Englishheom

Pronoun

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ham

  1. (Early Middle English)Alternative form ofhem(“them”)
    • c1225,Þe Liflade ant te Passiun of Seinte Iuliene, ed. S. T. R. O. d'Ardenne, pp. 3-71.
      [Juliana] custeham coss os peis [Roy: acos of pes] alle as ha stoden.

Etymology 5

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham (pluralhamenorhames)

  2. (Early Middle English, Northern)Alternative form ofhom(“home”)

Middle French

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Noun

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ham m (pluralhams)

  1. village

Montol

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Etymology

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Cognate withMwaghavulam(“water”).

Noun

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hàm

  1. water

References

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  • Takács, Gábor (2007)Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill,→ISBN, page201,→ISBN:
    […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
    (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]:[…] Tal hàm [Jng./JI], Mnt. hàm "Wasser" [Jng. 1965, 171],[…]

North Frisian

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. (Föhr-Amrum,Mooring)Object case ofhi:him,himself
  2. (Föhr-Amrum,Mooring)Object case ofhat:it,(in practice chiefly)itself
  3. (Föhr-Amrum)Object case ofhat:her,herself

Alternative forms

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See also

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Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casemasculine referentfeminine / neuter referentplural referent
fullreducedfullreducedattributiveindependent
singular1stik'kmimanminminen
2nddü–didandindinen
3rdmhi'rham'nsansinsinen
f ornhatat,'tat,'t
plural1stwi'füsüüsüüsen
üsens
2ndjam'mjamjaujauen
jamens
3rdjo'sjo'shörhören
hörens
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • Dual formswat / onk andjat / jonk are obsolete, as is femininejü / hör.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
  • The formsüsens,jamens,hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casemasculine
referent		feminine / neuter / plural
referent
fullreducedfullreduced
singular1stik'kmemanmin
2nddü–dedandin
3rdmhi'rham'nsansin
fjü'shar'sharnhar
nhatet,'thamet,'tsansin
plural1stweüsüüsenüüs
2ndjam'mjamjarnge
3rdja'sja,jam'sjare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions.Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / unk andjat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromOld Norsehann.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. him

See also

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    Personal pronouns inBokmål
NumberPersonTypeNominativeObliquePossessive
femininemasculineneuterplural
SingularFirst–jegmegmiminmittmine
Secondgeneraldudegdidindittdine
formal (rare)DeDemDeres
Thirdfeminine (person)hunhennehennes
masculine (person)hanham /hanhans
feminine (noun)dendens
masculine (noun)
neuter (noun)detdets
reflexive–segsisinsittsine
PluralFirst–viossvårvårtvåre
Secondgeneralderederes
formal (very rare)DeDemDeres
Thirdgeneraldedemderes
reflexive–segsisinsittsine

Etymology 2

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Inherited fromOld Norsehamr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham m (definite singularhammen,indefinite pluralhammer,definite pluralhammene)

  1. skin orslough(discarded skin of certain animals)
Derived terms
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References

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Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology

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Derived fromOld Norsehamr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham m (definite singularhamen,indefinite pluralhamar,definite pluralhamane)

  1. skin orslough(discarded skin of certain animals)

Derived terms

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References

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Old English

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Etymology 1

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Inherited fromProto-West Germanic*haim, fromProto-Germanic*haimaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hām m

  1. home
    • The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
      Ōsrēd, þe wæs Norþanhymbra cining, æfter wræcsīþehām cumenum ġelǣht wæs ⁊ ofslagen on XVIII Kƚ Octoƀ ⁊ his līc liġþ æt Tīnamūþe. ⁊ Æþelrēd cining feng tō nīwan wīfe, sēo wæs Ælflēd ġehāten, on III Kƚ Octobr̃.
      Osred, who was king of Northumbrian, was apprehended and slain on the 17th of October after cominghome from his exile, and his body lies at Tynemouth. And King Aethelred took a new wife, whose name was Aelfled, on the third of October.
    • c. 992,Ælfric,"The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
      Ða het se apostol ða bære settan, and cwæð, "Min Drihten, Hælend Crist! Arære ðe, Drusiana; aris, and ġecyrrhām, and gearca ús gereordunge on þinum hūse." Drusiana þa arás swilce of slæpe awreht, and, carfull be ðæs apostoles hæse,hām gewende.
      Then the apostle bade them set down the bier, and said, "My Lord, Jesus Christ! Raise thee, Drusiana; arise, and returnhome, and prepare refection for us in thy house." Drusiana then arose as if from sleep awakened, and, mindful of the apostle's command, returnedhome.
  2. property,estate,farm
    • late 10th century,Ælfric,"Saint Maur, Abbot"
      ...and forġeaf sumnehām tō þǣre hālgan stōwe...
      ...and gave certainproperty to the holy place...
  3. village;community
Usage notes
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  • In early Old English, the dative singular was alwayshām, not the expected formhāme.
Declension
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Strong a-stem:

Derived terms
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Adverb

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hām

  1. home,homeward
    hām gān ―to gohome
    hām cuman ―to comehome
    hām ċierran ―to turnhome
    hām bringan ―to bringhome

Descendants

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Etymology 2

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Inherited fromProto-Germanic*hammaz. Cognate withOld Frisianham,Middle Low Germanhamme (LowLow GermanHamm).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham m

  1. Alternative form ofhamm(“enclosure”)

Etymology 3

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Inherited fromProto-Germanic*hammō.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham f

  1. Alternative form ofhamm(“inner knee”)

Etymology 4

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Inherited fromProto-West Germanic*ham, fromProto-Germanic*hamaz(“covering”). Cognate withOld Norsehamr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ham m

  1. covering
  2. garment,dress,gown;shirt
Declension
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Stronga-stem:

Related terms
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Old French

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromFrankish*haim(“home, village”).

Noun

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hamoblique singular, m (oblique pluralhans,nominative singularhans,nominative pluralham)

  1. village

Descendants

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Old Frisian

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Ēn hām.

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited fromProto-West Germanic*haim. Cognates includeOld Englishhām andOld Saxonhēm.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hām m

  1. home

Descendants

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References

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  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009)An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company,→ISBN, page28

Old Norse

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Noun

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ham

  1. accusative/dativesingular ofhamr

Rohingya

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Noun

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ham

  1. work

Derived terms

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Romanian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed fromHungarianhám.

Noun

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ham n (pluralhamuri)

  1. harness
Declension
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Declension ofham
singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominative-accusativehamhamulhamurihamurile
genitive-dativehamhamuluihamurihamurilor
vocativehamulehamurilor
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

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ham!

  1. woof(the sound a barking dog makes)

See also

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Ron

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Etymology

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Cognate withGerkaram(“water”).

Noun

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ham

  1. (mostdialects, including Mangar, Bokkos, Daffo-Butura, Shagawu)water

Synonyms

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References

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  • Roger Blench,Ron Comparative Wordlist
  • Takács, Gábor (2007)Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill,→ISBN, page201,→ISBN:
    […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
    (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]:[…] Ron *ham [GT]: Fyer & Bks. & DB & Sha ham, Klr. ˀaàm[…]

Serbo-Croatian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromHungarianhám.

Noun

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hȃm m (Cyrillic spellingха̑м)

  1. harness

Sha

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Etymology

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Cognate withGerkaram(“water”).

Noun

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ham

  1. water

References

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Tal

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Etymology

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Cognate withMwaghavulam(“water”).

Noun

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hàm

  1. water

References

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  • Takács, Gábor (2007)Etymological Dictionary of Egyptian, volume 3, Leiden: Brill,→ISBN, page201,→ISBN:
    […] we should carefully distinguish the following Ch. roots from AA *m-ˀ "water" [GT]:
    (1) Ch. *h-m "water" [GT]: WCh. *hama [Stl.]: AS *ham (Gmy. *hām) [GT 2004, 153] = *am [Stl. 1977] = *ham [Dlg.] = *ham [Stl. 1987]:[…] Tal hàm [Jng./JI], Mnt. hàm "Wasser" [Jng. 1965, 171],[…]

Tambas

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Etymology

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Cognate withGerkaram(“water”).

Noun

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ham

  1. water

References

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Turkish

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Etymology

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Derived fromPersianخام(xâm).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ham

  1. raw,unripe

Vietnamese

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Etymology

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Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to tham? The shift of aspirated stops to /h/ is attested, but only in certain very frequently used words, which I don't think "to be greedy" can be considered one of.”

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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ham• (𫺧,𫻎)

  1. greedy
    ham chơi
    (disapproving) to be obsessed withfooling around
  2. eager;keen

Derived terms

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See also

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West Frisian

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Etymology

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Ultimately fromProto-Germanic*hammō.Thisetymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

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ham c (pluralhammen,diminutivehamke)

  1. ham

Further reading

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  • “ham (II)”, inWurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch),2011

Yola

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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FromMiddle Englishhim, hem, fromOld Englishhim.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ham

  1. him
    • 1867,GLOSSARY OF THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY:
      Ich droweham.
      I throwhim.

Derived terms

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References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor,A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published1867,page36
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