est

1. (international standards)ISO 639-2 &ISO 639-3language code forEstonian.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Estonian terms

• IPA^(key):/ɛst/
• Rhymes:-ɛst

FromMiddle Englisheste, fromOld Englishēst(“will, consent, favour”), fromProto-West Germanic*ansti, fromProto-Germanic*anstiz(“favour, affection”), fromProto-Indo-European*ān-(“to notice; face, mouth”) or from*h₃neh₂-(“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”).

Cognate withIcelandicást(“affection, love”),Dutchgunst(“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”),GermanGunst(“favour, goodwill, boon”),Danishyndest(“favour”),Swedishynnest(“favour, indulgence, grace”).

• este

est (usuallyuncountable,pluralests)

1. (obsolete)Grace;favour.

• est.

est (notcomparable)

1. Abbreviation ofestablished.

   Acme Manufacturing Inc.,est 1952

   • 2010, Julie Turjoman,Brave New Knits, page49:

     Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing asest to cable marker

• re-est

• EST,Est

est

1. Initialism ofErhard Seminars Training, acourse intended to promotesatisfaction withlife in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

• tes,Tse,StE,set,TSE,Set,seṭ,ETS,STE,tse,ETs,TEs,Ste,Ste.,SET

• hiu,escu

estfirst-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicativeesti,past participlefute)

1. tobe

Borrowed fromFrenchest, fromOld Englishēast.

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈest]

• Audio:

  (file)

est m (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms:orient,llevant

   a l'est del país

   in theeast of the country

compass points:punts cardinals: ^[edit]

• “est” inDiccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició,Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “est”, inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2025
• “est” inDiccionari normatiu valencià,Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “est” inDiccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

FromEnglisheast.

est m

1. east

• howldrehevel
• howldrevel

• gorlewin
• howlsedhes
• west

• north-est(“north-east”)
• soth-est(“south-east”)

• IPA^(key):/ˈɛst/
• Hyphenation:est

est m(uncountable)

1. Alternative form ofeste

• “este, est” inINFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

FromOld Norseest, fromProto-Germanic*izi, with addition of-t from thepreterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back toProto-Indo-European*h₁ési, cognate withLatines,Ancient Greekεἶ(eî),Sanskritअसि(ási).

• IPA^(key):[ˈɛsd̥]

est

1. (archaic)presenttensesecond-personsingular ofvære(“(thou) art”)
   • 1812,Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page19:

     Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog duest ej tilstede: ...

     Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thouart not present: ...

   • 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND,Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page152:

     Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Duest vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!

     I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thouart become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

FromOld Norsehestr, fromProto-Germanic*hanhistaz, an alternative form of*hangistaz. CompareDanishhest.

• IPA^(key):/esːt/

2=-

est m

1. horse

stem=strong ''a''-stem

Inherited fromOld French, fromOld Englishēast.

• IPA^(key):/ɛst/
• Rhymes:-ɛst

est (invariable)

1. east

est m (uncountable)

1. east

• Grand Est
• heure normale de l’est

• → Asturian:este
• → Catalan:est
• → Corsican:este,est
• → Galician:leste
• → Italian:est
• → Occitan:èst
• → Portuguese:este,→leste
• → Romanian:est
• → Spanish:este

• orient,levant

Inherited fromMiddle Frenchest, fromOld Frenchest, fromLatinest, fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti. Next toJésus-Christ, it is the only word in which silent internals remains in modern French spelling. The expected formêt existed, but did not establish itself, in contrast toêtre andêtes. Possible reasons are the sheer frequency ofest, its exact agreement with the Latin form, and the fact that it was usually unstressed and thus shortened.

• IPA^(key):/ɛ/,(in liaison)/ɛ.t‿/ ~/e.t‿/
• Homophones:aie,aies,aient,ais,ait,es(general),haie,haies,hais,hait(aspirated)

est

1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofêtre

• êt(obsolete)

• c’est

• “est”, inTrésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language],2012.

• set,Ste.,tes

From thees- stem of the verbesik(“to fall”) +‎-t(noun-forming suffix).^[1][2][3] See more ateste.

• IPA^(key):[ˈɛʃt]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɛʃt

est (pluralestek)

1. (archaic)evening,eve

   Synonym:este

2. (literary, by extension)recital,show in the evening(compareFrenchsoirée(“evening activity, party”, literally“evening”))

   műsorosest ―anevening with entertainment

• est inGéza Bárczi,László Országh,et al., editors,A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.Fifth ed., 1992:→ISBN.
• est inNóra Ittzés, editor,A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031(work in progress; publisheda–ez as of 2024).

Borrowed fromFrenchest, fromOld Englishēast.

• IPA^(key):/ˈɛst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɛst
• Hyphenation:èst

est m (invariable)

1. east

   Synonyms:oriente,levante

compass points (Germanic-origin):punti cardinali: ^[edit]

• 'ste,set

FromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti.

Cognate withSanskritअस्ति(ásti),Ancient Greekἐστί(estí),Old Persian𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎡𐎹(a-s-t-i-y/⁠astiy⁠/),Hittite𒂊𒌍𒍣(ēszi),Old Church Slavonicѥстъ(jestŭ),Gothic𐌹𐍃𐍄(ist).

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/ˈest/,[ˈɛs̠t̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/ˈest/,[ˈɛst̪]

est

1. third-personsingularpresentactiveindicative ofsum

   Marcus agricolaest. ―"Marcusis a farmer."

   Est senex. ―"He is old."

   Est puella in vīllā. ―"There is a girl in the villa."

• For quotations using this term, seeCitations:est.

FromProto-Indo-European*h₁édti; form of the verbedō(“I eat”). Cognate withRussianесть(jestʹ),Latvianēst,Old Church Slavonicꙗсти(jasti).

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/ˈeːst/,[ˈeːs̠t̪]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/ˈest/,[ˈɛst̪]

ēst

1. third-personsingularpresentactiveindicative ofedō
   • 29BCE – 19BCE,Virgil,Aeneid4.66–67:

     Ēst mollis flamma medullās
     intereā, et tacitum vīvit sub pectore vulnus.

     A soft flameconsumes her [Dido's] bonemarrow
     meanwhile, as a quiet wound lives in her chest.

• edit

• “est”, inCharlton T. Lewis (1891)An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

est m (please provide plural)

1. east(cardinal point)

• æst,este,eest,east,easte

FromOld Englishēast, in turn fromProto-West Germanic*austr.

• IPA^(key):/ɛːst/

est

1. east,easternness
2. A location to the south; the south
3. TheOrient

• (compass point):north,south,west

• esturne
• estward

• English:east
  • → Cornish:est
• Scots:aist,eist

• “ēst,n.”, inMED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.:University of Michigan,2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

est

1. To the east,eastwards,eastbound
2. From the east,eastern
3. In the east

• English:east
• Scots:aist,eist

est

1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofestre

• êt(continental Normandy)
• êst(Jersey)

FromOld French, fromOld Englishēast.

est m (uncountable)

1. (Guernsey,Sark)east

• ǣst

FromProto-West Germanic*ansti, fromProto-Germanic*anstiz(“grace, thanks”), derivative ofProto-Germanic*unnaną(“to grant, thank”), fromProto-Indo-European*ān-(“to notice; face, mouth”).

Cognate withOld Saxonanst(“grace, favour”),Old High Germananst(“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”),Gothic𐌰𐌽𐍃𐍄𐍃(ansts,“joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related toOld Englishunnan(“to grant, allow”). More atown.

• IPA^(key):/eːst/

ēst m orf (nominative pluralēste)

1. consent,grace,favor;kindness
2. pleasure

• Masculine

Strongi-stem:

• Feminine

Strongi-stem:

• ār,āre

• Middle English:este
  • English:est,este(obsolete)

• ẽ

est

1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofestre

est

1. second-personsingularpresentactiveindicative ofvera

Borrowed fromFrenchest, fromOld Englishēast.

est n (uncountable)

1. east

   Synonyms:orient,răsărit

compass points (French/Germanic origin):puncte cardinale: ^[edit]

• est inDEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

FromLatinest, ultimately fromProto-Indo-European*h₁ésti.

• IPA^(key):/ˈest/

est

1. third-personsingularpresentindicative ofèssere

• aest

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key):/eːst/,/øst/

est (uncountable)

1. (Orkney)envy

est (third-person singular simple presentests,present participleestan,simple pastested,past participleested)

1. (Orkney) Toenvy.

• “est,n. and v.”, inThe Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh:Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present,→OCLC.

• Audio:

  (file)

est c

1. Estonian; a person from Estonia

• estländsk
• estniska
• estnisk

• Set,set,tes

• (North Wales)IPA^(key):/ɛsd/,[ɛst]
• (South Wales)IPA^(key):/eːsd/,[eːst],/ɛsd/,[ɛst]
• Rhymes:-ɛsd

est

1. second-personsingularpreteritecolloquial ofmynd

• aethost(literary)