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ci

Languages (34)
English
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Page categories

Contents

English

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EnglishWikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed fromMandarin詞／词 (cí).

Noun

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ci (uncountable)

  1. One of theClassical Chinese poetry forms

Anagrams

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Aka (Central Africa)

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Noun

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ci

  1. water

Further reading

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  • Marvin Lionel Bender,Topics in Nilo-Saharan linguistics (1989) (cí, cì)
  • [1] (ɕi)

Balinese

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Romanization

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ci

  1. Romanization ofᬘᬶ

Bambara

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Etymology 1

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Noun

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cí

  1. thatch, especially of the speciesDiheteropogon grandiflorus

Etymology 2

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Noun

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cí

  1. commission,errand
  2. message,order
  3. mission,task,assignment
    ò cí bɛ́ í kàn
    it is your duty
  4. work,labor (especially agricultural)
    cí kɛ́
    to work in the fields
  5. usefulness,utility
    cí tɛ́ nìn ná
    that's useless

Verb

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cí

  1. tosend,charge with a mission
    sɛ́bɛn cí mɔ̀gɔ mà
    to send a letter to someone

Etymology 3

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Verb

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cì

  1. tohit
    fíyɛn bɛ́ cì
    the wind is blowing
    fàli cì
    to hit an donkey
  2. tobreak
    à y'á kùn cì
    He knocked him unconscious
  3. todestroy
  4. tosplit,divide,cut
    dɔ́gɔ cì
    to split wood
  5. toburst,explode with a loud noise
    màrifa cì
    to fire off a round (with a gun)
  6. totrace,tattoo
    bála cì
    to plot an area of a field to be hoed
    tùgu cì
    to vaccinate in the arm

Noun

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cì

  1. line,stroke
  2. tattoo

Corsican

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Etymology

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Ultimately from eitherLatinhīc(“here”) orhinc(“from here”). Akin toItalianci; see there for more. CompareSiciliancci.

Adverb

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ci

  1. there

Pronoun

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ci

  1. us(both direct and indirect object)

See also

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Corsican personal pronouns
nominativedativeaccusativedisjunctive
singular1st personeiumimè
2nd persontùtitè
3rd personmelluliu,l'ellu
fellaa,l'ella
plural1st personnoicinoi
2nd personvoivivoi
3rd personmellilii,l'elli
fellee,l'elle

References

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Dalmatian

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Etymology

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FromLatinquem. ComparePortuguesequem,Romaniancine,Spanishquien,Romanschche,Sardinianchíne.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ci

  1. who

Dhimal

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Noun

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ci

  1. water

Further reading

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  • John T. King,A Grammar of Dhimal

Esperanto

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Etymology

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FromItalian orFrenchtu,Russianты(ty), etc., plus thei of personal pronouns.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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ci (accusativecin,possessivecia)

  1. (rare)thou,you(second-person informal singular pronoun)
    • 1905,Ludoviko Lazaro Zamenhof,Fundamento de Esperanto:
      Mi legas. — Ci skribas (anstataŭ “ci” oni uzas ordinare “vi”).
      I read. — Thou writest (instead of “ci” one ordinarily uses “vi”.)
    • 1899, Felikso Zamenhof,(Please provide the book title or journal name):
      Ekamis la konato / Kaj reciproke ŝi; / Post paso de monato / Ŝanĝiĝis »Vi« per »ci«.
      Her acquaintance fell in love / and reciprocally she; / after the passage of a month / "You" changed into "thee".
    • 1907,Henri Vallienne,Kastelo de Prelongo,ch. 6:
      Cia sintenado estos vere fiera, li moke murmuretis en ŝian orelon, kiamci estos vekinta la tutan loĝantaron.
      Thine attitude shall be truly proud, he mockingly whispered into her ear, whenthou shalt have awakened the whole population.

Usage notes

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Some people believe that this word was used in the past and then became archaic, but this is not true. Actually, this word has never been in common usage; Zamenhof advised against using 'ci' as early as theDua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia, published in 1888. Many Esperantists don't even understand it. Some authors have used 'ci' to portray archaic language, for translations, and for stylistic effects. This usage is criticized by other writers.

  • Ludwig L. Zamenhof,Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia; Ludwig L. Zamenhof,Lingvaj Respondoj; Bertilo Wennergren,Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko (PMEG); Bernard Golden,La Gazeto #11, June 15, 1987; Zlatko Tisjlar,Frekvencmorfemaro de Parolata Esperanto.

See also

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Esperanto personal pronouns
 singularplural
nominativeaccusativepossessivenominativeaccusativepossessive
first person mi min mia ni nin nia
second
person		formal vi vin via vi vin via
familiar1 ci cin cia
third
person		masculine li lin lia
feminine ŝi ŝin ŝia
neuter ĝi ĝin ĝia
gender-neutral2 ri
ŝli		 rin
ŝlin		 ria
ŝlia
reflexive si sin sia si sin sia
indefinite oni onin onia oni onin onia

1 The second person familiar pronouns are archaic.

2 The proposed gender-neutral third-person singular pronounsri (rin,ria) andŝli (ŝlin,ŝlia) are not widely used.

3 The proposed third-person feminine plural pronouniŝi (iŝin,iŝia) is not widely used.

French

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Etymology

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Inherited fromLate Latinecce hīc.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ci

  1. (in compounds, elsearchaic)Alternative form ofici(“here”)
  2. (after a noun)see-ci

Derived terms

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References

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Hausa

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Etymology

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FromProto-Chadic, ultimately fromProto-Afroasiatic*taʔ-(“to eat, especially something soft, to close lips, especially loosely”). CompareAkkadian𒋫𒀪𒌑(ta-ʔu-u2/⁠ta'u⁠/,“to eat”),Mehritewō(“eat”),Arabicتَأْتَأَ(taʔtaʔa,“to stammer, to stutter, to reduplicate sounds, to mumble or move lips”), and with varying Berber formsTamahaqⵜⵜ(tǝtt),Tarifitⵜⵜ(tǝtt),Central Atlas Tamazightⵜⵛ(tc), andKabyleteṭṭ (pharyngeal-coloring found as well in the Arabic variantتَعْتَعَ(taʕtaʕa), and in that sense possible further connections toطَعِمَ(ṭaʕima,“to taste”) andعَضَّ(ʕaḍḍa,“to bite”)).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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ci (grade Ø)

  1. toeat, toeat soft things

Ido

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Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ci

  1. Alternative form ofici(“these”)

Pronoun

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ci

  1. Alternative form ofici(“these”)

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromXiamen Hokkien錢／钱 (chîⁿ, “mace”).

Noun

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ci (pluralci-ci)

  1. (obsolete) weight unit 1/10 tahil (for opium)

Etymology 2

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FromSundaneseci, perhaps derived fromProto-Malayo-Polynesian*wahiʀ.

Noun

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ci (countable anduncountable,pluralci-ci)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass), specifically, those located inBanten,West Java, and far-westernCentral Java
    Synonyms:sungai,kali

Etymology 3

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Noun

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ci (pluralci-ci)

  1. alternative form ofencik
  2. alternative form oftaci(“elder sister”)

Further reading

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Interlingua

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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ci

  1. here(at this place)

Italian

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Etymology 1

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FromLatincē(the name of the letterC).

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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ci f (invariable)

  1. The name of theLatin-script letterC/c.;cee
See also
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References

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  1. ^ci inLuciano Canepari,Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Further reading

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  • ci2 in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 2

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Uncertain. Rohlfs[1] and Von Wartburg[2] favoured/favored Late Latinecce hīc. Maiden[3] casts doubt on this etymology, pointing out that Italianci is an unstressed 'weak' form, while Latinhic otherwise survives in Italian only in stressed forms (reinforced by Latinecce oreccum) such asciò,qua, andqui. (It should also be noted that all of the latter trigger syntactic doubling in a following word, thanks to their original final /k/, whileci does not.)[4] Maiden proposes instead an origin in Latinhince, variant ofhinc(“hence, from here”), pointing out that in parts of southern Italy there exists a 1PL pronoun'nci (cf. also'nce). Treccani,[5] on the other hand, proposes an origin in Latinhīce, a variant ofhīc(“here”). In any case, the Italian term is certainly cognate withNeapolitance,Siciliancci andSassaresezi, all three of which share similar adverbial senses, with the latter two also having pronominal senses.

Alternative forms

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  • -ci(enclitic)
  • ce(before a third person direct object clitic)

Pronunciation

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ci

  1. us
    Loroci conoscono ―They knowus
  2. (reflexive pronoun)ourselves;each other
    Ci arrabbiamo ―We (ourselves) get angry
    Ci amiamo ―We loveeach other
  3. tous
    Luici ha detto questo ―He said thisto us
  4. replaces the indefinite personal pronounsi(“one”) before reflexivesi(“oneself”);one
    Ci si lava. ―One washes oneself.
    Ci si annoia quando non c'è niente da fare.
    One gets bored when there is nothing to do.
  5. it, to it
    Nonci credo. ―I do not believe it.
Usage notes
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  • Becomesce when followed by a third person direct object clitic (lo,la,li,le, orne).
See also
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Italian personal pronouns
NumberPersonGenderNominativeReflexiveAccusativeDativeCombinedDisjunctiveLocativePartitive
Singularfirst—iomi,m',-mimeme—
second—tuti,t',-titete
thirdmluisi2,s',-silo,l',-logli,-gliglie,se2lui,séci,c',
vi,v'(formal)		ne,n'
flei,Lei1la,La1,l',L'1,-la,-La1le3,Le1,-le3,-Le1lei,Lei1,sé
Pluralfirst—noici,c',-cicenoi—
second—voi,Voi4vi,Vi4,v',V'4,-vi,-Vi4vevoi,Voi4
thirdmloro,Loro1si,s',-sili,Li1,-li,-Li1gli,-gli,loro(formal),
Loro1		glie,seloro,Loro1,séci,c',
vi,v'(formal)		ne,n'
fle,Le1,-le,-Le1
1Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3Often replaced bygli,-gli in informal language.
4Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with Frenchvous).

Adverb

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ci

  1. tothere,here,there
    Synonym:vi(formal)
    Ci sono andato ―I have beenthere
    Ci siamo ―We'rehere
    Ci sono molte cose ―There are many things
    C'è un problema ―There is a problem
  2. forms part of many verbs:
    volerci ―to require/take
    abituarci ―to get used to it
    riuscirci ―to be able to do it
    entrarci ―to do with something
    contarci ―to count on it
    pensarci ―to think about it
    starci ―to agree / to be up for something
    farcela ―to manage to do something
    crederci ―to believe it
See also
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References

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  1. ^Rohlfs, Gerhard. 1969.Grammatica storica della lingua italiana e dei suoi dialetti, vol. 3:Sintassi e formazione delle parole. Torino: Einaudi. §899.
  2. ^Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “hīc”, inFranzösisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume4: G H I,page425
  3. ^Maiden, Martin. 1995.A linguistic history of Italian. London: Longman. §9.1.1.
  4. ↑4.04.1ci inLuciano Canepari,Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
  5. ^ci1 in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Etymology 3

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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ci m (uncountable)

  1. theTwilanguagefamily

Further reading

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  • ci3 in Treccani.it –Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Kangjia

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Etymology

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FromProto-Mongolic*či; compareMongolianчи(či),Dongxiangchi.

Pronoun

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ci

  1. you

Kanuri

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Noun

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ci

  1. mouth

Latgalian

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Etymology

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Borrowed fromBelarusianці(ci).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):[ˈt͡sʲi]
  • Hyphenation:ci

Particle

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ci

  1. Used to formpolar questions.

Synonyms

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References

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  • A. Andronov, L. Leikuma (2008)Latgalīšu-Latvīšu-Krīvu sarunu vuordineica, Lvava,→ISBN, page13

Latin

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Verb

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cī

  1. second-personsingularpresentactiveimperative ofciō

Malay

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ci

Etymology

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FromSundaneseᮎᮤ(ci).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ci (Jawi spellingچي,pluralci-ci)

  1. river (large stream which drains a landmass)

Synonyms

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Further reading

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Mandarin

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Romanization

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ci

  1. Nonstandard spelling ofcī.
  2. Nonstandard spelling ofcí.
  3. Nonstandard spelling ofcǐ.
  4. Nonstandard spelling ofcì.

Usage notes

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  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the criticaltonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Noone

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Verb

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ci

  1. strike

Synonyms

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References

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Nupe

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Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ci

  1. Used to order actions temporally:then;and
    Musa à bá nakàn yínna, Gànáci à gí eci yínna ―Musa will cut meat today,and Gana will eat yam today

Usage notes

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  • ci is solely used to join verbs/sentences and not nouns, for whichtò is used. Additionally, whenci is used, the subject of each verb must be specified.

See also

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Old French

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Etymology

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FromLate Latinecce hīc.

Adverb

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ci

  1. here (in this place)

Descendants

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Old Irish

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Pronoun

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ci

  1. Alternative form ofcía

Conjunction

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ci

  1. Alternative form ofcía

Polish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Alternative forms

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Etymology 2

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Inherited fromProto-Slavic*ti.

Pronoun

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ci

  1. shortdativesingular ofty.

Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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ci m

  1. virilenominativeplural often

Romanian

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Etymology

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Fromce.

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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ci

  1. (adversative)but; so that;on the contrary,opposite
    Nici eu,ci el. ―Not I,but he.

See also

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Sicilian

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Akin toItalianci; see there for more.

Adverb

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ci

  1. here,there

Etymology 2

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Pronoun

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ci

  1. dative ofiddu(“he”); to him
  2. dative ofidda(“she”); to her
  3. dative ofiddi(“they”); to them
Usage notes
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  • Unlike in Italian, the Sicilian pronounci is not used for the first-person plural ('us'). The Sicilian equivalent isni.
Inflection
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3rd personmfpl
nominativeidduiddaiddi
prepositionalidduiddaiddi
accusativelulali
dativecicici
reflexivesisisi

Tarantino

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Etymology

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Palatalization of an earlier *chi (/ki/), from the same continuum ofSiciliancui~cu'. Cognate withItalianchi.

Pronoun

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ci (relative)

  1. who

Tedim Chin

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Etymology

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FromProto-Kuki-Chin*tsii, fromProto-Sino-Tibetan*m-tsji.

Noun

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ci

  1. salt

References

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  • Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Venetan

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Etymology

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FromLatinquis (compareItalianchi).

Pronoun

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ci (interrogative)

  1. who?

Usage notes

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  • Redoubled for reinforcement.
    Ci èloci?
    Who on earth is he?

Walloon

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Etymology

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FromOld Frenchcist, fromLatinecceistum (<iste).

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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ci (after an open syllabe :ç',feminine :cisse,masculine form before vowel :cist,feminine form before vowel :ciste,plural :ces)

  1. this
    Ci rotch
    This rock
    C' estç' rotch-ci
    It'sthis rock
    Cist ome
    This man
    Cisse gayole
    This box
    Ciste afwaire
    This affair
    Ces måjhons
    These houses

Pronoun

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ci (before a vowel :c',alternative form :çou)

  1. it,this
    Ci m' fwait må
    It hurts me
    C' est on ome
    It a man

Welsh

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ci

Etymology

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FromMiddle Welshci, fromProto-Brythonic*ki, fromProto-Celtic*kū, fromProto-Indo-European*ḱwṓ.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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ci m (pluralcŵn)

  1. dog

Coordinate terms

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  • gast(“bitch (all senses)”)

Derived terms

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Mutation

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Mutated forms ofci
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
ciginghichi

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

White Hmong

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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ci

  1. tocook, toroast, totoast
  2. toglow, toshine

Zhuang

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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FromChinese車 (MC tsyhae).

Noun

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ci (1957–1982 spellingci)

  1. vehicle

Classifier

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ci (1957–1982 spellingci)

  1. carload of;cartload of;truckload of

Verb

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ci (1957–1982 spellingci)

  1. tosew with asewing machine
  2. tomachine on alathe

Etymology 2

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FromChinese吹 (MC tsyhwe).

Verb

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ci (Sawndip form𫩝,1957–1982 spellingci)

  1. (intransitive, of wind) toblow
    Synonyms:(dialectal)baed,(dialectal)daet,(dialectal)boq,(dialectal)coi
  2. (transitive) toblow
    Synonym:(dialectal)baed
  3. (transitive) toplay (awind instrument)
  4. (transitive) topump (abellows)
    Synonyms:(dialectal)daz,(dialectal)boz

Etymology 3

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FromChinese催 (MC tshwoj).

Verb

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ci (1957–1982 spellingci)

  1. tourge
    Synonyms:(dialectal)cui,(dialectal)dok

Etymology 4

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FromChinese支 (MC tsye).

Classifier

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ci (1957–1982 spellingci)

  1. Used for stick-like objects.
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