Abbreviation ofEnglishArabic

ar

1. (international standards)ISO 639-1language code forArabic.

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Arabic terms

• (Received Pronunciation)IPA^(key):/ˈɑː/
• (General American)IPA^(key):/ˈɑɹ/
• (Ireland)IPA^(key):/ˈaɹ/,/ˈäːɹ/
• (African-American Vernacular)IPA^(key):/ˈɑɹə/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-ɑː,-ɑɹ,-ɔɹ,-ɑɹə

FromMiddle English*ar,arres pl, from earlier*er.[1]

ar (pluralars)

1. The name of theLatin-script letterR/r.

   All thears in the inscription.

   • 2004, Will Rogers,The Stonking Steps, page170:

     I have drunk en-ee-cee-tee-ay-ar from the ef-ell-oh-doubleyou-ee-ar-ess in his gee-ay-ar-dee-ee-en many a time.

   • 2016 CCEB,Communications Instructions Radiotelephone Procedures: ACP125 (G), p. 3-5

     RV [is spoken] as "ar-vee" instead of "I SPELL Romeo Victor".

• ar-dropping
• arless

• → Malay:ar
• → Tagalog:ar

• (Latin-script letter names)letter;a,bee,cee,dee,e,ef,gee,aitch,i,jay,kay,el,em,en,o,pee,cue,ar,ess,tee,u,vee,double-u,ex,wye,zee /zed

ar

1. (UK,West Country,West Midlands)Alternative form ofarr

• oh ar

ar

1. (UK,West Country,West Midlands)Alternative form ofarr

ar

1. Obsolete spelling ofare.
   • 1570,Roger Ascham,The Scholemaster:

     But commonlie, the fairest bodies,ar bestowed on the foulest purposes.

ar

1. (Manglish,Singlish)Alternative form ofah(question particle)

• 'RA,'Ra,ra,RA,Ra

ar

1. Pometia pinnata

• ār (NW Gheg)^[1]

Borrowed throughVulgar Latin fromLatinaurum(“gold”).^[2][3] Considering the rendering of Latinau- as Albanianā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.

• IPA^(key):/aɾ/

• Audio:

  (file)

ar m (definiteari)^[4]

1. (chemistry)gold

   Synonyms:flori,dukat

   • 1555,Gjon Buzuku,Meshari:

     Të provuomitë e fesë saj të jetë mā e pāçmuome seari.

     The temptations of her religion are more precious than(the) gold.

2. (figurative)treasure,gem

   Synonym:thesar

3. goldenthread

• artë,praroj,artar,arturinë

ar (feminineare)

1. golden

   Synonyms:artë,flori

   Ai/ajo e ka zemrënar. ―He/she has agolden heart.

2. (figurative)precious

   Synonym:çmueshëm

3. (figurative)yellow;white,bright

   Synonyms:verdhë,lylc,bardhë,ndritshëm

4. (figurative)blonde,bright,light(hair)

   Synonym:biond

Probably viaFrenchare(“are”).

• IPA^(key):/aɾ/

ar m (pluralarë,definiteari,definite pluralarët)^[5]

1. are(unit ofarea; abbrev.a)

   (metricunit of measure:) 1a = 100 (m²)squaremeters = ~119.6squareyards

   Synonym:a(abbrev.)

• aru

FromLatinarō. Compare Daco-Romanianara,ar.

arfirst-singular present indicative (third-person singular present indicativearã,past participlearatã)

1. toplough

Borrowed fromArabicعَار(ʕār).

• IPA^(key):/ɑr/

• Audio(Baku):

  (file)

ar (definite accusativearı,pluralarlar)

1. feeling ofshame

• utanma,abır,həya

• arlanmaq
• arsız
  • arsızcasına
  • arsızlıq

• Audio:

  (file)

ar inan oranim

1. male

ar

1. the

• an
• al

ar

1. third person plural general possessive;their

FromMiddle High Germanahorn, fromOld High Germanahorn. Cognate withGermanAhorn.

ar m

1. (Luserna)maple,maple tree

• aorn(Sette Comuni)

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013)Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

ar

1. (Sette Comuni)Short forèar(“he”).

   Ar khimmet lóofanten.

   He comes running.

• “ar” inMartalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974)Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

FromFrenchare, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation fromLatinarea, a piece of level ground.^[1]

• IPA^(key):/ar/

ar m inan

1. are(unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

• “ar”, inPříruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech),1935–1957
• “ar”, inSlovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech),1960–1971, 1989

• IPA^(key):/ɑːr/,[ɑːˀ]
• Rhymes:-aːˀr

FromOld Norseørr.

ar n (singular definitearret,plural indefinitear)

1. scar
2. (slang)mouth

ar

1. imperative ofarre

FromFrenchare, fromLatinārea(“open space”).

ar c (singular definitearen,plural indefinitear)

1. are(square decametre, 100 m²)

•  ar on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia^da
•  Ar (sår) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia^da

• IPA^(key):/ɑr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation:ar
• Rhymes:-ɑr

FromMiddle Dutcharre,erre,irre, fromOld Dutch*irri, fromProto-Germanic*irzijaz.

ar (comparativearder,superlativearst)

1. (obsolete)angry,furious
2. (archaic)sorry,sad,regrettable

• in arren moede

Back-formation fromarrenslee (see there for further etymology).

ar m orf (pluralarren,diminutivearretje n)

1. (obsolete)sledge

• arrenslee

CompareGermaner.

ar

1. (Erzgebirgisch)he

• 2020 June 11, Hendrik Heidler,Hendrik Heidler's 400 Seiten: Echtes Erzgebirgisch: Wuu de Hasen Hoosn haaßn un de Hosen Huusn do sei mir drhamm: Das Original Wörterbuch: Ratgeber und Fundgrube der erzgebirgischen Mund- und Lebensart: Erzgebirgisch – Deutsch / Deutsch – Erzgebirgisch‎^[1], 3. geänderte Auflage edition, Norderstedt: BoD – Books on Demand,→ISBN,→OCLC, page17:

FromOld Galician-Portugueseaar, from an olderaere, fromLatinaēr.

• aire

• IPA^(key):[ˈaɾ]

ar m (pluralares)

1. air

Unknown

• IPA^(key):[ˈaɾ]

ar

1. (archaic)furthermore,in addition
2. (archaic)never

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “ar”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja,Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “aar”, inDicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “aere”, inCorpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “ar”, inDicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández,Ernesto Xosé González Seoane,María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “ar”, inTesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “ar”, inTesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela:Instituto da Lingua Galega,→ISSN

• IPA^(key):/ʔár/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa)IPA^(key):[ʔár]
• Hyphenation:ar̃

ar̃

1. damn it

From a conflation of threeOld Irish prepositions:

1. ar(“for”) (triggering lenition), fromProto-Celtic*ɸare(“in front of”), fromProto-Indo-European*pr̥h₂i. Cognates includeAncient Greekπαρά(pará,“beside”) andEnglishfore.
2. for(“on”) (triggering no mutation), fromProto-Celtic*uɸer(“over, on”) (compareWelshar,Bretonwar), fromProto-Indo-European*upér (compareLatinsuper,Ancient Greekὑπέρ(hupér),Old Englishofer).
3. íar(“after”) (triggering eclipsis), fromProto-Celtic*eɸirom(“after, behind”), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁epi.

Cognates includeManxer andScottish Gaelicair.

The pronunciation is taken from the third-person singular masculine inflected formair, although the spellings remain distinct in the standard language.

• IPA^(key):/ɛɾʲ/^[1]

ar (plus dative,triggers no mutation in general references butlenition in qualified or particularized references,triggerseclipsis in a few fixed expressions)

1. on
2. Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions

   Tá áthasorm.

   I am glad.

   (literally, “Joy ison me.”)

   Tá ocrasorm.

   I am hungry.

   (literally, “Hunger ison me.”)

   Tá slaghdánorm.

   I have a cold.

   (literally, “A cold ison me.”)

3. Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state

   ar crith ―trembling

   ar foluain ―hovering

   ar díol ―for sale

4. upon(with a verbal noun plus personal form ofdo indicating the subject of the verb)

   ar éirí dom ―when I get/got up; upon my rising

5. upon(witha(“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)

   ar a theacht /arna theacht ―when he comes/came; on his coming

   ar a chríochnú dom /arna chríochnú dom ―when I (had) completed it; upon my completion of it

6. (in conjunction with the verbbí)must,have to

   Bhíorainn anailís a dhéanamh ar bhlúirí a bhí bainte as téacs.

   We had to analyse fragments abstracted from a text.

See also:Category:Irish phrasal verbs formed with "ar"

an +‎-r

ar(triggerslenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

1. Used to form direct and indirect questions

   Ar chuala tú mé? ―Did you hear me?

   Níl a fhios agamar chas sé an t-amhrán. ―I don’t know if/whether he sang the song.

   Ar ól an cat an bainne? ―Did the cat drink the milk?

   Ar cuireadh an síol? ―Was the seed sown?

2. Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants

   Ar mhúinteoir tú? ―Were you a teacher?

• an(used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)

ar (copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggerslenition in the past/conditional)

1. Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense

   an fearar múinteoir a mhac ―the man whose son is a teacher

   an fearar iascaire a mhac ―the man whose son is a fisherman

2. Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense

   an fearar mhúinteoir a mhac ―the man whose son was a teacher

3. Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense

   Ar mhaith leat cupán tae?

   Would you like a cup of tea?

   Níl a fhios agamar mhaith léi cupán tae.

   I don’t know if she would like a cup of tea.

a +‎-r

ar (triggerslenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

1. Introduces an indirect relative clause

   an chathaoirar shuigh an gasúr air ―the chair the boy sat on

   an cailínar ól a cat an bainne ―the girl whose cat drank the milk

   an gortar cuireadh an síol ann ―the field the seed was sown in

• a(used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

ar (triggerslenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)

1. allthat,whatever

   Sinar chonnaic mé ann.

   That’s all that I saw there.

   Ar thuig túar canadh?

   Did you understand all that was sung?

   Cheannaigh méar íoc tú as.

   I bought whatever you paid for.

• a(form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)

FromMiddle Irishol, fromOld Irishol.

ar(used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)

1. said,says

   “Tar isteach,”ar seisean.

   “Come in,” he said.

   “Ní thuigim,”ar sise.

   “I don’t understand,” she says.

   “Cén fáth?”ar siadsan.

   “Why?” they said.

• arsa(used with other persons and with full nouns)

Old Irishar(“ploughing, ploughed land”), verbal noun ofairid(“to plough”).

ar m (genitive singularair)

1. (literary,agriculture)verbal noun ofair(“plough”)
2. (literary,agriculture)tillage

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ar”, inFoclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm,→ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “ar”, inEnglish-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “ar”, inNew English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge,2013-2025

• IPA^(key):/ˈar/
• Rhymes:-ar
• Hyphenation:àr

ar

1. (Rome)Contraction ofaer(“to the, at the”).

Derived fromEnglishor.

ar

1. or
   • 2023,Yuunivorshal Deklarieshan a Yuuman Raits, United Nations, Aatikl 17:

     Evribadi av di rait fi uon prapati bai demselfar wid ada piipl.

     Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

     (literally, “Everybody have the right to own property by themselvesor with other people.”)

ar

1. her
   • 2012,Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published2012,→ISBN,Maak 7:30:

     Wen shi riich uom shi siar pikni lai dong pan ar bed an di diiman gaan outaar.

     She went home and found the child lying on the bed, the demon gone.

     (literally, “When she went home she sawher child lying on the bed and the demon had gone out ofher.”)

• ar at majstro.com

FromSanskritआरा(ārā), fromProto-Indo-European*h₁óleh₂(“awl”). Cognate withGermanAhle,Englishawl.

ar

1. awl

FromProto-Khasian*ʔaːr, fromProto-Mon-Khmer*ɓaar. Cognate withPnarar,Blanglál,Bahnarʼbar,Khmerពីរ(pii),Vietnamesehai,Santaliᱵᱟᱨ(bar).

ar

1. two

FromProto-Balto-Slavic*ár. Cognates includeLatvianar(“with”) and dialectalLithuanianar(“and”).

• IPA^(key):[ˈâr]
• Hyphenation:ar

ar (+ instrumental)

1. with

• Nicole Nau (2011)A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH,→ISBN

FromProto-Indo-European*h₂er- Cognate withLithuanianar(“whether, if, and”),Ancient Greekἄρα(ára,“then”).

ar (with instrumental)

1. with

ar

1. inflection ofart:
   1. second/third-personsingularpresentindicative
   2. third-personpluralpresentindicative
   3. second-personsingularimperative
2. (with the particlelai)third-personsingularimperative ofart
3. (with the particlelai)third-personpluralimperative ofart

• er

FromProto-Indo-European*h₂er-(“thus, so”), thought to be a specialized conjunctional usage of the Proto-Indo-European root's usual "to fit" meaning. Cognate withLatvianar(“whether, if, with”),Ancient Greekἄρα(ára,“then”).^[1][2]

ar̃

1. (interrogative)whether,if

   Arnoritevalgyti? ―Do you want to eat?

   Nežinau,artaitiesa,arne. ―I don't knowwhether that is trueor not.

2. (dialectal)and

Although commonly placed at the start of a sentence to form a yes/no question, it is not necessary to usear to form such a question. Intonation alone can accomplish that. Additionally, there are other particles that can be used for the same purpose:ar̃gi,bè,benè,gál,kaži̇̀n,nègi,nejaũ,nejaũgi.

• czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)

• “ar”, inLietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt,1941–2025
• “ar”, inDabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt,1954–2025

FromEnglishar.

• (Johor)IPA^(key):/ˈa(r)/ [ˈa(r)]

• (Penang,Baku)IPA^(key):/ˈar/ [ˈar]

ar (pluralar-ar)

1. The name of theLatin-script letterR/r.

• er(Indonesian)
• ra(Jawi letter name)

• (Latin-script letter names)huruf;e,bi,si,di,i,ef,ji,hec,ai,je,ke,el,em,en,o,pi,kiu,ar,es,ti,yu,vi,dabel yu,eks,way,zed

FromLatinarō.^[1] CompareRomanianara, ar.

ar

1. plough

• ărari
• ărat

• Atasanov, Petar (1990)Le mégléno-roumain de nos jours: Une approche linguistique, Hamburg: Buske

ar

1. (chieflyKent and West Midlands)Alternative form ofhere(“their”)

ar

1. (Northern)Alternative form ofore(“honour”)

• er

• IPA^(key):/ar/

FromProto-Brythonic*ar, fromProto-Celtic*ɸare.

ar (triggers lenition)

1. on,upon
2. over,of(of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet a oed yn arglwydar seith cantref Dyuet.

     Pwyll PendefigDyfed was lord of the sevencantrefs of Dyfed.

• First-person singular:arnaf
• Second-person singular:arnat
• Third-person singular masculine:arnaw
• Third-person singular feminine:arnei,erni
• First-person plural:arnam
• Second-person plural:arnawch
• Third-person plural:arnunt

• ar hynny(“thereupon”)
• y ar(“from upon”)

• Welsh:ar

ar

1. he/shewho,whoever
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.

     Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.

2. thatwhich,whatever
   • Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:

     Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno nocar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?

     What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?

• IPA^(key):/ɑːɾ/

FromProto-Iranian*āθ(a)r-, from*HáHtr̥š, fromProto-Indo-Iranian*HáHtr̥š(“fire”), fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eh₁ter-(“fire”).

ar m (Arabic spellingئار)

1. fire

   Synonyms:agir,alav,pêt

2. ash,ashes

• ardû

ar m (Arabic spellingئار)

1. Alternative form ofard(“flour”)

ar ?

1. shame,disgrace

   Synonym:'ar

2. are(square decametre, 100 m²)
3. Abbreviation ofargon.

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar I”, inFerhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press,page10
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “ar II”, inFerhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press,page10

FromFrenchare(“are”), fromLatinārea(“a piece of level ground, vacant ground, house ground”),either fromProto-Italic*āzeā, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eHs-e-yeh₂, from*h₂eHs-(“to become dry, burn; hearth, ashes”),or fromProto-Italic*āreā, fromProto-Indo-European*h₂eh₂r-e-yeh₂, from*h₂eh₂rh₃-(“threshing tool”).

ar n (definite singulararet,indefinite pluralar,definite pluralaraorarene)

1. anare, area of 100 square metres

• dekar

• “ar” inThe Bokmål Dictionary.
• “ar” inDet Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

FromFrenchare, fromLatinarea.

ar n (definite singulararet,indefinite pluralar,definite pluralara)

1. anare, area of 100 square metres

• dekar

• “ar” inThe Nynorsk Dictionary.

• IPA^(key):/ɑːr/

FromProto-West Germanic*aiʀu(“respect, honour”). Cognate withGermanEhre.

• āre

ār f

1. honour,glory,grace
   • Exeter Book,The Wanderer

     Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
     Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

     A loner oft waits agrace for himself,
     Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

Strongō-stem:

• ārlīċe(“honorably”)
• ārstafas(“help, kindness”)
• woroldār(“worldly honour”)

• Middle English:ore,oore,or,ȝore,aore,are,ære(Early Middle English),ar,are(Northern)

FromProto-West Germanic*aiʀ. Cognate withOld Norseeir(“brass, copper”),Germanehern(“of metal, of iron”),Gothic𐌰𐌹𐌶(aiz,“ore”), fromProto-Indo-European*áyos, h₂éyos. CompareDutchoer(“iron-holding earth”). CompareLatinaes(“bronze, copper”),Avestan𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵(aiiah),Sanskritअयस्(áyas,“copper, iron”).

ār n

1. ore,brass,copper

Stronga-stem:

• Middle English:ore(merged withōra)
  • English:ore
  • Scots:ure,uir

FromProto-West Germanic*airu(“oar”), fromProto-Germanic*airō(“oar”). Cognate withOld Norseár,Danishåre,Swedishåra.

ār f

1. oar

Strongō-stem:

• Middle English:ore,hore,oore,are,aurre(Northern)
  • English:oar
  • Scots:air

FromProto-West Germanic*airu(“messenger”), fromProto-Germanic*airuz. Cognate withOld Saxonēru,Old Norseárr,Gothic𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃(airus).

ār m

1. messenger,herald
   • 8^th-11^th century,Beowulf,ll. 335-6:

     Ic eom Hroðgaresar ond ombiht.

     I am Hrothgar's herald and officer.

2. angel
3. missionary

Stronga-stem:

• er

fromLatinre-(“again”).

• IPA^(key):/ˈaɾ/

ar

1. also
   • a.1284,Alfonso X of Castile,Cantigas de Santa Maria,Códice de los músicos,cantiga 90 (facsimile):

     &ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte

     andalso without equal when you conceived God

2. again
   • a.1284,Alfonso X of Castile,Cantigas de Santa Maria,Códice de los músicos,cantiga 274 (facsimile):

     na obra que leyxara / por fazerar começou

     (He) started workingagain on his unfinished work

• Portuguese:er

• IPA^(key):/ar/

FromProto-Celtic*ɸare(“in front of”), fromProto-Indo-European*pr̥h₂í. Cognates includeAncient Greekπαραί(paraí,“beside”) andOld Englishfore (modernEnglishfor andfore).

ar (with accusative or dative)

1. for,for the sake of,because of

For quotations using this term, seeCitations:ar.