• v(numeral)
• V.(numeral,ordinal number)

From theEtruscan letter𐌖(u,“u”), from theAncient Greek letterΥ(U,“ypsilon”), derived from thePhoenician letter𐤅(w,“waw”), from theEgyptian hieroglyph𓏲.Doublet ofY,U, andF.

V (lower casev)

1. The twenty-second letter of thebasic modern Latin alphabet.

• (Latin script):  Aa  Bb  Cc  Dd  Ee  Ff  Gg  Hh  Ii  Jj  Kk  Ll  Mm  Nn  Oo  Pp  Qq  Rr  Sſs  Tt  Uu  Vv  Ww  Xx  Yy  Zz
• (Variations of letter V):  Ṽṽ  Ṿṿ  Ʋʋ  ᶌᶌ  ⱱ  ⱴ  ᴠ  Ｖｖ  Ꜹꜹ  Ꜻꜻ  Ww  Ꝡꝡ

V

2. The Roman numeral for5.
3. (especially in the names of aristocracy) thefifth.

V

1. Thevolt in theInternational System of Units.
2. (chemistry)Chemical symbol forvanadium.
3. (biochemistry)IUPAC 1-letter abbreviation forvaline
4. (organic chemistry) The resin identification code forpolyvinyl chloride, alsoPVC.
5. (geometry)volume
6. (set theory)Von Neumann universe
7. (music)majordominanttriad
8. (linguistics) Awildcard for avowel
9. (Voice Quality Symbols)voice (modified for the kind of voice: 'nasal voice', 'harsh voice', etc.)

• Letter styles
•  
  Uppercase and lowercase versions ofV, in roman and italic type
•  
  Uppercase and lowercaseV inFraktur

Character=V

Other representations of V:

• (name of letter)IPA^(key):/viː/

• Audio(US):

  (file)

• Rhymes:-iː

V (upper case,lower casev,pluralVsorV's)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Englishalphabet, calledvee and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letter;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

V (pluralVsorV's)

1. (grammar)Abbreviation ofvocative case.
2. (linguistics)Abbreviation ofverb.
3. (euphemistic)Vagina.
4. Abbreviation ofvowel.
5. Abbreviation ofvelocity.
6. (slang,countable)Viagra.
   • 2017,James Wharton,Something for the Weekend‎^[1], Biteback Publishing,→ISBN:

     The unfortunate, and quite ironic, side effect of all these chemicals is a penis that refuses to budge. Steven has been handing out theVs in abundance for as the long as boys have been high in his second-floor flat, two for a fiver.

7. Anything shaped like a V;synonym:vee.
   • 2022,Maddie Mortimer,Maps of Our Spectacular Bodies, Picador, page149:

     She watched him through the perfectV between the seats for the rest of the journey.

   1. A flyingskein ofgeese which have placed themselves in a V-shaped formation.

V

1. (Stenoscript)Abbreviation ofover,prefixover-.

V

1. (titular)Viscount.
2. (titular)Viscountess.

• The New Penguin Dictionary of Abbreviations: from A to zz, Rosalind Fergusson. (Penguin Books, 2000), page 390/1

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/fɪə/

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Afrikaansalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letter;Aa,Bb,Cc,Dd,Ee,Ff,Gg,Hh,Ii,Jj,Kk,Ll,Mm,Nn,Oo,Pp,Qq,Rr,Ss,Tt,Uu,Vv,Ww,Xx,Yy,Zz

V (pluralV's,diminutiveV'tjie)

1. V

Vupper case (lower casev)

1. The thirtiethletter of the Azerbaijanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)hərf;A a,B b,C c,Ç ç,D d,E e,Ə ə,F f,G g,Ğ ğ,H h,X x,I ı,İ i,J j,K k,Q q,L l,M m,N n,O o,Ö ö,P p,R r,S s,Ş ş,T t,U u,Ü ü,V v,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):/ube/,[u.β̞e̞]

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-thirdletter of the Basquealphabet, calleduve and written in theLatin script.

• Used chiefly in recent loanwords and foreign proper nouns.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ü ü),V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):(Central)[ˈbe],[ˈbe ˈβa.ʃə]
• IPA^(key):(Balearic)[ˈve],[ˈve ˈba.ʃə]
• IPA^(key):(Valencia)[ˈve],[ˈve ˈbaj.ʃa]

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Catalanalphabet, calledve orve baixa and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)lletres;A a (À à),B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e (É é,È è),F f,G g,H h,I i (Í í,Ï ï),J j,K k,L l (L·L l·l),M m,N n,O o (Ó ó,Ò ò),P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ú ú,Ü ü),V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• /v/ is from West Germanic stem-internal*b and*f; from stem-initial*f around Aachen and in the Netherlands.
• For the origin of/f/, seeF. For the origin of/ʋ/, seeW.

• /v/,(German-based also)/f/,/ʋ/

V

1. A letter in the German-based alphabet of Central Franconian.
2. A letter in the Dutch-based alphabet of Central Franconian.

FromEnglishvolt.

V

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese,electricity)volt(unit of voltage)

   Synonyms:伏,伏特(fútè)

FromJapaneseVTuber(bui-chūbā) orEnglishVTuber.

V

1. (fandomslang)virtual YouTuber;VTuber

From微(wēi), short for微信(Wēixìn,“WeChat”).

V

1. (Internetslang) tosend (money) overWeChat

   V我50  ― wēi wǒ 50  ― send me 50 yuanover WeChat

V

1. The twenty-second letter of the Latin alphabet.

V

1. The twenty-second letter used inPinyin.

• 《汉语拼音方案》 defines a standard pronunciation for each letter. However, these pronunciations are rarely used in education, and another pronunciation is commonly used instead. In the case ofV,《汉语拼音方案》 defines its pronunciation asㄪㄝ, using the initialㄪ(vō/⁠v⁠/), which is obsolete in standard Mandarin. This is one of the only instances of the letter being used in standard Pinyin.

• (letter name):IPA^(key):/veː/

• Audio:

  (file)

V (capital,lowercasev)

1. the twenty-second letter of the Dutch alphabet

• Previous letter:U
• Next letter:W

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/v/; before a voiceless consonant,IPA^(key):/f/

• Audio:

  (file)

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Esperantoalphabet, calledvo and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)litero;A a,B b,C c,Ĉ ĉ,D d,E e,F f,G g,Ĝ ĝ,H h,Ĥ ĥ,I i,J j,Ĵ ĵ,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,R r,S s,Ŝ ŝ,T t,U u,Ŭ ŭ,V v,Z z

The Finnish orthography using the Latin script was based on those of Swedish, German and Latin, and was first used in the mid-16th century. No earlier script is known. Seethe Wikipedia article on Finnish for more information, andV for information on the development of the glyph itself. The letter was only rarely used prior to the 19th century, when it replacedW.

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Finnishalphabet, calledvee and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)kirjain;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s (Š š),T t,U u,V v (W w),X x,Y y,Z z (Ž ž),Å å,Ä ä,Ö ö

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Frenchalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)lettre;A a (À à, â,Æ æ),B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e (É é,È è,Ê ê,Ë ë),F f,G g,H h,I i (Πî,Ï ï),J j,K k,L l,M m,N n (Ñ ñ),O o (Ô ô,Œ œ),P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ù ù,Û û,Ü ü),V v,W w,X x,Y y (Ÿ ÿ),Z z

For the origin of the letter, seev.

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/faʊ̯/
  • Rhymes:-aʊ̯

  • Audio:

    (file)

• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/f/,/v/(see etymology section)

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Germanalphabet, calledVau and written in theLatin script.

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):[ˈv]
• (letter name):IPA^(key):[ˈveː]

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The thirty-eighthletter of the Hungarianalphabet, calledvé and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)betű;A a,Á á,B b,C c,Cs cs,D d,Dz dz,Dzs dzs,E e,É é,F f,G g,Gy gy,H h,I i,Í í,J j,K k,L l,Ly ly,M m,N n,Ny ny,O o,Ó ó,Ö ö,Ő ő,P p,R r,S s,Sz sz,T t,Ty ty,U u,Ú ú,Ü ü,Ű ű,V v,Z z,Zs zs.Only in the extended alphabet:Q qW wX xY y.Commonly used: ch.Also defined: à ë.In surnames (selection):äaaczdseéeöewoeoóthts ÿ.

V (lower casev)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Icelandicalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)bókstafur;A a,Á á,B b,D d,Рð,E e,É é,F f,G g,H h,I i,Í í,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,Ó ó,P p,R r,S s,T t,U u,Ú ú,V v,X x,Y y,Ý ý,Þ þ,Æ æ,Ö ö

• IPA^(key):/v/

V (lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Idoalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)litero;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The nineteenthletter of the Irishalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• V-bhloc
• V-chruthach
• V-mhuineál

• SeeTemplate:list:Latin script letters/ga.

• (letter name)IPA^(key):^**/ˈvi/^*,(traditional)^**/ˈvu/^*[1]
  • Rhymes:-i,(traditional)-u
  • Homophone:vi
• (phonemic realization)IPA^(key):/v/

V f orm (invariable,upper case,lower casev)

1. The twentiethletter of the Italianalphabet, calledvu orvi and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)lettera;A a (À à),B b,C c,D d,E e (É é,È è),F f,G g,H h,I i (Í í,Ì ì,Πî,J j,K k),L l,M m,N n,O o (Ó ó,Ò ò),P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ú ú,Ù ù),V v (W w,X x,Y y),Z z
•  Italian alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

FromEnglishvictory.

V(ブイ)• (bui) 

1. victory inchampionship

• 優勝

• Vサイン

Borrowed fromTagalogV. Letter pronunciation is influenced byEnglishV.

• (letter name)IPA^(key):/vi/[vi̞]
  • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/bi/[bi̞]
  • Rhymes:-i
• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/v/[v]
  • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/b/[b]

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Kankanaeyalphabet, calledvi and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letra;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,Ng ng,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino (2016)Ortograpiya di Kankanaëy [Kankanaey Orthography]‎^[2] (in Kankanaey and Tagalog),→ISBN, pages10-11

V (lower casev)

1. (obsolete, Tindall orthography)A letter of the Khoekhoe alphabet; modernǂ.

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. A letter in theLatin alphabet, representing the consonant /w/ (later /v/) and the vowels /u/ and /uː/

• Historical Latin texts did not distinguish the consonantal and vocalic readings of this letter orthographically. In modern texts and editions of older texts, the vowels are typically written ⟨U⟩ and ⟨Ū⟩ rather than with ⟨V⟩.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,V v,X x,Y y,Z z

Proposed in 1908 as part of the new Latvian spelling by the scientific commission headed byK. Mīlenbahs, which was accepted and began to be taught in schools in 1909. Prior to that, Latvian had been written in GermanFraktur, and sporadically inCyrillic.

• IPA^(key):[v]

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The thirty-firstletter of the Latvianalphabet, calledvē and written in theLatin script.

• Letters of the Latvian alphabet:

  burti:Aa,Āā,Bb,Cc,Čč,Dd,Ee,Ēē,Ff,Gg,Ģģ,Hh,Ii,Īī,Jj,Kk,Ķķ,Ll,Ļļ,Mm,Nn,Ņņ,Oo,Pp,Rr,Ss,Šš,Tt,Uu,Ūū,Vv,Zz,Žž

• (Name of letter)IPA^(key):[vi]
• (Phoneme, Syllable initial)IPA^(key):[v]
• (Phoneme, Syllable final)IPA^(key):[f]

V

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Malayalphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

V

1. Nonstandard spelling ofÜ.

• In Hanyu Pinyin, the letter v is unused, except for the official pronunciation of the letterV. However, the ease of typing into a computer means that it is sometimes used in place ofÜ.

V (upper caseV,lower casev)

1. the 22th letter of the Norwegian alphabet

In older texts may be replaced byw,u,fu,ffv,fw,ff orfv.

• (phoneme):IPA^(key):/v/

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-sixthletter of the Nupealphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)banki;A a (Á á,À à),B b,C c,D d,Dz dz,E e (É é,È è),F f,G g,Gb gb,H h,I i (Í í,Ì ì),J j,K k,Kp kp,L l,M m (Ḿ ḿ,M̀ m̀,M̄ m̄),N n (Ń ń,Ǹ ǹ,N̄ n̄),O o (Ó ó,Ò ò),P p,R r,S s,Sh sh,T t,Ts ts,U u (Ú ú,Ù ù),V v,W w,Y y,Z z,Zh zh

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Portuguesealphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)letra;A a (Á á,À à, â,àã),B b,C c (Ç ç),D d,E e (É é,Ê ê),F f,G g,H h,I i (Í í),J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o (Ó ó,Ô ô,Õ õ),P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u (Ú ú),V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• IPA^(key):/v/

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. (International Standard)The twenty-ninthletter of the Romanialphabet, written in theLatin script.
2. (Pan-Vlax)The thirtiethletter of the Romanialphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,X x,I i,J j,K k,Kh kh,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Ph ph,R r,S s,T t,Th th,U u,V v,Z zInternational Standard:(À à,Ä ä,Ǎ ǎ),Ć ć,Ćh ćh, (È è,Ë ë,Ě ě), (Ì ì,Ï ï,Ǐ ǐ), (Ò ò,Ö ö,Ǒ ǒ),Rr rr,Ś ś, (Ù ù,Ü ü,Ǔ ǔ),Ź ź,Ʒ ʒ,Q q,Ç ç,ϴ θ.Pan-Vlax:Č č,Čh čh,Dž dž, (Dź dź),Ř ř,Š š, (Ś ś),Ž ž, (Ź ź).

• IPA^(key):/v/

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Romanianalphabet, calledve orvî and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,Ă ă, â,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,Πî,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,Ș ș,T t,Ț ț,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

Sense 2 was derived fromвосток(vostok,“east, eastern Ukraine”). Like the Z sign, the V sign was initially used for vehicles targeted towards Kyiv, and later popularised by the Russian government on social media as a rallying symbol.

• IPA^(key):[vɛ]

V (lower casev)

1. the Roman letterV,v

   Synonym:вэ(vɛ)

2. (The addition ofquotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)(politics) adogwhistle for supporting the2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
   • #силаVправде(hashtag using V by Russian nationalists in support for war against Ukraine)

     #silaVpravde

     "our strength is in truth"

   • ZOV(a symbol combining Z and O, more symbols used on Russian tanks, used by the Russian government and some online users in support for war against Ukraine)

     ZOV (may also be interpreted asзов, or "call forth [to war]")

Russian nationalists replace instances of the Cyrillic letterВ(V) with Roman V in some words and usernames.

• Z
• В(V),в(v)
• своих не бросаем(svoix ne brosajem)
• спецоперация(specoperacija)

• (phoneme)IPA^(key):/v/

V (lower casev)

1. The thirty-secondletter of the Skolt Samialphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)bukva;A a, â,B b,C c,Č č,Ʒ ʒ,Ǯ ǯ,D d,Đ đ,E e,F f,G g,Ǧ ǧ,Ǥ ǥ,H h,I i,J j,K k,Ǩ ǩ,L l,M m,N n,Ŋ ŋ,O o,Õ õ,P p,R r,S s,Š š,T t,U u,V v,Z z,Ž ž,Å å,Ä ä,ʹ

V (capital,lowercasev)

1. The twenty-thirdletter of the Slovenealphabet, written in theLatin script.
2. The thirty-firstletter of the Slovenealphabet (Resian), written in theLatin script.
3. The twenty-fourthletter of the Slovenealphabet (Natisone Valley dialect), written in theLatin script.

• IPA^(key):/ˈube/[ˈu.β̞e]
• Rhymes:-ube

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. the 23rd letter of the Spanish alphabet

• ve(spelled out)

Borrowed fromLatinV. First attested in 1602.^[1]

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. the 22nd letter of the Swedish alphabet
   1. (historical) the 21st letter of the Swedish alphabet(whenI andJ was not viewed as separate letters)
   2. (historical) the 20th letter of the Swedish alphabet(whenU andV was not viewed as separate letters)

• The letterW is sometimes seen as an alternative form ofV and not a separate letter.
  • In some situations, such as in URLs, the pronunciation of the separate letterW is identical to that ofV.
  • Since 2006 the letterW has been categorised as a separate letter by the dictionarySvenska Akademins Ordlista (SAOL). Before that, it was viewed as a variant of the letterV and sorted thereunder.^[2]

V ? (genitiveV:s)

1. Abbreviation ofVänsterpartiet(“Left Party”).

Borrowed fromSpanishV. Each pronunciation has a different source:

• Filipino alphabet pronunciation is influenced byEnglishV.
• Abecedario pronunciation is fromSpanishV.

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key):/ˈvi/[ˈvi](letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/ˈbi/[ˈbi](letter name, Filipino alphabet)
    • Rhymes:-i
  • IPA^(key):/ˈve/[ˈvɛ](letter name, Abecedario)
    • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/ˈbe/[ˈbɛ](letter name, Abecedario)
    • Rhymes:-e
  • IPA^(key):/v/[v](phoneme)
    • IPA^(key):(more native-sounding)/b/[b̚](phoneme)

V (upper case,lower casev,Baybayin spellingᜊᜒ)

1. The twenty-fourthletter of the Tagalogalphabet (theFilipino alphabet), calledvi and written in theLatin script.
2. (historical)The twenty-fifthletter of the Tagalogalphabet (theAbecedario), calledve and written in theLatin script.

• This letter is mostly used only in proper nouns, unadapted loanwords, or Spanish-based spellings.
• Some purists of Tagalog replaceV in words withB.

• (Latin-script letters)titik;A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,Ñ ñ,Ng ng,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z

• “V”, inPambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila,2018

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Turkishalphabet, calledve and written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)harf;A a ( â),B b,C c,Ç ç,D d,E e,F f,G g,Ğ ğ,H h,I ı,İ i (Πî),J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,Ö ö,P p,R r,S s,Ş ş,T t,U u (Û û),Ü ü,V v,Y y,Z z

• (Hà Nội)IPA^(key):[ve˧˧],[vəː˨˩]
• (Huế)IPA^(key):[vej˧˧],[vəː˦˩]
• (Saigon)IPA^(key):[vej˧˧] ~[jej˧˧],[vəː˨˩] ~[jəː˨˩]
• Phonetic spelling: vê, vờ

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-seventhletter of the Vietnamesealphabet, calledvê orvờ and written in theLatin script.

• (Quốc ngữ letters)chữ cái;A a (À à,Ả ả,àã,Á á,Ạ ạ),Ă ă (Ằ ằ,Ẳ ẳ,Ẵ ẵ,Ắ ắ,Ặ ặ), â (Ầ ầ,Ẩ ẩ,Ẫ ẫ,Ấ ấ,Ậ ậ),B b,C c (Ch ch),D d,Đ đ,E e (È è,Ẻ ẻ,Ẽ ẽ,É é,Ẹ ẹ),Ê ê (Ề ề,Ể ể,Ễ ễ,Ế ế,Ệ ệ),G g (Gh gh,Gi gi),H h,I i (Ì ì,Ỉ ỉ,Ĩ ĩ,Í í,Ị ị),K k (Kh kh),L l,M m,N n (Ng ng,Ngh ngh,Nh nh),O o (Ò ò,Ỏ ỏ,Õ õ,Ó ó,Ọ ọ),Ô ô (Ồ ồ,Ổ ổ,Ỗ ỗ,Ố ố,Ộ ộ),Ơ ơ (Ờ ờ,Ở ở,Ỡ ỡ,Ớ ớ,Ợ ợ),P p (Ph ph),Q q (Qu qu),R r,S s,T t (Th th,Tr tr),U u (Ù ù,Ủ ủ,Ũ ũ,Ú ú,Ụ ụ),Ư ư (Ừ ừ,Ử ử,Ữ ữ,Ứ ứ,Ự ự),V v,X x,Y y (Ỳ ỳ,Ỷ ỷ,Ỹ ỹ,Ý ý,Ỵ ỵ)

V (upper case,lower casev)

1. The twenty-secondletter of the Zulualphabet, written in theLatin script.

• (Latin-script letters)A a,B b,C c,D d,E e,F f,G g,H h,I i,J j,K k,L l,M m,N n,O o,P p,Q q,R r,S s,T t,U u,V v,W w,X x,Y y,Z z