Movatterモバイル変換


[0]ホーム

URL:


Wiktionary

Appendix:Middle Chinese

This page lists the initials and finals of Middle Chinese as attested, as well as the various reconstructions. The "B" (Baxter) columns are transcriptions, and from the third column onwards are IPA symbols.

Initials

edit

(Keys: Zz=Zhengzhang Shangfang, K=Bernard Karlgren, Li=Li Rong, W=Wang Li, Pb=Edwin Pulleyblank, S=Shao Rongfen, B=Baxter, Pan=Pan Wuyun)

#NameBKSWPbZzLiPan
脣音 / bilabial
1帮/非/幫pppppppp
2滂/敷ph
3並/奉/并bbbbbbb
4明/微mmmmmmmm
舌頭音 / alveolar
5tttttttt
6th
7ddddddd
8nnnnnnnn
舌上音 / retroflex
9trȶȶȶʈʈȶʈ
10trhȶʰȶʰȶʰʈʰʈʰȶʰʈʰ
11drȡʱȡȡɖɖȡɖ
12孃/娘nrnnnɳɳnɳ
齒頭音 / dental
13tst͡st͡st͡st͡st͡st͡st͡s
14tsht͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰt͡sʰ
15从/從dzd͡zʱd͡zd͡zd͡zd͡zd͡zd͡z
16ssssssss
17zzzzzzzz
正齒音 / retroflex?
18庄/莊tsrʈ͡ʂt͡ʃt͡ʃʈ͡ʂt͡ʃt͡ʃʈ͡ʂ
19tsrhʈ͡ʂʰt͡ʃʰt͡ʃʰʈ͡ʂʰt͡ʃʰt͡ʃʰʈ͡ʂʰ
20dzrɖ͡ʐʱd͡ʒd͡ʒɖ͡ʐd͡ʒd͡ʒɖ͡ʐ
21srʂʃʃʂʃʃʃ
22zrɖ͡ʐʰʒʒʐʒʒʐ
正齒音 / post-alveolar
23tsyt͡ɕt͡ɕt͡ɕct͡ɕt͡ɕt͡ɕ
24tsyht͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰt͡ɕʰ
25禅/禪/常dzyʑd͡ʑʑd͡ʑd͡ʑʑd͡ʑ
26書/书syɕɕɕɕɕɕɕ
27zyd͡ʑʰʑd͡ʑʑʑd͡ʑʑ
? / velar
28見/见kkkkkkkk
29溪/谿kh
30群/羣ggɡɡgɡɡɡ
31ngŋŋŋŋŋŋŋ
喉音 / glottal
32曉/晓xxxxhhxh
33hɣɣɣɦɦɣɦ
34ʔʔʔʔʔʔʔ
35云/雲/于hɣɣɦɦɣɦ
miscellaneous
36yjjjj
37来/來llllllll
38nyȵʑȵʑȵʑȵȵȵȵ

Finals

edit

(Keys: Zz=Zhengzhang Shangfang, K=Bernard Karlgren, Li=Li Rong, W=Wang Li, Pb=Edwin Pulleyblank, S=Shao Rongfen, B=Baxter, Pan=Pan Wuyun)

#NameBKSWPbZzLiPan
通攝 ung
1東一uwngəwŋ
2東三juwngi̯uŋiuŋĭuŋuwŋɨuŋiuŋiuŋ
3屋一uwkuk̚uk̚uk̚əwk̚uk̚uk̚uk̚
4屋三juwki̯uk̚iuk̚ĭuk̚uwk̚ɨuk̚iuk̚iuk̚
5ownguoŋuoŋawŋuoŋuoŋ
6owkuok̚ok̚uok̚awk̚uok̚ok̚uok̚
7jowngi̯woŋioŋĭwoŋuawŋɨoŋioŋioŋ
8jowki̯wok̚iok̚ĭwok̚uawk̚ɨok̚iok̚iok̚
江攝 ong
9æwngɔŋɔŋɔŋaɨwŋˠʌŋɔŋᵚɔŋ
10æwkɔk̚ɔk̚ɔk̚aɨwk̚ˠʌk̚ɔk̚ᵚɔk̚
止攝 i
11支三開jieie̯ǐeiə̆iᴇie
12支三合jwiewie̯juɛǐwewiə̆iuᴇiueʷiɛ
13支重鈕三開jeie̯ǐejiə̆ˠiᴇjeᵚiɛ
14支重鈕三合jwewie̯iuɛǐwejwiə̆ˠiuᴇjueʷᵚiɛ
15脂重鈕四開/脂三開jijiiiii
16脂重鈕四合/脂三合jwijwijuɪwiwiiuɪuiʷi
17脂重鈕三開ijiijiˠiɪjiᵚi
18脂重鈕三合wijwiiuɪwijwiˠiuɪjuiʷᵚi
19iiieĭəɨɨɨ
20微開jɨje̯iiəiĭəiɨjɨiiəiɨi
21微合jwɨjwe̯iiuəiĭwəiujʉiiuəiʷɨi
遇攝 o
22joi̯woĭoɨə̆ɨʌ
23uuoouɔuoouo
24jui̯uioĭuuə̆ɨoioio
蟹攝 ai
25泰開ajɑiɑiɑiajɑiɑiɑi
26泰合wajuɑiuɑiuɑiwajuɑiuɑiʷɑi
27廢開joji̯ɐiiɐiĭɐiɨajɨɐiiɐiiɐi
28廢合jwoji̯wɐiiuɐiĭwɐiuajʉɐiiuɐiʷiɐi
29夬開æjaiaiæiaɨjsˠaiaiᵚai
30夬合wæjwaiuaiwæiwaɨjsˠuaiuaiʷᵚai
31佳開ɛɨaiæiaiaɨjˠɛɛᵚæ
32佳合wɛɨwaiuæiwaiwaɨjˠuɛʷᵚæ
33皆開ɛjăiɐiɐiəɨjˠɛiɛiᵚæi
34皆合wɛjwăiuɐiwɐiwəɨjˠuɛiuɛiʷᵚæi
35祭重鈕四開/祭三開jieji̯ɛijæiĭɛiiajiᴇiiɛiiɛi
36祭三合/祭重鈕四合jwieji̯wɛiiuæiĭwɛiwiajiuᴇiiuɛiʷiɛi
37祭重鈕三開jeji̯ɛiiæiĭɛijiajˠiᴇijɛiᵚiɛi
38祭重鈕三合jweji̯wɛiiuæiĭwɛijwiajˠiuᴇijuɛiʷᵚiei
39齊開ejieiɛiieiɛjeieiei
40齊合wejiweiuɛiiweiwɛjweiueiʷei
41ojɑ̆iɒiɒiəjʌiᴀiəi
42wojuɑ̆iuɒiuɒiwəjuʌiuᴀiuoi
臻攝 en
43真三/真重鈕四/眞三/眞重鈕四jini̯ĕnjenĭĕniniɪniĕnin
44眞開/真開ini̯ĕnienǐĕnjinˠiɪnjĕnᵚin
45真合/眞合wini̯ĕniuenǐĕnjinˠiuɪnjuĕnʷᵚin
46ini̯ænienĭeninɪniĕnɪn
47jwini̯uĕnjuenĭuĕnwiniuɪniuĕnʷin
48質重鈕四/質三jiti̯ĕt̚jet̚ĭĕt̚it̚iɪt̚iĕt̚it̚
49質開iti̯ĕt̚iet̚ĭĕt̚jit̚ˠiɪt̚jĕt̚ᵚit̚
50質合witi̯ĕt̚iuet̚ĭĕt̚jit̚ˠiuɪt̚juĕt̚ʷᵚit̚
51iti̯æt̚iet̚ĭet̚it̚ɪt̚iĕt̚ɪt̚
52jwiti̯uĕt̚juet̚ĭuĕt̚wit̚iuɪt̚iuĕt̚ʷit̚
53onənənənənənənən
54otət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚ət̚
55wonuənuənuənwənuənuənuon
56wotuət̚uət̚uət̚wət̚uət̚uət̚uot̚
57jɨni̯əniənĭənɨnɨniənɨn
58jɨti̯ət̚iət̚ĭət̚ɨt̚ɨt̚iət̚ɨt̚
59juni̯uəniuənĭuənunɨuniuəniun
60juti̯uət̚iuət̚ĭuət̚ut̚ɨut̚iuət̚iut̚
山攝 an
61anɑnɑnɑnanɑnɑnɑn
62wanuɑnuɑnuɑnwanuɑnuɑnʷɑn
63atɑt̚ɑt̚ɑt̚at̚ɑt̚ɑt̚ɑt̚
64watuɑt̚uɑt̚uɑt̚wat̚uɑt̚uɑt̚ʷɑt̚
65元開jonɨ̯ɐniɐnĭɐnɨanɨɐniɐniɐn
66元合jwoni̯wɐniuɐnĭwɐnuanʉɐniuɐnʷiɐn
67月開jotɨ̯ɐt̚iɐt̚ĭɐt̚ɨat̚ɨɐt̚iɐt̚iɐt̚
68月合jwoti̯wɐt̚iuɐt̚ĭwɐt̚uat̚ʉɐt̚iuɐt̚ʷiɐt̚
69刪開ænanɐnanaɨnˠananᵚan
70刪合wænwanuɐnwanwaɨnˠuanuanʷᵚan
71黠開ætăt̚ɐt̚at̚aɨt̚ˠat̚at̚ᵚat̚
72黠合wætwăt̚uɐt̚wat̚waɨt̚ˠuat̚uat̚ʷᵚat̚
73山開ɛnănænænəɨnˠɛnɛnᵚæn
74山合wɛnwănuænwænwəɨnˠuɛnuɛnʷᵚæn
75鎋開ɛtat̚æt̚æt̚əɨt̚ˠɛt̚ɛt̚ᵚæt̚
76鎋合wɛtwat̚uæt̚wæt̚wəɨt̚ˠuɛt̚uɛt̚ʷᵚæt̚
77仙三開jieni̯ɛnjænĭɛnianiᴇniɛniɛn
78仙三合jwieni̯wɛnjuænĭwɛnwianiuᴇniuɛnʷiɛn
79仙重鈕三開jeni̯ɛniænĭɛnianˠiᴇnjɛnᵚiɛn
80仙重鈕三合jweni̯wɛniuænĭwɛnwianˠiuᴇnjuɛnʷᵚiɛn
81薛三開jieti̯ɛt̚jæt̚ĭɛt̚iat̚iᴇt̚iɛt̚iɛt̚
82薛三合jwieti̯wɛt̚juæt̚ĭuɛt̚wiat̚iuᴇt̚iuɛt̚ʷiɛt̚
83薛重鈕三開jeti̯ɛt̚iæt̚ĭɛt̚iat̚ˠiᴇt̚jɛt̚ᵚiɛt̚
84薛重鈕三合jweti̯wɛt̚iuæt̚ĭuɛt̚wiat̚ˠiuᴇt̚juɛt̚ʷᵚiet̚
85先開enienɛnienɛnenenen
86先合weniwenuɛniwenwɛnwenuenʷen
87屑開etiet̚ɛt̚iet̚ɛt̚et̚et̚et̚
88屑合wetiwet̚uɛt̚iwet̚wɛt̚wet̚uet̚ʷet̚
效攝 au
89awɑuɑuɑuawɑuɑuɑu
90æwauauauaɨwˠauauᵚau
91宵三/宵重鈕四jiewi̯ɛujæuĭɛuiawiᴇuiɛuiɛu
92宵重鈕三jewi̯ɛuiæuĭɛuiawˠiᴇujɛuᵚiɛu
93ewieueuieuɛweueueu
果攝 ar
94aɑɑɑaɑɑɑ
95戈一合wawa
96戈三開jai̯ɑǐɑɨaɨɑ
97戈三合jwai̯wɑiuɑĭuɑuaɨuɑiuɑʷiɑ
假攝 a
98麻二開æaaaˠaaᵚa
99麻二合wauawawaɨˠuauaʷᵚa
100麻三開i̯aiaĭaiaiaiaia
宕攝 ang
101唐開angɑŋɑŋɑŋɑŋɑŋɑŋ
102唐合wangwɑŋuɑŋuɑŋwaŋwɑŋuɑŋʷɑŋ
103鐸開akɑk̚ɑk̚ɑk̚ak̚ɑk̚ɑk̚ɑk̚
104鐸合wakwɑk̚uɑk̚uɑk̚wak̚wɑk̚uɑk̚ʷɑk̚
105陽開jangi̯aŋiɑŋĭaŋɨaŋɨɐŋiaŋiɐŋ
106陽合jwangiwaŋiuɑŋĭwaŋuaŋʉɐŋiuaŋʷiɐŋ
107藥開jaki̯ak̚iɑk̚ĭak̚ɨak̚ɨɐk̚iak̚iɐk̚
108藥合jwakiwak̚iuɑk̚ĭak̚uak̚ʉɐk̚iuak̚ʷiɐk̚
梗攝 eng
109庚二開ængɐŋɐŋaɨjŋˠæŋɐŋᵚaŋ
110庚二合wængwɐŋuaŋwɐŋwaɨjŋˠwæŋuɐŋʷᵚaŋ
111庚三開/庚重鈕三開jængi̯ɐŋiaŋĭɐŋiajŋˠiæŋiɐŋᵚiaŋ
112庚重鈕三合/庚三合jwængi̯wɐŋiuaŋĭwɐŋwiajŋˠwiæŋiuɐŋʷᵚiaŋ
113陌二開ækɐk̚ak̚ɐk̚aɨjk̚ˠæk̚ɐk̚ᵚak̚
114陌二合wækwɐk̚uak̚wɐk̚waɨjk̚ˠwæk̚uɐk̚ʷᵚak̚
115陌三開jækiɐk̚iak̚ĭɐk̚iajk̚ˠiæk̚iɐk̚ᵚiak̚
116陌三合jwækiwɐk̚iuak̚ĭwɐk̚wiajk̚ˠwiæk̚iuɐk̚ʷᵚiak̚
117耕開ɛngæŋɐŋæŋəɨjŋˠɛŋɛŋᵚæŋ
118耕合wɛngwæŋuɐŋwæŋwəɨjŋˠwɛŋuɛŋʷᵚæŋ
119麥開ɛkæk̚ɐk̚æk̚əɨjk̚ˠɛk̚ɛk̚ᵚæk̚
120麥合wɛkwæk̚uɐk̚wæk̚wəɨjk̚ˠwɛk̚uɛk̚ʷᵚæk̚
121清開jiengi̯ɛŋiæŋĭɛŋiajŋiᴇŋiɛŋiɛŋ
122清合jwiengi̯wɛŋiuæŋĭwɛŋwiajŋwiᴇŋiuɛŋʷiɛŋ
123昔開jieki̯ɛk̚iæk̚ĭɛk̚iajk̚iᴇk̚iɛk̚iɛk̚
124昔合jwieki̯wɛk̚iuæk̚ĭwɛk̚wiajk̚wiᴇk̚iuɛk̚ʷiɛk̚
125青開engieŋɛŋieŋɛjŋ
126青合wengiweŋuɛŋiweŋwɛjŋweŋueŋʷeŋ
127錫開ekiek̚ɛk̚iek̚ɛjk̚ek̚ek̚ek̚
128錫合wekiwek̚uɛk̚iwek̚wɛjk̚wek̚uek̚ʷek̚
129登開ongəŋəŋəŋəŋəŋəŋəŋ
130登合wongwəŋuəŋuəŋwəŋwəŋuəŋʷəŋ
131德開okək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚ək̚
132德合wokwək̚uək̚uək̚wək̚wək̚uək̚ʷək̚
曾攝 erng
133ingi̯əŋieŋĭəŋɨŋiəŋɨŋ
134職開iki̯ək̚iek̚ĭək̚ik̚ɨk̚iək̚ɨk̚
135職合wiki̯wək̚iuek̚ĭwək̚wik̚wɨk̚iuək̚ʷɨk̚
流攝 eu
136juwi̯ə̯uiəuĭəuuwɨuiuiu
137uwə̯uəuəuəwəuuəu
138jiwieuieuiəujiwiɪuiĕuɨu
深攝 em
139侵三jimi̯əmjemĭĕmimiɪmiəmim
140侵重鈕三imi̯əmiemĭĕmjimˠiɪmjəmᵚim
141緝三jipi̯əp̚jep̚ĭĕp̚ip̚iɪp̚iəp̚ip̚
142緝重鈕三ipi̯əp̚iep̚ĭĕp̚jip̚ˠiɪp̚jəp̚ᵚip̚
咸攝 am
143amɑmɑmɑmamɑmɑmɑm
144apɑp̚ɑp̚ɑp̚ap̚ɑp̚ɑp̚ɑp̚
145jæmi̯ɐmiɐmĭɐmɨamɨɐmiɐmiɐm
146jomi̯wɐmiɐmĭwɐmuamɨɐmiɐmiɐm
147jæpi̯ɐp̚iɐp̚ĭɐp̚ɨap̚ɨɐp̚iap̚iɐp̚
148jopi̯wɐp̚iɐp̚ĭwɐp̚uap̚ɨɐp̚iɐp̚iɐp̚
149æmamamamaɨmˠamamᵚam
150æpap̚ap̚ap̚aɨp̚ˠap̚ap̚ᵚap̚
151ɛmămɐmɐməɨmˠɛmɐmᵚæm
152ɛpăp̚ɐp̚ɐp̚əɨp̚ˠɛp̚ɐp̚ᵚæp̚
153鹽三jiemi̯ɛmjæmĭɛmiamiᴇmiɛmiɛm
154鹽重鈕三jemi̯ɛmiæmĭɛmjiamˠiᴇmjɛmᵚiɛm
155葉三jiepi̯ɛp̚jæp̚ĭɛp̚iap̚iᴇp̚iɛp̚iɛp̚
156葉重鈕三jepi̯ɛp̚iæp̚ĭɛp̚jiap̚ˠiᴇp̚jɛp̚ᵚiɛp̚
157emiemɛmiemɛmememem
158帖/怗epiep̚ɛp̚iep̚ɛp̚ep̚ep̚ep̚
159omămɒmɒməmʌmᴀməm
160opăp̚ɒp̚ɒp̚əp̚ʌp̚ᴀp̚əp̚

[8]ページ先頭

©2009-2025 Movatter.jp