• (UK)IPA^(key):/əm/

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From thehomographiccase endings of thenominative,accusative, andvocative forms of numerousneuterLatinsecond declension nouns.

-um (plural-a)

1. Denotessingulargrammaticalnumber.
2. (chemistry) Forms the ends of the names of certainelements (such asmolybdenum andplatinum).

• The vast majority of words which feature this suffix also have standard-ums plurals formed by suffixation with the-s plural suffix. However, in such situations, the-s suffix morphologically is additional to and separate from the-um suffix.

Possibly from'em.

-um

1. Denotes transitive verbs in the trade pidgins used between English-speakers and indigenous populations; used derogatorily by extension in English by addition to any verb, transitive or not.
   • 1871, Mrs. Edward Millett,An Australian parsonage; or, The settler and the savage in Western Australia, page129:

     Having finished her return of deaths, she went on to say "Black fellow sick—white lady fowl sendum—white lady kangaroo sendum—master all self eatum—" but here she paused and made an exception in favour of the matron, expressed by the words " Missis not eatum—missis good fellow."

   • 1896, F J Stimsom,King Noanett: A Story of Old Virginia and the Massachusetts Bay, page254:

     "Givum dinner; smokum pipe," was all that we could get out of Quatchett.

(any sense):

• -mu-,MU,Mu,mu

• -em
• -im

FromEnglishhim,'em.

-um

1. Indicates atransitive verb

The suffix to be used is determined byvowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem isu, then the suffix is-um. Otherwise, use-em or-im.

FromLatin-ūmen(action noun suffix), an extended form of-men.

• IPA^(key):(Central,Balearic,Valencia)[ˈum]

-um m

1. used to formnouns, usually with acollective andpejorative connotation

   ‎greix(“grease”) + ‎-um → ‎greixum(“grime, grunge”)

   ‎pixar(“to piss”) + ‎-um → ‎pixum(“piss, urine”)

• “-um”, inGran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana,Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana,2025.

-um (plural-aor-ums)

1. denotessingulargrammaticalnumber of words of Latin origins

• Both the plural forms of-a and-ums are used in everyday language, but the latter is sometimes proscribed against.

• -s

• IPA^(key):/ʊm/

FromLatin-um.

-um n (plural-enor-a)

1. generally unproductive suffix found in neuter nouns of Latin origin

As a variant of-heim through reduction to[əm] and subsequent backing. Compare-em. This is the only origin in most areas, but along the North Sea coast, where the suffix is most frequent, it sometimes goes back toOld Frisian-em, -um(dative plural ending), equivalent to German-en as in-hausen. Distinguishing both origins is often impossible, however.

-um

1. (unproductive)a placename suffix, often analternative form of-heim

FromLatin-um(“2nd declension neuter nominative singular termination”).

• IPA^(key):[um]

-um

1. A distinguishable foreign word-ending innouns of Latin origin. It is not considered an independent Hungarian suffix.

   abszurdum(“absurdity”)

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

• Attila Mártonfi: The System of the Hungarian Suffixes, Theses of PhD Dissertation, Budapest, 2006

-um

1. used to form the dative plural of most nouns, all strong adjectives and most pronouns

   ‎hestur(“horse”) + ‎-um → ‎hestum(“of horses”)

   ‎ríkur(“rich”) + ‎-um → ‎ríkum(“of (the) rich”)

2. used to form the first person plural of verbs in the indicative and subjunctive, past and present

   ‎telja(infinitive) + ‎-um → ‎viðteljum(“wecount orbelieve”)(indicative)

   ‎telja(infinitive) + ‎-um → ‎viðteldum(“we wouldbelieve”)(subjunctive past)

3. used to form someadverbs from nouns or adjectives — it is actually a frozendative

   ‎stund(“time, hour”) + ‎-um → ‎stundum(“sometimes”)

   ‎langur(“long”) + ‎-um → ‎löngum(“oftentimes”)

• (Classical Latin)IPA^(key):/ˈum/,[ˈʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)IPA^(key):/ˈum/,[ˈum]

FromProto-Italic*-om, fromProto-Indo-European*-om(thematic masculine singular accusative and neuter singular nominative and accusative ending).

• -om (conditioned variant used after -v-, -qu-, -gu-, -u-up through the middle of the first century AD)

-um

1. inflection of-us:
   1. accusativemasculinesingular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocativeneutersingular

FromProto-Italic*-om, fromProto-Indo-European*-oHom(genitive plural ending).

• -om (conditioned variant used after -v-, -qu-, -gu-, -u-up through the middle of the first century AD)
• -ûm,-ôm;-ūm,-ōm (variant spellings previously used in specific contexts in New Latin and modern editions of Old/Classical/Late Latin works. See usage notes.)

-um

1. genitive plural ending
   1. Found in-ōrum
   2. Found in-ārum
   3. genitiveplural of-s

Latin genitive plural forms take the ending-um either by itself, or with additional preceding material (generally determined by the word's conjugation class). First and second declension nouns and adjectives usually have genitive plural forms ending in-ārum and-ōrum, but some words can take the short ending-um (without preceding-ār-/-ōr-) instead: this is common with words denoting weights, measures and monetary value and with distributive numerals.^[1][2]

• In the second declension, the short genitive plural in-um can be found:
  • in distributive numerals: e.g.bīnus
  • in names of weights and measures:dēnārius,medimnum,nummus,sēstertius,stadium,talentum
  • indeus anddīvus (the latter having the archaic genitive plural formdivom, spelled with O due to the preceding V)
  • in various other words, especially in poetry
• In the first declension, the short genitive plural in-um can be found:
  • in the Greek-derived measure wordsamphora anddrachma (less frequently thandrachmārum)
  • in dactylic verse, in compounds of-cola and-gena
  • in dactylic verse, in some masculine Greek proper nouns, such as patronymics

The spelling-ûm (or-ôm after V/U), introduced in the Renaissance, is used in some New Latin texts for forms such asamphorûm anddeûm. These forms were misinterpreted as contractions ofamphorārum anddeōrum and were therefore incorrectly assumed to end in -ūm (with a vowel long by nature) in contrast to -ŭm (with a vowel short by nature, as in accusative singulardeum). Compare the use of the circumflex in New Latin to distinguish the ablative ending-â (with long ā) from the nominative/vocative ending-a (with short ă) in first declension singular nouns, or to mark third-person plural perfect forms ending in-ēre, which was assumed to be a "contracted" form of the alternative ending-ērunt (e.g.fuêre, taken to be a contraction offuerent^[3]). However, the assumed distinction in vowel length between genitive pluraldeûm with long ū and accusative singulardeum with short ŭ is outdated: according to modern etymological understanding, all Latin words ending in-um, regardless of their case, number or declension, were pronounced in Classical Latin with a short vowel in the final syllable.^[4][5] Rather than being contractions, second-declension genitive plural forms in-um such asdeum are archaisms showing the original Proto-Indo-European inflection pattern for nouns of this declension.

Third declension words that have genitive plurals ending in-um as an alternative to-ium have also been spelled with-ûm, again with the justification that the shorter ending is interpreted as being a contraction of the longer variant.^[6] Examples arecoelestûm andcaedûm used as spellings of the short genitive plurals ofcoelestis andcaedes (compared to the long formscoelestium andcaedium).^[7]

Aside from the contraction hypothesis, the use of the circumflexed spelling-ûm may additionally have been influenced by the use of the circumflex in the spelling of Greek genitive plural forms ending in -ῶν.^[8]

• -an(late, confused)

-um

1. Used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns

   ‎hund(“dog”) + ‎-um → ‎hundum(“dogs”)

   ‎sċip(“ship”) + ‎-um → ‎sċipum(“ships”)

2. Used to form the strong and weak dative and instrumental plural of adjectives
3. Used to form the strong dative singular of masculine and neuter adjectives

• IPA^(key):/um/

-um (suffixed pronoun)

1. me

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

-um

1. used to form the dative plural of essentially all nouns and adjectives, as well as most pronouns
   • armr →ǫrmum
2. used to denote the 1st person plural forms in the active indicative and imperative forms of most verbs

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key):/-um/

-um

1. First person singular suffix

• -úum(With a- and e-ending verb stems)
• -áam(With a- and e-ending verb stems in Biori)

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-um”, inPalula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives,→ISBN

• -em
• -im

FromEnglishhim,'em.

-um

1. Indicates atransitive verb

The suffix to be used is determined byvowel harmony. If the last vowel in the stem isu, then the suffix is-um. Otherwise, use-em or-im.

Learned borrowing fromLatin-um.

• IPA^(key):/um/
• Rhymes:-um
• Syllabification:[please specify syllabification manually]
• Homophone:um

-um n

1. suffix used in singular forms of Latin neuter borrowings

• -im,-om,-am,-em

FromMiddle English-um, fromOld English-um, dative plural ending used to form adverbials.

-um

1. (rare) Used to form adverbs.

   legim(“astride”)

Probably of jocular formation, based partly on Latin-um and partly an altered form of-in(g)s, a verbal noun ending.

-um

1. Added to nouns or verbs to form nouns withdiminutive orhypocoristic force

-um n

1. ending used for some words of Latin origin

• The plural is usually either-um or rarely,-a, e.g.centrum orcentra. In some words it may also be-er, i.e.centrer, cf.-ium which regularly has a plural on-ier, although sometimes also-ium in colloquial language. The Latin plural ending-a is nowadaysproscribed.

• -ium

• mu

-um

1. First-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.

   okul -okulum

   school - my school

   yol -yolum

   way - my way

2. Conjugation of the verb "to be" for first person singular simple present tense.

   masum -masumum

   innocent - I am innocent

• If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes "-m" (for the possessive suffix)

  soru -sorum

• It's used only when the word's last vowel is "o" or "u". It may change into "-im", "-ım" and "-üm" according to the last vowel of the word. (possessive suffix)

  ev -evim (the last vowel is "e" or "i")

  kız -kızım (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")

  yüz -yüzüm (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")

• If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".

  grup -grubum

  burç -burcum

  periyot -periyodum

  çocuk -çocuğum

• It may cause the last vowel of the word to be dropped.

  burun -burnum

• If the word ends in a vowel, an auxiliary consonant is used ; "y". (for the verb to be)

  mutlu -mutluyum

• It must be used with anapostrophe while using with a proper noun.

  Umut -Umut'um

-um

1. Used to form the comparative form of adjectives.