• (UK)IPA^(key):/əʊ/
• (General Australian)IPA^(key):/əʉ/,[æ̠ʉ~ɐʉ]
• (General American)IPA^(key):/oʊ/
• Homophones:o,owe,oh

Perhaps from a special use of the interjectionO,oh; and/or perhaps fromo(“one”), fromMiddle Englisho,oo, variant ofa,on,oon,an(“one”). Seeone and-y.

• -oh

-o (plural-osor-oes)

1. Acolloquializingsuffix,typicallyappended tonames,abbreviations oflongwords, orsubstantiveuses ofadjectives.

   ‎kid + ‎-o → ‎kiddo

   ‎ugly + ‎-o → ‎uggo

   • 1991,Stephen Fry, chapter III, inThe Liar, London:William Heinemann,→ISBN,page26:

     Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

-o generally does not change the meaning of the word or name but only makes it more colloquial, as withcheapo andJacko. It is often appended toclipped orelided forms of longer words, as withambo andparmo. Occasionally, the terminal consonant of the clipped form is doubled for clarity of meaning or pronunciation, as withuggo anddoggo. It sometimes does change the meaning of words, usually by being applied to adjectives to indicate a person with a pronounced trait, as withweirdo(“weird person”), or to nouns usedmetonymously to indicate a person with a pronounced connection to the other object, as withwino(“poor or vagrant alcoholic”). Especially in American English, some uses of this suffix are understood as dated slang, as withbucko andneato. The suffix is most frequently and widely encountered in Australian English, which has additional uses (such asrego forregistration andnasho fornational service) that are never or only extremely rarely encountered in other dialects.

Its meaning is very similar to some uses of-y and its use is particularly common where use of-y might cause misunderstanding, as withrandy andrando,journey andjourno,whiny andwino.

• -ie,-y

From manySpanish orItalian words that end ino. This ending in such Spanish or Italian words generally derives from-um, the accusative singular inflectional ending for masculine and neuter nouns in Latin.

-o

1. (humorous)Converts certain words tofaux Italian or Spanish. Can be used withSpanishel for expressions such asel stinko.

   no problemo

• problemo
• stinko
• enduro

Rebracketing oftypo.

-o (plural-os)

1. Added toverbstems to create anoun describing anerror relating to the action described by the verb.

• IPA^(key):/-ˈo/ [-ˈɔ]

-ó

1. Used to formfemininenouns fromverbs.

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015)L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key):/ɔ/

-ó

1. Creates a second-person singular activeimperative verb form from a non-verb.

   ‎áfër(“close, nearby”,adverb/preposition) + ‎-o → ‎afró!(“bring closer”)

   ‎báraz(“equal”,adverb) + ‎-o → ‎barazó!(“eqalize!”)

   ‎kráhas(“arm in arm, side by side”,adverb/preposition) + ‎-o → ‎krahasó!(“compare!”)

   ‎pástër(“clean”,adjective/adverb) + ‎-o → ‎pastró!(“cleanse”)

   ‎zhúrmë(“noise”,noun) + ‎-o → ‎zhurmó!(“make a noise, scream!”)

-o

2. Alternative form ofo

[1] Common to the masculine singular of the Romance languages, such as Italian (amico), the neuter singular common to all Slavic languages (окно(okno)), and the vowel of the Greek second declension syllabic nucleus -o, from which Greek and Esperanto plural -oj is also derived.

[2] Perhaps from [1]; cf. Italianquello 'that', Russianто(to) 'then'

• IPA^(key):/o/
• Rhymes:-o
• Hyphenation: -o

• Audio:

  (file)

-o

1. Nominal suffix. Most Esperantonouns end in-o. (A few nouns end in-aŭ, and with some writers some feminine names end in-a.) The default vowel ending on the first element of a compound word, regardless of part of speech.
   • amiko(“friend”)
   • patro(“father”)
   • vorto(“word”)
2. -thing. (correlative ending.)
   • kio(“what?, what”)
   • tio(“that”)
   • ĉio(“everything”)
   • io(“something”)
   • nenio(“nothing”)

Conflated:

• fromProto-Finnic*-o (forms action/result nouns), fromProto-Uralic*-w (as applied to stems ending in-a).
• fromProto-Finnic*-oi (variant/diminutive), fromProto-Uralic*-j (diminutive ending); the-o- is a re-extraction from the suffix being applied to stems ending in-a which was labialized by-j.

-o (front vowel harmony variant-ö,linguistic notation-O)

1. Forms result or action nouns from verbs.

   ‎huutaa(“shout”) + ‎-o → ‎huuto(“shout”)

   ‎keittää(“boil, cook”) + ‎-o → ‎keitto(“cooking; soup”)

   ‎nähdä(“see”) + ‎-o → ‎näkö(“vision”)(ability to see)

2. Forms variants or diminutives from a few nominal roots.

   ‎hilla(“cloudberry”) + ‎-o → ‎hillo(“jam”)

   ‎lehti(“leaf”) + ‎-o → ‎lehto(“grove”)

   ‎tasa(“level”) + ‎-o → ‎taso(“plane”)

• Used deverbally especially with those verbs whose dictionary form (first infinitive) ends with-aa or-ää. Somewhat unusually, the front-vowel form-ö is used only with stems that contain what is considered a front vowel under harmony, i.e.-ä-,-ö- or-y-; if it only contains neutral vowels (e,i), the back-vocalic form-o is used, even though such words or stems have front vowel harmony by default.

Note that if the stem has gradation, it is (almost always) preserved.

• -u
• -uu

-o

1. postpositive form ofo

Analogically extended from various clippings with etymologicalo, such asvélo,resto <vélocipède,restaurant. Its pronunciation perhaps had input from-aud.

• IPA^(key):/o/

-o(informal)

1. Added to a clipped noun or adjective

• hosto

(Thisetymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at theEtymology scriptorium.)

-o

1. (inflectional suffix)forms thelocative case

• -no(“forms locative”)

• -na(“forms dative”)
• -ko(“forms accusative”)
• -chi(“forms instrumental”)
• -ni(“forms genitive”)

-o

1. Romanization of-𐍉

FromEsperanto-o, fromRomance languages.

-o

1. Nominal suffix. All Idonouns end in-o.

FromProto-Finnic*-o. Cognates includeFinnish-o.

• (Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key):/-o/,[-o̞]
• (Soikkola)IPA^(key):/-o/,[-o̞]

-o (front vowel variant-ö)

2. Used to formresult oraction nouns fromverbs.
4. (rare)Used to form nouns denoting something related to the suffixed noun.

FromProto-Finnic*-oi. Cognates includeFinnish-o.

• (Ala-Laukaa)IPA^(key):/-o/,[-o̞]
• (Soikkola)IPA^(key):/-oi̯/,[-o̞i̯]

-o (front vowel variant-ö)

2. Used to formdiminutives.

Inherited fromLatin-us, fromProto-Indo-European*-os(creates action nouns from verbs).

-o m (noun-forming suffix,plural-i)

2. (productive)used with a stem to form amasculinesingularnoun, usually adeverbal

   Synonym:-a