皇后

Chinese

		divine,imperial;emperor	empress;queen
simp. andtrad. (皇后)		皇	后

Etymology

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"The British Queen": Originated from early translation errors. In the past, only men could become the emperor of China (with the only exception ofWu Zetian, who became the empress by usurping the throne), and therefore the local translators at that time had no concept of "queen regnant" in Western society, thus assuming that the word "queen" in English only meant "queen consort".

Pronunciation

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Mandarin
(Pinyin):huánghòu
(Zhuyin):ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄡˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong,Jyutping):wong⁴ hau⁶
(Taishan,Wiktionary):vong³ heu⁵
Hakka
(Sixian,PFS):fòng-heu
(Hailu,HRS):fong heu^˖
Southern Min
(Hokkien,POJ):hông-hō͘ /hông-hiǒ /hông-hiō
(Teochew,Peng'im):huang⁵ hou⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin:huánghòu
  - Zhuyin:ㄏㄨㄤˊ ㄏㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin:huánghòu
  - Wade–Giles:huang²-hou⁴
  - Yale:hwáng-hòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh:hwanghow
  - Palladius:хуанхоу(xuanxou)
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese,Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping:wong⁴ hau⁶
  - Yale:wòhng hauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin:wong⁴ hau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization:wong⁴ heo⁶
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/wɔːŋ²¹ hɐu̯²²/
- (Taishanese,Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary:vong³ heu⁵
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/vɔŋ²² heu³²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl.Miaoli andNeipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ:fòng-heu
  - Hakka Romanization System:fong^ˇ heu
  - Hagfa Pinyim:fong² heu⁴
  - SinologicalIPA:/foŋ¹¹ heu̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl.Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System:fong heu^˖
  - SinologicalIPA:/foŋ⁵⁵ heu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien:Xiamen,Zhangzhou,variant inTaiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hông-hō͘
  - Tâi-lô:hông-hōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun:hongho
  - IPA (Zhangzhou):/hɔŋ¹³⁻²² hɔ²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hɔ³³/
  - IPA (Taipei):/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen):/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔ²²/
- (Hokkien:Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hông-hiǒ
  - Tâi-lô:hông-hiǒ
  - IPA (Quanzhou):/hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hio²²/
- (Hokkien:GeneralTaiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī:hông-hiō
  - Tâi-lô:hông-hiō
  - Phofsit Daibuun:honghioi
  - IPA (Taipei):/hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hio³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung):/hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hiɤ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im:huang⁵ hou⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like:huâng hŏu
  - SinologicalIPA^(key):/huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/

Middle Chinese:hwang huwH

Rime
Character	皇	后
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡光切	胡遘切
Baxter	hwang	huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/	/ɦəu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/	/ɦəu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ɣəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/	/ɦəw^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ɣu^H/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ɣəu^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/	/ɣə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng	hòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong⁴	hau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart):/*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ ɢˤ(r)oʔ/
(Zhengzhang):/*ɡʷaːŋ ɡoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皇	后
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huáng	hòu
Middle Chinese	‹ hwang ›	‹ huw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*ɢˁ(r)oʔ/
English	sovereign	sovereign; queen
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皇	后
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	12696	5172
Phonetic component	王	后
Rime group	陽	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	黃	𠋫
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːŋ/	/*ɡoːs/
Notes	禮王制鄭注冕屬，金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文