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Wiktionary

'n

Contents

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Contraction ofand.

Conjunction

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'n

  1. Nonstandard spelling of'n'.
    fish'n chips
    rock'n roll
    • 1927,Arthur D[ouglas] Howden Smith, “The Ferryman”, inCommodore Vanderbilt: An Epic of American Achievement, New York, N.Y.:Robert M[edill] McBride & Company, section III,pages50–51:
      “Might think we was brother'n sister, to hear ye, Ma! Damn me to glory, don't ye know thar's fust cousins marryin' every week? And no harm come of it.”[] “Oh, son, not in the face of Pa'n me that love you, whatever you think! We're only tryin' to figger for your own good.”

Etymology 2

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Conjunction

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'n

  1. Contraction ofthan.
    • 1865, Mark Twain,The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County:
      The feller took the box again, and took another long, particular look, and give it back to Smiley, and says, very deliberate, "Well, I don't see no p'ints about that frog that's any better'n any other frog."
    • 1969, Anne Warner,Susan Clegg and her friend Mrs. Lathrop, page87:
      She says you may laugh 'f you feel so inclined, but there ain't no such big difference between your leg 'n' a dead rat but what it 'll pay you to mark her words. She says 'f it don't do no more'n eat the skin off it 'll still be pretty hard for you to lay there without no skin 'n' feel the plaster goin' in more 'n' more.
    • 2004, Intelligent Systems, translated by Nintendo of America,Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door, Nintendo, GameCube, level/area: Glitzville:
      lock this room up tighter'n a peanut butter jar at a squirrel convention
    • 2010, Arnan Heyden,Daughters of Agendale, page228:
      What I can give ya is this bit o' knowledge: there be things in this world that no one can explain. There are things bigger'n mountains, bigger 'n oceans, bigger 'n fields an' night skies filled with stars, bigger 'n kings, or queens…

Etymology 3

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Conjunction

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'n

  1. (archaic)Contraction ofwhen. (As found inif'n.)

Etymology 4

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Noun

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'n (plural'ns)

  1. (colloquial)Alternative form of'un(one, a thing)
    • 2009, Mariella Glenn Hartsfield,Tall Betsy and Dunce Baby: South Georgia Folktales, page104:
      The other said, "Alright, I'm gonna do it like this: you take this'n, I'll take that'n; you take this'n, I'll take that'n;[]
    • 2012, Liza Cody,Musclebound, page15:
      Which really did turn into a headache when I woke up — a bad'n.

Afrikaans

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Etymology

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FromDutcheen, 'n.

Pronunciation

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Article

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'n (indefinite)

  1. (indefinite article)a,an

Usage notes

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  • This word is not capitalized at the beginning of a sentence and the following word is capitalized instead.

Asturian

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Preposition

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'n

  1. (obsolete)Contraction ofen.
    Toi viviendo'n Cangues
    I'm livingin Cangues

Usage notes

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While this contraction still reflects the elision that often occurs inen when it is between a word ending in a vowel and a word beginning in a consonant, this spelling was dropped by the Academy of the Asturian Language in 1990. Thus, the normative spelling of the above example is nowToi viviendoen Cangues.

See also

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Bavarian

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Etymology 1

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Merged unstressed form ofan anden orden.

Article

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'n m

  1. a(accusative)
  2. the(accusative)
See also
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Bavarian articles
singularplural
masculineneuterfeminine
stressedunstressedstressedunstressedstressedunstressedstressedunstressed
definitenominativeder,dadas,es,des'sded'ded'
accusativeen,den'n
dativeem,dem'mem,dem'mder,da
genitive1desdesder,dader,da
indefinitenominativeaaa
accusativean'n
dativeam'mam'ma,ana'na

1 higher, formal register

Etymology 2

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Unstressed form ofeam.

Pronoun

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'n

  1. him
  2. it(dative)
See also
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Bavarian personal pronouns
nominativeaccusativedative
stressedunstressedstressedunstressedstressedunstressed
1st person singularimimia (mir)ma
2nd person singularinformaldudidia (dir)da
formalSieEahnaEahna
3rd person singularmeraeahm'neahm'n
nes,des'sdes's
fse,de'sse'sihr
1st person pluralmia (mir)maunsuns
2nd person plural,ihrenk,eichenk,eich
3rd person pluralse'seahnaeahna

Catalan

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Pronoun

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'n

  1. Contraction ofne.

Usage notes

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  • 'n is the reduced (reduïda) form of the pronoun. It is used after verbs ending with avowel.

Declension

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Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subjectweak (direct object)weak (indirect object)possessive
procliticencliticprocliticenclitic
singular1st
person
standardjo,mi3em,m’-me,’mem,m’-me,’mmeu
majestic1nósens-nos,’nsens-nos,’nsnostre
2nd
person
standardtuet,t’-te,’tet,t’-te,’tteu
formal1vósus-vos,-usus-vos,-usvostre
very formal2vostèel,l’-lo,’lli-liseu
3rd
person
mellel,l’-lo,’lli-liseu
fellala,l’4-lali-liseu
nho-holi-liseu
plural
1st personnosaltresens-nos,’nsens-nos,’nsnostre
2nd
person
standardvosaltresus-vos,-usus-vos,-usvostre
formal2vostèsels-los,’lsels-los,’lsseu
3rd
person
mellsels-los,’lsels-los,’lsseu
fellesles-lesels-los,’lsseu
3rd person reflexivesies,s’-se,’ses,s’-se,’sseu
adverbialablative/genitiveen,n’-ne,’n
locativehi-hi

1 Behaves grammatically as plural.  2 Behaves grammatically as third person.
3 Only as object of a preposition.  4 Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Article

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'n

  1. Contraction ofeen.

Notes

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If'n begins a sentence, the first letter of the following word is capitalised instead.

Franco-Provençal

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Determiner

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'n

  1. Clipping ofun

German

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/n/,/ən/
  • IPA(key):/m/(often before a labial),/ŋ/(often before a velar)

Etymology 1

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Contraction ofein. Like virtually all traditional German dialects, colloquial standard German distinguishes the indefinite article from the numeral for "one". The specific form'n has spread from the North southward and is thus of chieflyLow German origin. MostHigh German dialects use forms without the final-n, such as[ə] or[a], at least for the basic form (i.e. the masculine and neuter nominative). These pronunciations are sometimes heard in colloquial standard German as well, but'n is clearly the commonest form.

Article

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'n

  1. (colloquial)Alternative form ofein(a, an)
  2. (colloquial)Alternative form ofeinen(a, an)
Declension
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Contraction ofdenn.

Adverb

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'n

  1. (colloquial) short fordenn (used for general emphasis)
    Wann wärst'n hier?
    So, when would you be here?

Italian

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Etymology 1

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Preposition

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'n

  1. (literary)Alternative form ofin
  2. (colloquial)Pronunciation spelling ofin.

Etymology 2

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Article

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'n m

  1. (colloquial)Pronunciation spelling ofun.

Numeral

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'n m

  1. (colloquial)Pronunciation spelling ofun.

Etymology 3

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Adverb

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'n

  1. (colloquial)Pronunciation spelling ofnon.

Ligurian

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Etymology

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Apheresis ofun(a, an,article).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ŋ/(when followed by a consonant)
  • IPA(key):/n/(when followed by a vowel)

Article

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'n m (feminine'na,'n')

  1. a,an(male)

Low German

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Article

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'n

  1. Contraction ofden.

Pronoun

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'n

  1. Contraction ofen.

North Frisian

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Pronoun

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'n

  1. (Föhr-Amrum,Mooring)Reduced form ofham(him)
  2. (Sylt)Reduced form ofhöm(him)

See also

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Personal and possessive pronouns (Föhr-Amrum dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casemasculine referentfeminine / neuter referentplural referent
fullreducedfullreducedattributiveindependent
singular1stik'kmimanminminen
2nddidandindinen
3rdmhi'rham'nsansinsinen
f ornhatat,'tat,'t
plural1stwi'füsüüsüüsen
üsens
2ndjam'mjamjaujauen
jamens
3rdjo'sjo'shörhören
hörens
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • At is not enclitic; it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • Dual formswat / onk andjat / jonk are obsolete, as is feminine / hör.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.
  • The formsüsens,jamens,hörens are used optionally (and decreasingly) when the possessor is a larger community, such as a village, city or nation.
Personal and possessive pronouns (Mooring dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casemasculine
referent
feminine / neuter / plural
referent
fullreducedfullreduced
singular1stik'kmemanmin
2nddedandin
3rdmhi'rham'nsansin
f'shar'sharnhar
nhatet,'thamet,'tsansin
plural1stweüsüüsenüüs
2ndjam'mjamjarnge
3rdja'sja,jam'sjare

The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. is deleted altogether in such contexts.
Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
Dual formswat / unk andjat / junk are obsolete. Attributive and independent possessives are not distinguished in Mooring.

Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
personalpossessive
subject caseobject casesingular
referent
plural referent
fullreducedfullreducedattributiveindependent
singular1stik'kmiminminen
2nddidindinen
3rdmhi'rhöm'nsinsinen
f'shöör'shöörhöören
nhatet,'thömet,'tsinsinen
dual1stwatunkunkunken
2ndatjunkjunkjunken
3rdjatjam'sjaarjaaren
plural1stüüsüüsüüsen
2ndijuujuujuuen
3rdja'sjam'sjaarjaaren
  • The reduced forms with an apostrophe areenclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. is deleted altogether in such contexts.
  • Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject formhat is now rarely used. Inreflexive use, only full object forms occur.
  • The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
  • Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Sicilian

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Etymology

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Apheresis ofin, fromLatinin.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key):/ŋ/(when followed by a consonant)
  • IPA(key):/n/(when followed by a vowel)

Preposition

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'n

  1. in

Welsh

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Particle

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'n

  1. Alternative form ofyn(used after a vowel).
    Mae hi'n darllen.She is reading.
    Mae hi'n gysglyd.She is sleepy.
    Mae hi'n ferch.She is a girl.

Etymology 2

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Contraction ofein(our).

Determiner

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'n (triggersh-prothesis of a following vowel)

  1. our(used after vowels).
    Dyna'n harian ni.
    That'sour money.

Pronoun

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'n (triggersh-prothesis of a following vowel)

  1. us(as the direct object of a verbal noun or verb)
    Mae e yma i'n harfarnu.
    He's here to appraiseus.
    Fe'n magwyd yng ngefn gwlad.
    We were brought up (lit. One broughtus up) in the countryside.

Usage notes

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  • In formal Welsh, the contraction'n is a valid form ofein found after mostly functional vowel-final words. In colloquial Welsh,ein is often contracted to'n after almost any vowel-final word.
  • Pronomial'n (andein) can occur before any verbal noun. Before verbal, pronomial'n is found only in formal language after certain vowel-final preverbal particles, such asfe,a,ni,na,oni andpe.

Further reading

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  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “'n”, inGeiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zealandic

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Etymology

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An unstressed variety ofeên.

Determiner

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'n

  1. a (indefinite article)
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