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Xide County 喜德县 •ꑝꅇꑤ
County
Location of Xide County (red) within Liangshan Prefecture (yellow) and Sichuan
Xide Location of the seat in Sichuan Show map of Sichuan Xide Xide (China) Show map of China
Coordinates:28°18′25″N102°24′47″E / 28.307°N 102.413°E /28.307; 102.413
Country	China
Province	Sichuan
Autonomous prefecture	Liangshan
County seat	Guangming
Area
• Total	2,206 km2 (852 sq mi)
Population  (2020)[1]
• Total	158,139
• Density	71.69/km2 (185.7/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Website	www.scxd.gov.cn

Xide County (Chinese:喜德县,Yi:ꑝꅇꑤ) is acounty in the south ofSichuan Province,China. It is under the administration of theLiangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. It is located in the southwestern mountainous area of theSichuan Basin, in the north-central area ofLiangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Xide County is bounded in the east byZhaojue County, in the south byXichang, in the west byMianning County, and in the north byYuexi County. As of 2020, it has an estimatedpopulation of 158,000 covering a total area of 2,206 square kilometers. The northern dialect ofYi language is commonly used, and the Yi language ofSichuan is based on the pronunciation of Xide County.

From theHan dynasty to theWei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties, the northern part of Xide belonged toTaitung County,^{[citation needed]} the southern part belonged to Sushi County,^{[citation needed]} and the area around Beishan Township belonged toQiong Du County. At the beginning of theTang Dynasty, the Xide area belonged toYueqi County, and later changed toJingzhou. At the end of theTang Dynasty, it belonged toNanzhao, and Nanzhao changedZhangzhou toJianchang House.Dali set up two forest departments between Taiping and Qiang Du, and the county belonged to it. In theYuan Dynasty, the Xide area belonged to Luo Luos Xuanwei Division, Jianchang Road, and Qiang Du Prefecture, while the Yi area belonged to theTusi surnamed Ling. In theMing Dynasty, the northern part of Xide belonged toNingfan Wei, and the southern part belonged to Jianchang Wei. In 1730, Mianshan branch was established in Mianshan,Mianning County. In the early years of theRepublic of China, Xide belonged to three counties ofXichang, Mianning, and Yueqi. In 1938,Zhaojue County, Mianning County and Yueqi County were analyzed and set up in Ningdong. In 1939, it was transferred to the newly establishedXikang Province. In 1941, the Beishan Model Political Guidance Area was established. In 1950,Jingyuan District, the fourth district of Mianning County, was established.^[2]

In 1951, the southwest of the former Ningdong Administrative Bureau and the Beishan Model Political Guidance District merged to establish the Hongmao Magu Yi Autonomous Region in Xichang County. In 1952, Xichang County belonged to Hongmao Magu Yi Autonomous Region and Mianning County belonged to the fourth district merged to establish Xide County, which belongs toLiangshan Yi Autonomous Region. In 1955, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Region was changed to Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and was placed underSichuan Province.^[2] In November 2020, Sichuan Province approved Xide County to withdraw from poverty-stricken counties.^[3] Xide in north central Liangshan was once classified as a national-level poverty-stricken county. In November 2020, Sichuan's provincial government announced that the seven remaining impoverished counties in the prefecture, including Xide County, had removed their "hats of poverty" after five painstaking years of targetedpoverty alleviation work.

Xide County is located in the northern section of the north–southYunnan tectonic belt.^{[citation needed]} Folds and faults coexist in the territory, and therock strata in the territory cross thestratigraphic area in the asbestos stratigraphic district and the oblique stratigraphic area in Mishi.^{[citation needed]} The terrain is high in the northeast and low in the southwest, and the mountains and rivers are mostly north–south. The highest point is located in the main peak of Erze Russia inXiaoxiangling, with analtitude of 4500.4 meters, and the lowest point is located in Hong Shinzui, Lizi Township, with an altitude of 1580 meters. Ditch and dam account for 3.82%, which is the mainrice producing area; The mesa accounts for 0.86%, which is the mainpotato producing area; Deep hills accounted for 0.39%; low and medium mountains accounted for 34.42%; Moderate mountains account for 60%, with a large number of natural grasslands and forests; Mountain plains account for 0.34%, mostly high-altitude natural grasslands with flat terrain; High mountains account for 0.17%, mainly distributed in the Erze Russia area at the southern end of theXiaoxiang Mountains.^[4]

The existing vegetation in Xide County is mostly artificial afforestation and afforestation by aircraft planting. There are more than 270 kinds ofvegetation, and there are more than 100 kinds of common tree species in more than 70 families. The total forest area is more than 1.689 million mu, including 840,000 mu (56,000 hectares) of aircraft planting forest, more than 600,000 mu (40,000 ha) of natural forest, and 108,000 mu (7,200 ha) of farmland converted to forest. National first- and second-level protected animals includemacaques,pangolins,Asian black bears,red pandas,leopards, andcivet cats, and first-level national protected plants include yew and dove tree. The total amount of water resources in the county is 2.418 billion cubic meters, and the annual runoff is 1.38 billion cubic meters. The theoretical reserves ofhydropower resources are 380,760 kilowatts, and the exploitable capacity is 128,440 kilowatts.^[5]

The climate of Xide County belongs to the transition zone between theYajiang warm temperate zone and thesubtropical climate zone ofXichang and Batang. It is dry but not cold in winter and cool but rainy in summer. The complextopography in the county results in an obvious three-dimensional climate. The annual average temperature is 14 °C, the average temperature in July is 20.8 °C, and the average temperature in January is 5.7 °C. The average annual sunshine hours is 2016 hours, and the average annual rainfall is 1034.2 mm. The rainfall from mid-May to mid-October accounts for 87.3% of the annual rainfall.^[6]

Xide County comprises 7towns and 6townships.

In 2018, the birth rate of Xide County was 15.26‰, the death rate was 4.57‰, and the natural population growth rate was 10.69‰.^[10] At the time of the seventh national census in 2020, the resident population of Xide County was 158,139.^[11] Among them, men accounted for 50.58%, women accounted for 49.42, and the sex ratio was 102.35.^[12] 0–14 years old accounted for 33.62%, 15–59 years old accounted for 56.96%, over 60 years old accounted for 9.42%, of which over 65 years old accounted for 7.25%.^[13]

There are mainly four ethnic groups in Xide County:Yi,Han,Hui, andTibetan. The majority of the population in Xide County is Yi, accounting for 91.49% of the total population in 2018.^[10] Agriculture is the mainstay, andanimal husbandry is supplemented. Since the earlyQing Dynasty, the number of Hui people who moved to Minzhu Village, Mianshan Town, increased from 78 people in 13 households in 1985 to 101 people in 2006; Xide Tibetan people moved in fromShigatse, Tibet, and stayed inHong Kong. Xuejia Baozi, the second group of Sijin Village, Mozhen, has been through 9 generations, and in 2006 there were 17 households with 66 people.^[14]

In 2018, the GDP of Xide County was 2,392.08 millionyuan, of which the added value of the primary industry was 750.75 million yuan, the added value of the secondary industry was 668.39 million yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry was 972.94 million yuan. The three industrial structures were 31.39 yuan: 27.94: 40.67. In 2018, the per capitaGDP of residents in the county was 12,909 yuan, and the per capita disposable income was 12,579 yuan, including 24,270 yuan for urban residents and 8,703 yuan for rural residents.^[10]

In 2018, the agricultural added value of Xide County was 750.75 million yuan, the grain sown area was 20,415 hectares, and the total grain output was 83,215 tons; 140,664 pigs, 8,600 cattle, 143,609 sheep, and 14,769 tons of meat were produced; 98,182 cattle, 21,927 cattle and 155,047 sheep. The output ofSichuan pepper is 800 tons, the output of walnut is 1,553 tons, and the output of chestnut is 63 tons. [10]

In 2018, the industrial added value of Xide County was 335.14 million yuan, accounting for 14.0% of the regional GDP. There are 7 industrial enterprises above designated size, with a total industrial output value of 290 million yuan and an increase of 9.2% in industrial added value. The power consumption of industrial enterprises was 71.52 million kWh, the output of raw iron ore was 90,000 tons, the output of finished products was 48,000 tons, and the output offerroalloy was 6,000 tons. The added value of the construction industry was 333.25 million yuan, accounting for 13.9% of the regional GDP.^[10]

In 2018, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Xide County was 910.35 million yuan, the added value of the wholesale and retail industry was 137.96 million yuan, accounting for 5.8% of the regional GDP, and the added value of the accommodation and catering industry was 151.33 million yuan, accounting for 151.33 million yuan in the regional GDP. 6.3% of the value. The retail sales in the urban market was 534.49 million yuan, and the retail sales in the rural market was 358.18 million yuan. In the industry structure, the retail sales were 749.24 million yuan, the accommodation industry was 16.68 million yuan, and the catering industry retail sales were 126.75 million yuan.^[10]

In 2018, themileage of rural roads in Xide County was 1,342.7 kilometers, including 61 kilometers of national roads, 113.4 kilometers of provincial roads, 166 kilometers of county and township roads, 825.3 kilometers of village roads, and 177 kilometers of special roads. There are 44 kilometers of highways above grade 3 and 109 kilometers of roads of grade 4. There is 1 road transport enterprise, 208 operating vehicles with a total of 2,037 vehicles, 17 rural passenger lines, 3 cross-line lines inLinxian County, and 50 taxis operating within the county. The annual passenger turnover was 56.54 million people/km, and the freight turnover was 169.48 million tons/km.^[10]

The total land area of Xide County is 3,309,760.8 mu (220,650.72 hectares), of which 391,825.8 mu (26,121.72 ha) is cultivated land, most of which are dry land, and paddy fields are distributed in the valleys of ditch and dam. There are 10,242.3 mu (682.820 ha) of garden land, accounting for 0.3% of the county area; 1,581,252.3 mu (105,416.82 ha) of forest land, accounting for 47.7% of the county area; 1,109,685.15 mu (73,979.0100 ha) of pasture land, accounting for 33.5% of the county area; 26,533.5 mu (1,768.90 ha) of residential and mining land, accounting for 0.8% of the county area; transportation land is 23,084.85 mu (1,538.990 ha), accounting for 0.7% of the county area; water area is 96,559.59 mu (6,437.306 ha), accounting for 2.9% of the county area; unused land is 70,576.95 mu (4,705.130 ha), accounting for 2.1% of the county area.^[5]

There are various soil types in Xide County, including 33,200 mu (2,210 ha) of paddy soil, 34,508 mu (2,300.5 ha) of fluvo-aquic soil, 1,857,524 mu (123,834.9 ha) of purple soil, 182,065 mu (12,137.7 ha) of red loam, 411,893 mu (27,459.5 ha) of yellow-brown loam, 256,591 mu (17,106.1 ha) of dark brown loam, and mountain calcification. The soil is 25,655 mu (1,710.3 ha), the mountain meadow soil is 365,897 mu (24,393.1 ha), the subalpine meadow soil is 25,170 mu (1,678 ha), and the limestone soil is 16,123 mu (1,074.9 ha).^[5]

More than 40mineral deposits have been found in Xide County, includingiron,copper,lead,zinc,tin and other metal minerals;arsenic, fluorite, dolomite, silica, granite, feldspar, basalt, tuff, sandstone for construction, Non-metallic minerals such as shale for bricks and tiles; energy minerals such as coal and geothermal hot springs. Among them, dolomite, granite, marble, basalt, and sandstone for construction have reached the scale of medium-sized or above, and all of them are small-scale mines.^[15]

The Wuhe Tomb in Xide County is listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit in China, and the Dengxiangying Ancient Post Station and Xide Deng Mansion are listed as Sichuan provincial key cultural relics protection units. Xide Yi Kezhi and Yi lacquer decoration skills were included in the second batch of China's national intangible cultural heritage list, and were awarded the title of "Hometown of Yi Lacquerware" by China'sNational Ethnic Affairs Commission and Liangshan Prefecture Government.^[16]

In 2018, there were 76schools of all levels and types in Xide County, including 23 kindergartens, 10,952 students, 279 faculty members, and 163 full-time teachers; 46 primary schools, 28,493 students and 1,415 faculty members. There are 1,329 full-time teachers; 5 junior high schools, 8,512 students, 225 faculty members, and 222 full-time teachers; 3 nine-year schools with 2,484 students, 206 faculty members, and 285 full-time teachers; There are 2 complete middle schools with 2,667 students, 299 faculty members and 291 full-time teachers.^[14] Among the county's population, college education accounted for 4.572%, high school education accounted for 4.657%, junior high school education accounted for 19.534%, and primary school education accounted for 40.316%.^[17]

• Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture
• Amdo
• County-level divisions of Sichuan

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