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| Wat Suthat Thepwararam Ratchaworamahawihan | |
|---|---|
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| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhism |
| Location | |
| Location | 146Bamrung Mueang Rd, Wat Ratchabophit,Phra Nakhon, Bangkok |
| Country | Thailand |
  Shown within Bangkok | |
| Coordinates | 13°45′04″N100°30′04″E / 13.751028°N 100.501004°E /13.751028; 100.501004 |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | KingRama I |
| Completed | 1847/1848; 178 years ago (1848) |
Wat Suthat Thepwararam (Thai:วัดสุทัศนเทพวราราม;Thai pronunciation:[wátsù.tʰâttʰêːp.pʰá.wát.rāː.rāːm]) is a Buddhist temple in Bangkok, Thailand. It is classified as a first-class royal temple, one of ten such temples in Bangkok (and twenty-three in Thailand). It is a temple located within the InnerRattanakosin area, distinguished by theGiant Swing that stands directly in front of it.
Construction was begun by KingRama I in 1807. The temple was originally called "Wat Maha Sutthawat" (วัดมหาสุทธาวาส) and was built in a grove ofCombretum trees. Further construction and decoration were carried out under KingRama II, who personally helped carve the wooden doors, but the complex was not completed until the reign of KingRama III in 1847 or 1848.
The temple enshrines the Buddha image Phra Si Sakyamuni (พระศรีศากยมุนี;RTGS: Phra Si Sakkayamuni), which was transferred fromSukhothai Province. Around the lower terrace of the main base are twenty-eight Chinesepagodas symbolizing the twenty-eight Buddhas of Theravada tradition. Wat Suthat also houses Phra Buddha Trilokachet (พระพุทธไตรโลกเชษฐ์;RTGS: Phra Phuttha Trai Lokkachet) in theubosot (ordination hall), and Phra Buddha Setthamuni (พระพุทธเศรษฐมุนี;RTGS: Phra Phuttha Setthamuni) in thesala kan parian, the preaching and assembly hall.
In 2005, the temple was submitted toUNESCO for consideration as a futureWorld Heritage Site.
In the earlyRattanakosin period, KingPhutthayotfa Chulalok (Rama I) ordered the construction of a new temple within the inner city of Bangkok. In 1807 it was given the initial name "Wat Mahasuthawas". The site lay in low-lying land known as Dong Sakae, so the ground was first filled in and then the temple was built. Construction began with the mainvihāra, which was intended to enshrine the large Buddha image Phra Si Sakyamuni (commonly called Phra To), transferred from the greatvihāra of Wat Mahathat in Sukhothai. However, King Rama I died before the temple had been formally established as a monastery, and it therefore became popularly known as Wat Phra To, Wat Phra Yai, or WatSao Ching Cha.
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During the reign of KingPhutthaloetla Naphalai (Rama II), work on the temple was resumed, and the king himself carved the wooden doors of thevihāra. He too passed away before the project was completed. The construction of the temple was finally brought to completion in 1847, in the reign of KingNangklao (Rama III), who conferred on it the official name "Wat Suthat Thepwararam", although contemporary chronicles record the form "Wat Suthat Theptharam". Under KingMongkut (Rama IV), the principal Buddha images in thevihāra,ubosot (ordination hall), and preaching hall were given harmonized names: Phra Si Sakyamuni, Phra Buddha Trilokachet, and Phra Phuttha Sretthamuni respectively.
Within Wat Suthat Thepwararam stands the royal memorial to KingAnanda Mahidol (Rama VIII). His royal ashes were enshrined in 1950 in the decorative cloth panel (pha thip) at the front of the throne base of Phra Si Sakyamuni, and an annual royal merit-making ceremony commemorating the anniversary of his death is held there on 9 June.
Theubosot of Wat Suthat is regarded as the longest ordination hall in Thailand. Its principal image, Phra Buddha Trilokachet, is a Buddha in theMaravijaya (subduing Mara) posture. Both the ubosot and this image date to the reign of King Rama III. The inner walls are covered with mural paintings executed by court artists of that period. The door and window frames are topped with spired pediments in the form of miniature chedis, giving them a distinctive and highly refined appearance.
Around the ubosot stand eight boundary-stone shrines (sema), set upon the surrounding cloister wall. Each contains a pair of grey marble boundary stones carved with a three-headed elephant, each trunk holding a closed lotus bud, with three open lotus blossoms above. On the north and south sides of the cloister wall there are four raised pavilions on each side, used as royal platforms for scattering alms to the people during state ceremonies; these are known as "koi proi than", or alms-scattering pavilions.
The temple dates back to the beginning of theRattanakosin Kingdom. At that time, it was said that apreta (Thai:เปรต,pret), a kind ofundead being in Buddhist andSiamese belief, often depicted as a tall, thin, hungry ghost with a terrifying howling cry, would appear in front of the temple at night. One mural inside the ordination hall also depicts a preta lying down to receive water from monks. This gave rise to the saying"Pret Wat Suthat" (เปรตวัดสุทัศน์), often paired with"Raeng Wat Saket" (แร้งวัดสระเกศlit. 'vultures ofWat Saket'). In front of the temple stands theSao Chingcha, or Giant Swing, a towering Hindu-style structure.
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13°45′2″N100°30′4″E / 13.75056°N 100.50111°E /13.75056; 100.50111
