Wah-wah (orwa-wa) is an imitative word (oronomatopoeia) for the sound of altering the resonance of musical notes to extend expressiveness, sounding much like a human voice saying the syllablewah. The wah-wah effect is aspectral glide, a "modification of thevowel quality of a tone".^[1]

The Wah-wah effect on a guitar

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Ultimate-Guitar opined that the effect is "one of the most original and easily identified guitar effects in the world."^[2]

The word is derived from the sound of the effect itself; an imitative or onomatopoeia word. The effect's "wa-wa" sound was noted by jazz playerBarney Bigard when he heardTricky Sam Nanton use the effect on his trombone in the early 1920s.^[3]

The wah-wah effect is believed to have originated in the 1920s, with brass instrument players finding they could produce an expressive crying tone by moving a mute, or plunger, in and out of the instrument's bell.^[4] In 1921, trumpet playerJohnny Dunn's use of this style inspiredTricky Sam Nanton to use the mute with the trombone.^[3]

By the early 1960s, the sound of the acoustic technique had been emulated with electronic circuitry.^[5][4] For electric guitar the wah-wah pedal was invented.

The method of production varies from one type of instrument to another. On brass instruments, it is usually created by means of amute, particularly with the harmon (also called a "wa-wa" mute) or plunger mute. Woodwind instruments may use "false fingerings" to produce the effect.

Any electrified instrument may use an auxiliarysignal-processing device, or pedal. Often it is controlled by movement of the player's foot on a rocking pedal connected to apotentiometer. An alternative to players directly controlling the amount of effect is an 'auto-wah'. These devices, usually make harder hit notes more trembly with a more prominent wah wah effect.^[6] Wah-wah effects are often used for soloing or for creating a "wacka-wacka"funk rhythm on guitar.^[4] Although these electronic means are most often on electric guitar, they are also often used onelectric piano.^[7]

The wah-wah effect is produced by periodically bringing in and out of playtreble frequencies while a note is sustained. Therefore, the effect is a type ofspectral glide, a "modification of thevowel quality of a tone".^[1]

The Electronic wah-wah effects are produced by controlling tone filters with apedal.^[5] Anenvelope follower circuit is used in the 'auto-wah'.^[6]Subtractive synthesis can produce a similar effect.

Tricky Sam Nanton's wah-wah on trombone inDuke Ellington's Orchestra became well known as part of the so-called "jungle" effects of the band in the late 1920s.^[3] This technique has been used in contemporary music.Karlheinz Stockhausen notates the use of the wah-wah mute in hisPunkte (1952/1962) in terms of transitions between open to close using open and closed circles connected by a line.^[8] Although the most common method of producing wah-wah on brass instruments is with a mute, some players have used electronic filtering, notablyMiles Davis on trumpet.^[7]

• Wah-wah pedal
• Muted trumpet
• Mute (music)
• Subtractive synthesis
• Porn groove

• Du Noyer, Paul (2003).The Billboard illustrated encyclopedia of music. New York: Billboard Books.ISBN 9780823078691.OCLC 54817654.
• Erickson, Robert (1975).Sound structure in music. Berkeley: University of California Press.ISBN 9780520023765.OCLC 1364674.
• Hunter, Dave (2004).Guitar effects pedals : the practical handbook. San Francisco, CA, US: Backbeat.ISBN 9780879308063.OCLC 56460005.
• Keen, R. G. (1999)."The Technology of Wah Pedals".New Page 1. Retrieved2021-02-13.
• Kernfeld, Barry (2002). "Wa-wa [wah-wah]".The new Grove dictionary of jazz. New York: Grove.ISBN 1561592846.OCLC 46956628.
• Nadal, James (2013-10-24)."Tricky Sam Nanton music @ All About Jazz".All About Jazz Musicians. Retrieved2021-02-13.

• Oliphant, Dave (1996).Texan jazz. Austin: University of Texas Press.ISBN 9780292760455.OCLC 32627350.

• A YouTube video of electric guitar played with a Wah-wah pedal