Avoiceless palatal plosive orstop is a type ofconsonantal sound used in some vocal languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨c⟩.
If distinction is necessary, avoiceless alveolo-palatal plosive may be transcribed ⟨t̠ʲ⟩ (retracted andpalatalized[t]) or ⟨c̟⟩ (advanced[c], depending on the linguistic analysis of that sound. There is also a para-IPA letter ⟨ȶ⟩ that is used primarily inSinological phonetic notation.
It is common for the symbol ⟨c⟩ to be used to transcribe apalatalized voiced velar plosive[kʲ] or, as often in theIndo-Aryan languages, a postalveolar affricate[tʃ] – especially in phonemic notation. The latter may be appropriate when the place of articulation needs to be specified but the distinction between plosive and affricate is not contrastive, or simply for a cleaner transcription.
Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
There is also avoiceless post-palatal orpre-velar plosive in some languages, which is articulated slightly more back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical palatal consonant, though not as back as the prototypicalvelar consonant. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as ⟨c̠⟩ (retracted ⟨c⟩), ⟨k̟⟩ (advanced ⟨k⟩), or ⟨kʲ⟩ (palatalized ⟨k⟩, though this is more ambiguous than the others; see below).
Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
Its place of articulation is post-palatal (or pre-velar; also called palato-velar, retracted palatal, backed palatal, advanced velar or fronted velar), which means it is articulated between the position ofpalatal consonants andvelar consonants.Palatalized velar consonants may be the same, but "palatalized" may also simply mean apalatal approximant-like release.
Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
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