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Virgibacillus

Virgibacillus is agenus ofGram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus)bacteria and a member of the phylumBacillota.Virgibacillus species can beobligate aerobes (oxygen reliant), orfacultative anaerobes andcatalaseenzyme positive. Under stressful environmental conditions, the bacteria can produce oval or ellipsoidalendospores in terminal, or sometimes subterminal, swollen sporangia. The genus was recently reclassified from the genusBacillus in 1998 following an analysis of the speciesV. pantothenticus.[2] Subsequently, a number of new species have been discovered or reclassified asVirgibacillus species.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

Virgibacillus
Scientific classification
Domain:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Virgibacillus

Heyndrickx et al. 1998[1]
Type species
Virgibacillus pantothenticus
(Proom & Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998
Species

See text

Synonyms
  • AgaribacterTeramoto & Nishijima 2014
  • SalibacillusWainøet al. 1999

Phylogeny

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The currently accepted taxonomy is based on theList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[1] andNational Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).[10]

16S rRNA basedLTP_10_2024[11][12][13]120 marker proteins basedGTDB 09-RS220[14][15][16]

Ornithinibacillus gellani

Cerasibacillus

Tigheibacillus halophilus(An et al. 2007) Miliotis et al. 2024

Virgibacillus soliKämpfer et al. 2011

Virgibacillus~2

V. kekensisChen et al. 2008

V. litoralisChen et al. 2012

V. salinusCarrasco, Marquez & Ventosa 2009

V. subterraneusWang, Xue & Ma 2010

V. oceaniYin et al. 2015

V. byunsanensisYoon et al. 2010

V. flavescensZhang et al. 2016

V. arcticusNiederberger et al. 2009

V. phasianinusTak et al. 2018

V. carmonensisHeyrman et al. 2003

V. necropolisHeyrman et al. 2003

Virgibacillus halodenitrificans(Denariaz, Payne & Le Gall 1989) Yoon, Oh & Park 2004

Oceanobacillus~1

Oceanobacillus kapialisNamwong et al. 2009

Oceanobacillus picturae(Heyrman et al. 2003) Lee et al. 2006

Virgibacillus

V. proomii

V. salexigens

V. massiliensisKhelaifia et al. 2023

V. kapiiDaroonpunt et al. 2016

V. kimchiiOh et al. 2021

V. marismortui(Arahal et al. 1999) Heyrman et al. 2003

V. olivaeQuesada et al. 2007

V. salariusHua et al. 2008

Virgibacillus~3

V. halotoleransSeiler & Wenning 2013

V. jeotgaliSundararaman et al. 2017

V. natecheiAmziane et al. 2016

V. alimentariusKim et al. 2011

V. campisalisLee et al. 2012

Virgibacillus~4

V. indicusXu et al. 2018

V. profundiXu et al. 2018

other

other

Virgibacillus alimentarius [incl.Virgibacillus campisalis]

Oceanobacillus halotolerans

Lentibacillus [incl. "Virgibacillus ihumii",Virgibacillus siamensis,
"Virgibacillus doumboii",Virgibacillus litoralis,Virgibacillus subterraneus]

Ornithinibacillus gellani

Cerasibacillus

Ornithinibacillus

Virgibacillus

V. halodenitrificans

"Oceanobacillus manasiensis"

Oceanobacillus jordanicus

other

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^abA.C. Parte; et al."Virgibacillus".List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved2025-02-28.
  2. ^Heyndrickx, M.; Lebbe, L.; Kersters, K.; De Vos, P.; Forsyth, G.; Logan, N. A. (1998)."Virgibacillus: A new genus to accommodate Bacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950). Emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus".International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology.48:99–106.doi:10.1099/00207713-48-1-99.
  3. ^Kampfer, P.; Arun, A. B.; Busse, H. - J.; Langer, S.; Young, C. - C.; Chen, W. - M.; Syed, A. A.; Rekha, P. D. (2010)."Virgibacillus soli sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil".International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.61 (2):275–280.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.020974-0.PMID 20228217.
  4. ^Kim, J.; Jung, M. -J.; Roh, S. W.; Nam, Y. -D.; Shin, K. -S.; Bae, J. -W. (2011)."Virgibacillus alimentarius sp. nov., isolated from a traditional Korean food".International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.61 (12):2851–2855.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.028191-0.PMID 21239563.
  5. ^Lee, S. -Y.; Kang, C. -H.; Oh, T. -K.; Yoon, J. -H. (2011)."Virgibacillus campisalis sp. nov., from a marine solar saltern".International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.62 (2):347–351.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.033084-0.PMID 21441379.
  6. ^Heyrman, J. (2003)."Virgibacillus carmonensis sp. nov.,Virgibacillus necropolis sp. nov. AndVirgibacillus picturae sp. nov., three novel species isolated from deteriorated mural paintings, transfer of the species of the genus Salibacillus to Virgibacillus, as Virgibacillus marismortui comb. Nov. And Virgibacillus salexigens comb. Nov., and emended description of the genus Virgibacillus".International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.53 (2):501–511.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.02371-0.PMID 12710619.
  7. ^Heyndrickx, M.; Lebbe, L.; Kersters, K.; Hoste, B.; De Wachter, R.; De Vos, P.; Forsyth, G.; Logan, N. A. (1999)."Proposal ofVirgibacillus proomii sp. nov. And emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950) Heyndrickx et al. 1998".International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology.49 (3):1083–90.doi:10.1099/00207713-49-3-1083.PMID 10425765.
  8. ^Yoon, J. -H. (2004)."Transfer of Bacillus halodenitrificans Denariaz et al. 1989 to the genus Virgibacillus as Virgibacillus halodenitrificans comb. Nov".International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.54 (6):2163–2167.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63196-0.PMID 15545452.
  9. ^Yoon, J. -H. (2005)."Virgibacillus dokdonensis sp. nov., isolated from a Korean island, Dokdo, located at the edge of the East Sea in Korea".International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.55 (5):1833–1837.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63613-0.PMID 16166674.
  10. ^C.L. Schoch; et al."Virgibacillus".National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved2025-02-28.
  11. ^"The LTP". Retrieved10 December 2024.
  12. ^"LTP_all tree in newick format". Retrieved10 December 2024.
  13. ^"LTP_10_2024 Release Notes"(PDF). Retrieved10 December 2024.
  14. ^"GTDB release 09-RS220".Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved10 May 2024.
  15. ^"bac120_r220.sp_labels".Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved10 May 2024.
  16. ^"Taxon History".Genome Taxonomy Database. Retrieved10 May 2024.
 

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