TheUlmaceae (/ʌlˈmeɪsi/) are afamily offlowering plants that includes theelms (genusUlmus), and thezelkovas (genusZelkova).[3] Members of the family are widely distributed throughout thenorth temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except forAustralasia.[2][4]
| Ulmaceae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ulmus laciniata Morton Arboretum acc. 180-84-1 | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Rosales |
| Family: | Ulmaceae Mirb. 1815 |
| Type species | |
| Ulmus L. 1753 | |
| Genera | |
| |
 | |
| The range of Ulmaceae. | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
| |
The family was formerly sometimes treated to include thehackberries, (Celtis and allies), but an analysis by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group suggests that these genera are better placed in the related familyCannabaceae.[4] It generally is considered to include ca 7 genera and about 45 species.[5] Some classifications also include the genusAmpelocera.[6]
Description
editThe family is a group of evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs withmucilaginous substances in leaf and bark tissue.Leaves are usually alternate on the stems. The leaf blades are simple (not compound), with entire (smooth) or variously toothed margins, and often have an asymmetrical base. The flowers are small and either bisexual or unisexual.[7] Thefruit is an indehiscentsamara,nut, ordrupe.
Uses
editUlmus provides importanttimber trees mostly forfurniture.
Phylogeny
editModernmolecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:[6][7][8][9][10]
References
edit- ^"Rosales".www.mobot.org. Retrieved2023-06-16.
- ^abWatson, L.; Dallwitz, M. J. (1992)."The Families of Flowering Plants: Ulmaceae Mirb". Retrieved21 November 2006.
- ^Denk, T; GW Grimm (February 2005)."Phylogeny and biogeography ofZelkova (Ulmaceaesensu stricto) as inferred from leaf morphology, ITS sequence data and the fossil record".Bot J Linn Soc.147 (2):129–157.doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2005.00354.x.
- ^abStevens, P (2001)."Angiosperm Phylogeny Website". Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved21 November 2006.
- ^Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016)."The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase".Phytotaxa.261 (3):201–217.doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
- ^abUeda, Kunihiko; K Kosuge; H Tobe (June 1997). "A molecular phylogeny of Celtidaceae and Ulmaceae (Urticales) based onrbcL nucleotide sequences".Journal of Plant Research.110 (2):171–178.Bibcode:1997JPlR..110..171U.doi:10.1007/BF02509305.S2CID 38413808.
- ^abSytsma, Kenneth J.; Morawetz, Jeffery; Pires, J. Chris; Nepokroeff, Molly; Conti, Elena; Zjhra, Michelle; Hall, Jocelyn C. & Chase, Mark W. (2002), "Urticalean rosids: Circumscription, rosid ancestry, and phylogenetics based onrbcL,trnL–F, andndhF sequences",Am J Bot,89 (9):1531–1546,doi:10.3732/ajb.89.9.1531,PMID 21665755,S2CID 207690258
- ^Zavada MS, Kim M (1996). "Phylogenetic analysis of Ulmaceae".Plant Syst Evol.200 (1):13–20.Bibcode:1996PSyEv.200...13Z.doi:10.1007/BF00984745.S2CID 44056978.
- ^Neubig K, Herrera F, Manchester S, Abbott JR (July 7–11, 2012).Fossils, biogeography and dates in an expanded phylogeny of Ulmaceae. Botany 2012: Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America in Columbus, Ohio, USA. St. Louis, Missouri: Botanical Society of America. Abstract 316.
- ^Sun M; Naeem R; Su J-X; Cao Z-Y; J. Burleigh G; Soltis PS; Soltis DE; Chen Z-D (2016)."Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis".Journal of Systematics and Evolution.54 (4):363–391.doi:10.1111/jse.12211.